Investigate the Exit of the Britain from European Union and Its Impacts on the International Community

Although Europe is not a superpower, but it is a great world power, at least in the economic dimension and it has a decisive effect on many international issues. Means it has much to say in relation to trade, the environment, drug control, natural disasters, and serious illnesses and so on. But in the field of policy passing the restrictive measures that puts on its agenda, in the major and basic issues it inevitably should cooperate with US and follow it. Europe on these types of subjects, considers inevitably a complementary role of America for itself at least for some time. So a sense that at the time was applied in Germany is also true about the current Union: European Union is an economic giant and a political dwarf that lacks the characteristics of a great and perfect power. It seems that no issue had been raised as the importance of exit of Britain from the European Union and the effects that it will leave from the end of the Second World War up to now means more than 70 years. Location and history of Britain add to the importance of this issue. The exit of Britain apart from the business and economic consequences can create a political and psychological shock in European developments. As entering of Great Britain took place loudly within a decade (Eventually, in 1973), leaving this country is associated with a lot of coverage in 4 recent years. This issue has been become one of the concerns of circles of Britain and Europe. America and Canada have also repeatedly warned about the negative consequences of this exit that we will discuss it in this paper.


Introduction
European Union with regard to the dimensions and characteristics of power may be considered as the second major economic and political power of the world after the United States of America.A set with 27 members that the number of its members may be increased to 30 countries over the coming years and it is geographically going to cover all the range of Eastern and Western Europe and even to be placed in neighboring countries such as Iran, Iraq and Syria by Turkish membership.Europe extension, which the biggest stage that was fulfilled after the cold war with the incorporation of 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe in May 2004 will mean the ending of the boundaries of cold war time, political and economic integration of the whole territory of Europe and its placement under single management that will lead to increasing the global status and influence and credibility of Europe in the world undoubtedly.Current Europe is a population hub and an important commercial hub.Great Britain due to its historical and political background is not interested at all to concede the decision making about some of its immense policies such as in in the areas of monetary, defense, security, foreign policy, social affairs and border controls to a supranational and European organization.Also London has refused to join the euro areas (European single currency), the Schengen Treaty, the European Social Charter and has not accepted it yet.
as the main obstacle to membership of this country and new leaders of France had more willing to Membership of England.Ending the cold war era, development of the integration process in Europe, evolution and improvement of the European Economic Community to European Union and also the unification of the two Germanys were the factors that pushed the England government to cooperation with the process of European unity.Among the people the willing to join in the common market had been increased too, and sixty-seven percent of England citizens agreed with this issue in the June 1967 referendum (Barnard, 2016, p. 47).
Finally, with the politic perseverance of London this country became a member of the Economic Community of Europe in first January 1973 that the complete membership of this country was conducted in 1993 with the formation of the European Union.But England membership in the European Union was not the mean of its complete accompaniment with European Union plans.The reason of this can be known in the criteria of "Pan Europeanism" of London.England does not agree with the deepening of Europe and federal Europe, and doesn't want to concede the part of its governmental power to a European technocratic institution (European Commission) (Ibid, p. 49).

England Look to European Union
The English have drawn a historical red line for themselves named "London Opposition Charter with European Union" from the cold war era until now in the Unity Europe plan.This red line is respected by all governments and political parties of England.London knows 4 axis of its sovereignty issues contrary to the unity of the European Union.These axes include: foreign policy, human rights, social legislation and tax affairs.Accordingly, England has retained its national procedures in most areas so far has refused to join the Eurozone.This country is not a Schengen member and believes in the control of movement of citizens, is a strong opponent of common work rules in union and thus it disagrees with the official recognition of the strike right in Union constitution and believes in tenacity in the immigration laws of the European Union.It disagrees with "European independent defense" and "common European army" and has not accepted them.England is an island nation that geopolitical has imposed certain conditions on it forcibly.London views are different on these issues with Continental European countries, including France, Germany, Italy, and Belgium and... and more it is close to Atlantic cooperation.

Holding a Referendum to Exist from the European Union
David Cameron, the England prime minister announced the 23 June 2016 as the date for holding a referendum to exit or stay of this country in the European Union.Cameron said that he will fight for staying of this country in a modified union.A number of England government ministers, including Theresa May, Interior Minister announced their support from remaining in the European Union.The opinion of some of the other ministers of cabinet members, including Michael Gove, Justice Minister is the exit of England from European Union.Of course the England Parliament should vote on this date.Meanwhile, during the two days of negotiations of England prime minister with European leaders in Brussels, Cameron succeeded to achieve an agreement that according to European politicians believe it is hoped that to provide the way to continuing the presence of this country in the European Union.David Cameron the England prime minister said in a speech after this meeting: I will try with all the "heart and soul" to stay in the Union.He continued: "Great Britain will never join to Euro monetary zone and thereby we obtained the necessary security to protect our economy."the England prime minister urged people to vote to stay in the European Union in this referendum.He said: "For me it is enough to say that Great Britain will remain in Europe Union."This agreement gives this power to England to have a monitor on the operation of financial institutions and markets to maintain its economic stability (Britain exits the EU: how Brexit will hit America, 2016).

