Social Community Participation in Household Waste Management

The increase in population in the city has an impact on the waste produced. Especially with household waste. In addition, the varied consumption patterns of urban communities have the impact of causing waste that will disrupt the quality of life of the community. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out waste management. Waste management is carried out in 5 stages. These stages are 1) Waste collection; 2) Garbage collection; 3) Waste removal; 4) Garbage transportation; 5) Waste processing. The research focus that is the center of attention is waste management from planning to final waste disposal which includes aspects of operational techniques. The type of research used in this study is a type of qualitative research with an exploratory research design. the results of research that has been carried out by the community have known how to process waste in a simple way. However, its application in everyday situations is still rarely done. There are still many people who do not differentiate between organic and inorganic waste. But now urban communities are no longer burning their household waste. The waste from each household has been transported to a final disposal site or final processing place at an independent cost.


INTRODUCTION
Humans have various activities to fulfill their welfare by producing food, beverages, goods, and others from available natural resources (Darmawan, 2019). On the other hand, these activities produce goods that will be consumed, but on the other hand these activities also produce unwanted or useless waste materials. It is increasing day by day, this is closely related to the increasing population but the availability of human living space remains, and this waste material is known as garbage (Mubarak and Chayatin, 2009). According to WHO (World Health Organization), waste is a material that is not used, unused, not liked, or something that is thrown away that comes from human activities. Poor waste management can have a negative impact on health (Mukono, 2006) especially in urban areas.
The rapid increase in population in urban areas has an impact on the increase in the amount of waste produced. Population growth and changes in people's consumption patterns have led to an increase in the types, volumes and characteristics of waste that are increasingly diverse. Urban waste is a problem that needs serious attention. The increase in the amount of waste that is not followed by im-provement and improvement of waste management facilities and infrastructure has resulted in complex waste problems, including untransported waste and illegal waste disposal, which can cause various diseases, dirty cities, odors. unpleasant, reducing the capacity of the river and others.
People usually only handle waste by collecting and disposing of it (Asteria dan Heruman, 2016). This garbage is only thrown into the trash, due to the lack of awareness of the community to sort their own waste, the narrow land for the Final Disposal Site and the urban waste management system has not received a top priority in city development. People are accustomed to using a simple method, namely by burning or collecting waste and then throwing it into a final disposal site or often called open dumping. Simple waste management cannot handle the waste problem that occurs, but adds air pollution that comes from the unpleasant smell of garbage which causes environmental problems.
According to data from the Sanitation Department, most of the waste comes from households. Community participation is one of the important factors to solve the waste problem in urban areas. Until now, the participation of the community in general is only limited to waste disposal, not yet at the stage of waste management that can be useful again for the community. The simplest waste management by separating organic and anorganic waste requires intensive socialization from the government to the community Appiah (2009).
According to Gahana et al. (2018) waste is divided into organic waste and anorganic waste. Organic waste is waste produced from biological materials that can be degraded by microbes or are biodegradable. This waste can easily be decomposed through natural processes (Helmi et al, 2018). Most of the household waste is organic material. anorganic waste is waste produced from non-biological materials, either in the form of synthetic products or the result of technological processes for processing mining materials.
According to Damanhuri (2010), based on the problems and ways of handling waste, it can be classified into: 1) Solid Wastes or Refuses; 2) Liquid Wastes, 3) Atmospheric Wastes; 4) Human Wastes Excreta Disposal; 5) Manure; 6) Special Wastes. Waste processing can actually be done in five ways, namely: 1) Waste storage; 2) Garbage collection; 3) Waste removal; 4) Garbage transportation; 5) Waste processing. Therefore, waste management can be done by the community.
In practice, the community needs to receive training from parties who understand more about waste management. One of them is the local government or NGOs. Not only during planning but also controlling the process of waste processing and evaluating the results of the waste processing carried out. Therefore, this study aims to determine the role of the community in the management of community waste management.

RESEARCH METHOD
The type of research used in this research is a type of qualitative research with an exploratory research design. The research focus that is the center of attention is waste management from planning to final waste disposal which includes aspects of operational techniques (collection, transportation, management, and final disposal). In this study, as a source of individual data interviewed, namely people who have the competence to provide information that is relevant to the research theme. The method of analysis that will be carried out is descriptive qualitative analysis method, which is an analysis that carefully observes a certain phenomenon through collecting facts without testing hypotheses.

DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
At the waste collection stage carried out by the community, it is known that the community usually uses containers in the form of barrels, bamboo baskets, and bins (plastic drums), and permanent trash bins. The container is placed in front of the house and then transported by the waste manager. People generally do not sort their waste between organic and inorganic. So, it can be said that the housing pattern still uses an individual housing system. The results of the collection will be transported by self-help group officers who take the waste and then immediately dispose of it in a temporary dump so that the waste collection system still uses an individual pattern collection system. In order to determine the composition of household waste in the research area, observations were made on household waste generation. With limited opportunities, the study did not allow observations of all the waste generated. It can be seen that household waste in the study area consists of 45% organic waste, 23% plastic waste, 2% paper, and 30% mixed waste. The findings in the field indicate that household waste actually contains enormous potential to be reused and has economic value. Until now, the existing organic waste has not been used by the community as compost material (fertilizer), namely in the form of solid fertilizer and liquid fertilizer. Meanwhile, plastic, paper, glass and metal waste, if managed and sorted, will have a high economic value. So, it can be said that public awareness regarding waste sorting is still very lacking.
The stage of transporting source waste, namely households to final disposal site using bicycle carts. The intensity of waste collection or transportation is carried out differently by the self-help groups. So that the transportation system that has been running so far is a direct individual transportation system (door to door). However, the transportation of waste to the final disposal site is not equipped with the requirements as described above so that the impact of garbage scattered when transporting waste occurs, and causes air pollution due to the smell of the waste during transportation and through residential areas. So, if there is no solution related to the landfill, the possible impact will be landslides and an increase in the volume of waste in the landfill which has the potential as a place to live for waste vectors such as flies, salmonella typhi and diseases caused by waste due to contact. Direct contact with waste is irritation to the skin that has been experienced by the waste manager.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research that has been done, the community already knows how to process waste in a simple way. However, its application in everyday situations is still rarely done. There are still many people who do not differentiate between organic and inorganic waste. But now urban communities are no longer burning their household waste. The waste from each household has been transported to a final disposal site or TPA at an independent cost. With this, it is hoped that the community will get a clean and comfortable environment.
From the results obtained, the researchers provide the following suggestions. Changing the community paradigm by providing education to the community about the importance of continuous waste management activities by providing training and socialization for the community. These activities can be given not only in urban areas, but can also be carried out up to the village scope and even directly to village residents, so it is hoped that the collecttransport-dispose paradigm will change to waste management and public awareness will begin to increase. You can also apply the 3R pattern (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in everyday life. Reduce means we reduce the use of materials that can damage the environment so as to limit the generation of existing waste. Reduce also means reducing unnecessary purchases such as new clothes, additional accessories or anything that essentially reduces waste. Also reduce the use of tissue paper with handkerchiefs, reduce paper use in the office with print previews before printing so as not to be wrong, read online newspapers, and others. Reuse itself means reuse, for example giving used clothes to orphans. But the closest thing is to give clothes that are too small for your brother or sister, besides that, baby clothes that have only been worn for a few months are still good and can be given to relatives in need. Recycle is the recycling of goods. Increase public awareness and participation to be wiser in managing waste by continuing to conduct training and socialization of waste management, both organic and inorganic, so that people understand and understand how to do good and correct waste management. Improve coordination between the government and self-help group. Coordination activities can not only be carried out during monitoring and evaluation activities once a year, but can be carried out continuously through meetings and exchange of opinions between self-help groups and the government. the government can provide space and time for self-help groups who want opinions through, for example, regular monthly self-help group meetings, or once every few months in formal or informal forms. Cooperating and partnering with institutions that have a focus on handling waste management, for example by making and submitting CSR proposals, such as banks and other private foundations, so that funding problems can be resolved. Include processed waste products in exhibition events held by the government or other institutions by entrusting or renting a booth. It can also be done by increasing the quality of production to be of superior quality, so that it is expected to further increase people's purchasing power.