Efforts to Resolve Juvenile Delinquency in Serang (A Case study in SMKN 5, SMK PGRI I, and SMK PGRI 3, Serang)

The purpose of the research is to discover and to analyze the cause of juvenile delinquency, school’s role in order to overcome the issue, and the efforts performed to resolve the issue in three vocational high schools in Serang. Qualitative method is used in order to comprehend the regular state of the objects through placing the researcher as the key instrument. The data collection is done through purposive and snowball technique, a technique done through triangulating, where the data analysis is inductive, and the findings are emphasized on significance rather than generalization. The findings show that the cause of juvenile delinquency in Serang involves internal and external factors. The internal factor revolves around personality, status and the students’ role in the society. Meanwhile, the external factors are family where the issues lies on the parent’s inability in disciplining their children, the lack of spiritual knowledge, especially Islamic value, and the poor control from the society which is often oblivious of student’s characteristic. The method to resolve juvenile delinquency in Serang concentrates on the curative and preventive precautions as following: reciting the Quran 15 minutes before the first subject of each day begins, conducting a routine group dhikr every Friday night, conducting a religious seminar every month which involves every party, conducting a routine brief lecture after Zuhr pray, whether it is delivered by teacher of the students, as well as da’wah training for students given by the teachers.

in 2009 it is recorded that there are 6 male students that use drugs; (2) in 2010, 2 male students are found; (3) in 2011, again, 2 male students are found; (4) in 2012, there are 5 male students found using drugs; and (5) in 2013, there is a student caught using drugs (Serang Police, personal information, 12 October 2013).On the side note, there is also a form of delinquency in Serang that takes the form of street fighting and illegal motorcycle racing amongst the student.
Due to the mentioned above, driven by the feeling of devastation, I feel the need to study the effort to overcome juvenile delinquency of students in Serang, by chosing three vocational high school located in Serang, which are Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri 5, Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia 1, and Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia 3.

Significance of the Issue
To handle juvenile delinquency means to rearrange the student's haywire sentiment.These students' emotion are rather unstable due to the fact that they feel rejected by the family, fellow students, as well as their environment since childhood, which causes the failure in the development of their personality.Various trauma in their lives are ought to be resolved, psychological conflicts that are unresolved also needs to be fixed, and they have to be placed in a surrounding that poles apart their previous environment.
Their shaken emotions, confusion to find something to hold onto, the jammed-packed activities to gather and to preserve new knowledge and understanding in order to survive adulthood is a part of the students' daily activities.The nature of a student is to make an effort to find their identity.If they are faced to situations beyond ones they are familiar with or environment that revolves around contradiction and ambiguity, they will easily fall into depression, life filled with anxiety, insecurity and confusion.These matters have caused Indonesian students to fall into delinquency which put them on jeopardy whether the risk come in the current time or later in the future (Daradjat, 1973, p. 356).
Even though efforts to resolve juvenile delinquency has been discussed by scholars, the solution of juvenile delinquency in the real world has yet to fulfil the expectation of the society, in fact, the frequency of the matter is getting more and more distressing.Therefore, in order to deal with juvenile delinquency, people should not feel fed up, due to the belief that every problems has its own solution.Based on that, I try to conduct a research about juvenile delinquency in the city of Serang, located in Banten, Indonesia.
In line of the preceding issues, I conduct a research in three vocational high school in Serang which holds a record of having their students committed delinquency such as street fights between students of different schools, illegal motorcycle race, and drug use.Even though the number of cases that has been found out is not high, at the end of the day, through several approaches done by the school such as religious approach (especially approach through dhikr) is found to be effective in order to handle the cases of juvenile delinquency in Serang.
According to the background of the issues mentioned before, the research questions in this research are: What causes juvenile delinquency in three vocational high school in Serang; What is the school's role in resolving the juvenile delinquency in three vocational high schools located in Serang; What kind of resolving efforts have been conducted to overcome juvenile delinquency in the three vocational high schools in Serang?Therefore the purpose of the research is to discover and to analyze: the cause of juvenile delinquency in three vocational high school in Serang: the role of the school to overcome juvenile delinquency in three vocational high schools in Serang; and the efforts that has been done to resolve the issue in three schools mentioned.