Economy
According to reports and several estimations that have been formed during recent months the exit of the Britain from European Union will be with Economic slowdown, entering into a period of several years of economic recession, increasing inflation, loss of new employment opportunities, increasing unemployment, widespread of poverty, especially among the middle and weak classes of society, hard reduction in housing prices, increasing risk rates and also increasing the debts of this country.An increase in the price of gold on world markets is another negative consequences of exit of the Britain from European Union, and this show only the prospect of what is supposed to be occurred in the fifth largest economy in the world (The UK's EU referendum: All you need to know, 2016).

More precisely and in the form of statistics, economic enormous costs of exit of the Britain from European
Union can be outlined in detail at the immense level: Three million jobs, 25 thousand companies, annual exports worth 200 billion pounds and 450 billion pounds of inward investment be placed at risk.In addition, London's unique role in bringing together a wide range of financial services that serve the continent be placed at risk too, such as hosting 250 world banks with 160 thousand employees and 80 percent of hedge funds, 78 percent of currency transactions, 74 percent of its derivatives and 57 percent of private equity.(Idem) also according to a research that PwC company has done at the request of Confederation Great Britain Industry (CBI): Exit of the Britain from European Union from European Union imports "serious shock" to the Great Britain economy and will harm about 100 billion pounds (128 billion euros, 145 billion dollars) to the manufacturing sector in the economy of Great Britain which is equivalent to five percent of annual domestic gross production of this country.This figure can be catastrophic along with the exit of multinational banks and companies placed in Great Britain; a catastrophe that leads to Great Britain's economy can never be recovered; for example, the Financial Times has reported that Deutsche Bank is the first bank that is evaluating a plan toward the transfer of units of this bank from Great Britain to Germany providing the separation of Great Britain from European Union by forming a working group (www.telegraph.co.uk).So, from the economic perspective, British exporters will be present on the great market of Europe less and also they will be set aside from negotiations related to access of the European Union to International markets.Although Great Britain can negotiate alone with these partners, but this process is time consuming and since the Great Britain should negotiate alone, its bargaining power will be weakened.This means that it should have less business with members and non-members countries of the union.Great Britain will be forced to buy imported and consumer goods at a higher price and reducing the integration of British companies in the global value chain leads to weakening the production.Costs arising from that with the measure of GDP will be 5 to 20 percent over the costs of membership in the union.

Emigration
Supporters of exit of the Britain from European Union from European Union have gathered together based on fear from fugitive immigrants and their possible risks for society.The British is demanding the better control of the borders and they know the presence of immigrants in their country cause for taking possibilities from the citizens of Great Britain in favor of immigrants.Against those who want the survival of Great Britain's Membership in the union, highlight another fear; the loss of jobs that are dependent on trade in Europe.It should be noted that during 2015, according to official statistics, the country's net migration have been 333,000 people, which only slightly more than half of that have formed Europeans (Idem).

Politic
According to the position of Great Britain as one of the greatest and most influential European powers, it is natural that exit of this country has a lot of implications and consequences in foreign events of Great Britain, especially in relations with other European partners and even with North America and other major economic powers.Dean Acheson, the foreign Minister of the United States who is the designer of NATO and the Marshall Plan, had said Great Britain has lost its imperial in the twentieth century and it never to find new international order.Great Britain will loss Europe in twenty-first century and once again will find itself in the situation that will have no role in the world.The Conservative Party of Great Britain had promised in the elections of 2015, providing the victory in an election, to hold a referendum for exit from the European Union.This promise which had been mentioned in the manifesto and the promotional slogan of this party now has troubled the Prime Minister of Great Britain, but he has said with the rotation from past policy of his party, now the Conservative government of this country is the fan of remaining of country in the European Union.It should be noted that the Conservative Party on this issue has been divided into two parts; David Cameron, leader of this party, wants to stay in the European Union and Boris Johnson, past mayor of London wants to leave this union (Barnard, 2016, p.445).
Decide of Great Britain's people based on exit from the European Union also once again poses the issue of Scottish independence.Many people in Scotland once again will chanting independence slogans for staying in the European Union.Without a doubt, America will not want long and difficult discussions with Scotland leaders on the construction of nuclear weapons and the establishment of the submarine in Scotland land, especially in a condition that Russia once again is viewed as a threat again Europe.The divergence in this condition will be inevitable.Whatever happens in Scotland will influence on other parts of Great Britain too.Great Britain and Scotland's secession from the European Union can increase stresses in Northern Ireland between supporters of union with Great Britain and the Republicans who are looking to join to Ireland.
Nicola Sturgeon, the Scotland National Party leader, that his party is considered as the third largest party in parliament, said in an interview if the majority of people in Great Britain, vote to exit from the European Union, his party that holds the local Government of Scotland, will hold a referendum again about Scotland independence from Great Britain.He added the people who had a negative vote to secede from Great Britain in the two years ago referendum, this time definitely will vote for Scotland independence because most people in the region prefer being in the European Union (Ibid, p. 448).
So from a political standpoint, although Great Britain is considered as one of the great powers, but the durability and survival of this power will be challenged outside of the European Union.The exploitative approach of Great Britain to Union shows this English thinking that with the widespread, coherent and active presence at the level of decision-making and executive institution of the European Union can advance the Great Britain's purposes from the channel of this Economic-political block with less political costs and more international power and in a word: Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada, who has very good relations with Great Britain, recently has said that the exit of the Britain from European Union will not be a constructive path for this country and may lead to the loss of influence of this country on the world stage.Also from the internal dimension, again scrambling of Scotland for independence and even whispers of Northern Ireland for independence can be considered.

