Cancer is still a major factor threatening human life around the world, and anticancer drugs remain a huge unmet clinical need. Here, we reviewed novel drugs including new molecular entities and new therapeutic biologics approved in the US, EU, Japan, and China that represent the main advances in anticancer drug research and development in 2020. Small molecule inhibitors targeting oncogenes, antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are the main anticancer drugs that were approved in 2020. More novel anticancer drugs that possess target activity and that overcome drug resistance are anticipated in the future.