Relevant Previous Studies
Andariyon Dobrian (2007), a scholar of Islamic Education Major in the Faculty of Tarbiyan in Malang National Islam University, wrote a dissertation about efforts that have been done to overcome the issue of juvenile delinquency in SMAN 7 Malang.The findings show that in the educational purview, juvenile delinquency is a phenomenon that is always intriguing to look into.The reason being the fact that students that are the generations that carry a nation's legacy is the ones that will determine the nation's development rate.Therefore, there is a need for a proper and directed personality construction program for student as the carriers of the nation's legacy, so that they will be able to fulfil the nation's expectation and visions.Up to this date, Islamic Education learning process is yet to be find effective to overcome various negative values that emerge around and affect the current young generation.The teacher of Islamic education holds a very important role to overcome various misbehavior of the students that occur, so that the young generation in the future will behave in a better manner and more resistant towards activities that will leave their selves in jeopardy.According to the preceding background, the researcher comes with the following research questions: 1) What are the forms of juvenile delinquency occurring in SMAN 7 Malang, 2) What are the factors that causes the occurrence of juvenile delinquency in SMAN 7 Malang, 3) What are the efforts done by the Islamic Education teacher to overcome the issue of juvenile delinquency SMAN 7 Malang.This research comes to the conclusion that: 1) the forms of juvenile delinquency in SMAN 7 Malang are as following: minor acts of delinquency such as skipping classes, leaving when the class takes place, not submitting assignments, and lack of uniform attribute, 2) the factor that causes juvenile delinquency in SMAN 7 Malang are amongst these issues: unsupportive family situations because of their parents get divorce, unsupportive societal situations caused by making friends with bad-influencing friends, and 3) the efforts done to overcome the issue of juvenile delinquency in SMAN7 Malang are preventive efforts (precaution acts) as well as curative efforts (correcting acts).
Irvan Matondang from the Faculty of Social and Political Science of National Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta wrote a thesis about juvenile delinquency in illegal motorcycle community entitled "A Case Study of Student Members of Motorcycle Gangs P-dox Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur".This study is motivated by the fact of the number of motorcycle gangs that grows rapidly.Motorcycle gangs which recruit students as members often times perform negative behavior and violations towards social norms in the society.There are two notions analyzed in this thesis, which are motorcycle gangs and juvenile delinquency.According to the research, Matondang concluded that the delinquencies done by motorcycle gang P-dox are illegal motorcycle racing, underage drinking, drug using, free sex and gambling.
Dian Mulyasari in her thesis about student's misbehavior analyzed from the student's perspective towards the congeniality in the family and comfort from fellow students entitled "Correlation Study in the Students of SMA Utama 2 Bandar Lampung".Adolescent is a transition from childhood to adulthood.Generally known that in this transition period, physical turbulences, psychology and social amongst teen students are inevitable.The finding shows that there are negative correlation between student's opinions on congeniality in the family with juvenile delinquency.The finding also demonstrate that there are a positive correlation between the rate of comfort offered by fellow students and juvenile delinquency.
Yuni Safitri (2011), a scholar from Postgraduate Program of Muhammadiyah University Surakarta, wrote a thesis with the title of "Resolving Juvenile Delinquency (A Case Study in SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali)".The purpose of the research is to discover ways to resolve juvenile delinquency which are considered minor as well as larger scaled delinquency occurred in SMA Negeri 2 Boyolali.This research is a qualitative research which apply field research.The data analysis used is interactive data analysis.According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that: 1) the way to overcome juvenile delinquency is done by counseling teacher where the students are called to meet them and are given first warning, then the second, and the third, 2) resolving serious juvenile delinquency through repressive personality guiding program.However if the student still perform repetitive delinquency that gets to the intolerable point in nature, then the school board will have to hand the responsibility of supervising the students back to their parents, or simply being dropped out from the school.
Redatin Parwadi from the Master of Sociology Study Program from the Faculty of Social and Political Science in Tanjungpura University Pontianak wrote a thesis entitled "Juvenile Delinquency amongst Students of SMPN 07 Sengah Temila,District Sengah Temila, Landak Regency".The research concluded that: (1) the number juvenile delinquency nowadays tends to rise in line with the massive technology development and information that causes a change of value in the society; (2) The existence of juvenile delinquency causes unsettlement and pessimistic thoughts in the society concerning the future of these teenagers which are the wielder of the hopes and expectations of the country; (3) Interactions amongst junior high school students shall be given attention from various parties especially school board and the students' parents who are opted to watch the development of the students so that the rising number of the current student promiscuity can be repressed.In addition, the factor that causes juvenile delinquency which triggers the junior high school students to perform delinquency are amongst the following: society, the rapid development of technology and knowledge, as well as education in the family.