Special Relationship of Washington-London
Without a doubt deciding about staying Great Britain in European Union is up to the people and their representatives.But the outcome of this decision will not affect only on the Great Britain and Europe, but it has the international and transcontinental consequences.So the discussion and evaluation about it is justified for other parties (Brussels, 2016, p. 11).
Relationship of America and Britain has described always with the term of "special relationship".Using such term has not been without reason.America's values have been close always to Britain more than any other European country from protecting of intellectual property rights and entrepreneurship to collecting information and using from military force one of the most important reasons that America knows its connection very valuable with Great Britain is its membership in the European Union.Relationship with this country is not only observed in the framework of bilateral relationships Great Britain is important for America because it can defend from those positions that are close to Washington's positions in the European Union.White House and Obama at its head have disagreed regularly with the exit of the Britain from European Union from the European Union and they have wanted from people to give a negative vote to this plan (Ibid, p. 13).
In addition to this European Union without Great Britain means increasing the more and more influence of Germany.Increasing the influence of this actor can't have positive results and it is possible to place other countries against Germany, in this space European Union losses its ability for integrated performance on the world stage.The final result will be the weakening of Europe, in the condition that America needs a stronger united.Also, this possibility exists that America's public opinion that wants the reduction of the role of America in the world stage, to consider the exit of Britain from European Union as a witness indicating that the traditional allies of America do not play their part correctly.
According to the special relationship, the willingness of American diplomats to the survival of Great Britain in European Union is understandable, Great Britain often has acted as an ally of America in the Union negotiations in Brussels.Great Britain has an important role in persuading of union members to sanction of Russia in 2014, also their presence in the international coalition of struggle against ISIL.Also American officials fear from the exit of the Britain from European Union from European Union and the possibility of entering shock to global markets.But by strengthening the position of Germany in European Union, the bilateral relationship of Germany and America can become the most important foreign policy issue of America in Europe.America also has strengthened its relationships with other major countries of Europe, such as France and Italy in recent years.Exit of the Britain from European Union from European Union forces American diplomats to spend more time and energy for the entire continent of Europe rather than London.

The Exit of England Effect from European Union on America Elections
Brexit (exit of England from the union plan) is an event that certainly effects on the global economy and since America is not an exception from this rule, will resonate throughout the November general election.In fact, England referendum campaign -right like America's election -reminds us the anger of the people of this country from government systems, politician's fear, hostility towards the political elites and outbreak of resurgent nationalism.Where the ordinary voters don't have any control over policies so that they can organize their lives.England people with their vote in political loggerheads with some rogue politicians of this country were calling for secession from the Union and this is the best chance for Trump, who has claimed the corruption in the political system of America to attract more votes.It is enough to look at his recent tweet: Many people compare what happened in England with things that are occurring in America.People want to save their country from politicians.
In principle, the people of Great Britain with a political wry to Obama, who wanted not exit of England from European Union and always warned about creating problems in America's economic and international society in the wake of making this decision, threatened him.Now, occurrence of Brenzit is not much pleasant to Hillary Clinton.Since if she becomes the president, according to this that her economic policies are similar to Obama she will be an encounter with problems.Clinton, after vote of Great Britain's people to exit, immediately, taunted to England's people and also to Trump in a statement addressed to the people of America "but your movement is this that solves your problem under the flag of one country not with the act that have parsing consequence".Then she continued: "This action of England has the economic consequences for the international economy and I hope to the consequences of that do not suffer families of American workers and employees" she stated in her twitter: "Hours after the voting about the exit of England from European Union, Donald Trump was on the territory of Great Britain to talk about how he has been the beneficiary of it personally" (Population on 1 January, 2016).

