CLOREXIDINA E PREVENÇÃO DE PNEUMONIA ASSOCIADA À VENTILAÇÃO MECÂNICA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA SOBRE INCIDÊNCIA DE PAV E MORTALIDADE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56083/RCV4N1-240Keywords:
Clorexidina, Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica, Higiene BucalAbstract
A Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAV) é uma infecção frequente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs), apresentando elevadas taxas de mortalidade. A manutenção de uma higiene bucal adequada desempenha papel crucial na prevenção sendo a clorexidina a principal substância empregada para esse fim. No entanto, persistem incertezas em relação ao uso indiscriminado dessa substância. Objetivos: Este estudo visa avaliar a eficácia comparativa da clorexidina e substâncias inertes na prevenção da PAV e mortalidade em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica. Metodologia: A pesquisa no Pubmed, de 2013 a 2023, resultou em 194 artigos, e a manual 182, com 12 artigos selecionados para inclusão na revisão integrativa. O Grupo Teste (clorexidina) teve 779 pacientes, o Grupo Controle (substâncias inertes) envolveu 302 pacientes. A análise comparativa focou na incidência de PAV e taxa de mortalidade. Resultados: No Grupo Teste, 19.78% desenvolveram PAV, com taxa de mortalidade de 8,22%. No Grupo Controle, a incidência de PAV foi 18.54%, com taxa de mortalidade de 8.61%. Conclusão: Apesar de este estudo não ser conclusivo, a utilização generalizada da clorexidina em todos os pacientes não parece ser justificada, já que não apresentou melhorias na incidência de PAV, embora também não tenha acarretado aumento na taxa de mortalidade.
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