Method
The method employs in this research is qualitative research approach.In line with the issue that is investigated, this research demands for close observation and a profound analysis, I chose to use qualitative approach.Moleong (2005) stated that qualitative research is based on a natural background as a whole, determined by human behavior as a research instrument, taking advantage of qualitative perspective, handling data in a inductive way, pointed the target of the research to the effort to find a theory from the basic, has a descriptive characterization, putting front the process of the analysis than the result, limits the study with a focus, possess a collection of categories to investigate the authenticity of the data, the research design is temporary and the result of the research is agreed upon by both parties, which are the researcher and the subject of the research (Moleong, 2005).

Data Collection
Sugiyono (2003) claims that there are three techniques of data collections based on its procedure which are interview, questionnaire, and observation, which are to be described in the following: a. Interview Interview is the data collecting technique that can be employed in order to gain more specific and comprehensive understanding towards the respondent which can be done through face to face meeting or through communication device.Sugiyono (2013) stated that interview can be done in an organized fashion or unorganized fashion.The organized interview is employed when the researcher has had an idea of what kind of information is to be collected from the respondent.On the other hand, in the unorganized interview, the researcher does not use any structured and comprehensive guide of interviewing in the data collection process, the guide used in this process are mainly the big picture of the issues that is about to be asked to the respondent.

b. Observation
Observation as a data collection technique has a specific characterization comparing to other techniques such as interview and questionnaire.In observation, the involved parties are divided into the participant observation and non-participant observation.In participant observation, the researcher is involved in the daily activity of the observed parties or any other resource of data collection.In this technique.In non-participant observation, the researcher does not involved directly, and only present as an independent observer.

c. Documentation
According to Louis Gottschalk (1986), documentation is often used by experts within two definitions, the first one is as the written source of historical information as an opposite of verbal witness, artefact, painted heritages, and archeologic trails.The second definition is that documentation for official letters and legal documents such as agreements, constitution, hibah, concessions, and so on.Furthermore, Gottschalk (1986) claims that documentation in its boarder definition is a process that are based on any type of resources, whether it is written, spoken, drawn, or archeological.

Research Procedure
In a qualitative research or known as naturalistic research, analysis phases cannot be determined precisely, similar with quantitative research.However, the phases in the qualitative research generally could be divided into three phases, as claimed by Nasution as following, "Generally, the qualitative research could be divided into three stage, which are orientation stage, exploration stage, and member check stage" (Nasution, 1988, p. 33).

1) Orientation stage
It is a phase of preparation to collect data through the following steps: a. Conducting an approach towards involved parties which becomes the location of the research, in this case in three vocational high schools located in Serang.
b. Preparing guidelines for the interview and observation for the determined respondent, who are the following: the headmaster of the schools, and some teachers and involved board in the three appointed schools.c.Communicating with the respondent directly, which the headmaster and the teacher to conduct the interview, observation and documentation study for the data to be collected.
Conducting the interview in the observation stage beforehand in order to gain a general imagery of the case directly through the data source, which are: a. Interview in the office of National Police of Serang to collect the data about the form of the juvenile delinquency, the causes and the method to overcome it.b.Observation and interview in Sekolah Menenah Kejuruan Negeri 5, Sekolah Menenah Kejuruan Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesi I Serang, dan Sekolah Menenah Kejuruan Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia 3 Serang.c. Interview with the head divisionof Senior High School/Vocational High School from the Ministry of Education in Serang, to find out the amount of students in Serang.d.Gathering data that is relevant to documentation in order to support the primary data.
e. Arranging the result of the research which involves activities that depict, analyze, and interpret the data found from the research thoroughly.

2) Exploration stage
This stage is where the result of the interview and the observation are elaborated.