Conclusion
As a final conclusion, the effects of the exit of the Britain from the Union on the International Relationships are as follows: 1) With the exit of Britain from the EU, the Zionist regime loses one of its main assets in the Union and it will definitely try to find an alternative for the Britain to modify the policies of union towards this regime.
2) Exit of the Britain will cause plan the old issues again, such as separating the Northern Ireland and Scotland from the United Kingdom.Geo-strategic position of British islands will be fundamentally changed In the event of independence and separation the Scotland and Northern Ireland and British power will be reduced further.This issue will have new impacts on the international relations and international economic.
3) Another possible effect of exit the Britain from the EU will be the intensifying the International pressures against Muslims and immigrants and refugees in the UK, the US and European countries, especially given that one of the reasons the British people voted in favor of leaving the EU, was opposition with the rise in immigration to the United Kingdom.
4) The exit of the Britain from the Union in the long run will cause to strengthen the governance issues, borders, institution of the nation-state as a major player of nationalism and international relationships and vice versa will cause to reduce the importance of regionalism, alliances and coalitions in international relationships, and especially at the level of the EU.It was in this relationship, that Sarkozi emphasized in his plan based on to conclude Schengen 2 as a new treaty on EU.The message on exit of Britain after four decades of integration in Europe Union, is that the institution of the nation -state as well as maintaining its special function in the international community and not only its role has not been reduced but also it will be strengthened.
5) It was a long time that theories of functionalism and neo-functionalism in international relationships, economic cooperation are introduced as a cause of integration and political union, but British departure from Europe Union, It was a stern test for these theories and showed the inefficiency of these theories and similar theories such as interdependence, globalization or other theories that focus on economic issues.6) Exit of the UK has had and will have negative impacts on the global economy and global financial markets.Since then, global financial markets worry that other countries that are members of the UN such as Greece, Denmark, the Netherlands and France may also take the path of the United Kingdom.7) UK election results may be effective on the results of the upcoming elections in the United States as one of the major players in international relationships and cause to increase the votes of Donald Trump the Republican candidate of this country that he has anti-immigration and anti-Muslim policies.The Washington Post newspaper also has written to insert an article about this that issue of migrants, refugees and unemployment, are three-factors that helped Trump to come on to the top among US Republican Party and vote for the exit of the Britain from the Union, can help to increase the chance of Trump in opposition to the wave of migrants.According to analysts, cases such as the vote to the exit of the Britain and rising the Donald Trump in the US and the growing the position of extreme right parties in Europe, Indicate an increase in populism strengthens and Populist oriented parties in the West that will have the new effects on political developments in the West and consequently on the international relationships.8) Destructive effects of exit of the Britain from the EU in the long-term and in the absence of changing in union approach to solve problems and preventing the exclusion of other members, can be unbelievable for the UK, UN and international relationships.The destructive dimensions of this event in the case of lack of management and, at worst state, can be as much that encounter the Europe Union with serious challenge and cause to the destruction of what was built during the years after World War II.Going the countries to nationalism and secession from the Union and reducing the scope of EU to some countries that they are its founder in the future, and return to the era before the union and incidence the war and physical conflicts in Europe, can be long-term effects of this event.Some analysts are more optimistic believe, that exit of the United Kingdom, if it leads to changes in the EU approach, In contrast, will even cause to strengthen the European Union in the future and with fixing the weaknesses and problems causes agility and unity and playing a greater role of this Union in the international relationships.This group believes that the exit of the Britain can lead to become further unity of this Union and strengthening the axes of Germany and France and the pressures of Britain can be reduced on the EU during the past four decades.In this regard, it is predicted soon the role of France and Germany and EU founding countries is strengthened more than ever.Holding the meeting of Foreign ministers of six EU founding countries, immediately on Saturday, in Germany can approve this issue.But it seems, however, the Union of Europe after the exit of the UK will be encountered with a big identity problem.9) For one hand, exit of the Britain and gap in the European Union and its collapse, will cause to weaken the union and intention of its members to the national policies that it is in the favor of Russia, China and Iran, but on the other hand, this EU, by identifying their problems and weaknesses will try to strengthen and rebuild themselves in the future.It should also be noted that Exit the UK also may affect the economy and world order and the formation the multi-polar system that have both positive and negative dimensions to Russia, Iran and China.On the other hand, the exit of UK from European Union will be caused to strengthen the cooperation's of European countries with Britain and the United States, in the form of NATO that it is a detriment of Russia, China and Iran.