3) Member check stage
This phase is where the validity of the data and any collected information from the field is examined in order to result in a more credible findings and reliable scientifically, in which the phases covers the following segments: a. Conducting an analysis towards the data collected from the field, then the result is delivered to the respondent or any data source to confirm the conformity between the collected data given.
b. Requesting for further information from the respondent if it is found necessary to support the data and information that is deemed needed.c.Rechecking the validity of the data and the information that are collected from the respondent or data source in the last stage before the data is made final to be presented as an information.

Sampling Procedures
The following steps are conducted in order to collect a reliable data: 1) Perform a continuous observation until the desired data is collected.This step is meant for the researcher to pay a close attention towards the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency.On the other side, the researchers are opted to collect relevant matters in order to comprehend the symptoms which occur.The continuous observation is done not only to gather consistent matter, but is also done as an effort to fulfil the criterion of collected data's reliability.
2) In qualitative research, triangulation is a process that is necessary to be performed by a researcher in the side of other procedures, in which this process decides the validity aspect of the collected data which later will be arranged in a research.The triangulation technique that is most common to be performed is an examination through other resources.Triangulation models is submitted to terminate the dichotomy between qualitative approach and quantitative approach, so that a precise theory could be discovered.
3) The last step is to discuss the matter with another party (fellow researcher that comprehend and is familiar with the analyzed issues.This technique is performed through exposing the temporary result or the final result which is acquired in the form of analytical discussion with the fellow researchers.This technique is also covers the means of being one of the technique of data validity check.
Along with the data collection process, reduction towards data collected are done through selecting, concentrating, minimalizing, abstracting, and transparency of rough data which are collected from written notes gained in the observation area.The data presentation that is employed in the research is one in the form of narrative text and notes from the field to limit the presentation as an informative conclusion which are arranged to demonstrate the possibility of concluding process and how to manage it.The scattered texts from the field that are not organized systematically are arranged to be one simultaneous wholeness which makes the conclusion pulling process easier.
In the conclusion pulling presented components are explored, taking notes of the patterns, arrangements, descriptions, possible existing configurations, cause and effect, and proportions in the research.This stage is done to review the notes from the field and from the brainstorming session with the fellow researchers, especially findings that is resulted from field observation (Nassution, 1995).

a. The role of the educational relations
Family is the first and the most prominent educational environment received, it is due to the fact that family where children is educated and aided, and most part of children's life is within the family.The main obligation of a family for the sake of their children's education is as a foundation builder of the basic knowledge of moral and viewpoint.Children's behavior and demeanor is mostly inherited from their parents and from other family members (Indrakusuma, 1973).
Therefore, education from the family wield the following vital roles in educating children: Firstly, as the wielder of the first experience occurred in childhood.Family as an educational institution provide early childhood experience which is a significant factor in the personal development of a child, because from thereafter the psychological balance in the individual's development is assessed.Secondly, family reassures the emotional development of children.Emotional development is one of the most important factors in forming an individual's characterization because of the divergence in the individual's education.Thirdly, family plants the education of moral.In a family, parent's behavior becomes an example for a child, as children are bound to imitate their parent's behavior.Fourthly, family provides the basic knowledge of social education, which support the growth of social awareness through social interaction amongst the family member, helping each other, keeping matters in an orderly and peaceful state, and so on.Fifthly, family builds the base of religious belief.Family introduces religious values such as teaching the children to recite the Quran and so on.

b. The purpose of the school as educational institution
The national purpose of education is the purpose of the whole unit, categorization and activities related to education, whether it is in a formal education, formal, or non-formal education in the context of national development.The purpose of Indonesian education is to "develop the potentials of the students to become human beings that are faithful and devoted towards God, retain distinguished demeanors, well-informed, independent and to be democratic as well as liable citizens" (The 2003 Legislation of Indonesia No. 20 Chapter II Article 3, cited from riedushine.wordpress.com).

c. Society as educational institution
Society is the third education provider after family and formal educational institution.Education in the society has a boarder impact.The types of education that is bound to be experienced by one varies, it also covers numerous field, whether it is a habitual construction, comprehension construction of knowledge, behavior and interest, or a morality and religious construction (Hasbullah, 2005).
All three preceding educational institution is bound toperform a cooperation amongst each other, whether it is directly or not, by supporting equivalent activities individually or altogether.In other words, cultivating activities that are performed by parents towards their children are also performed by the schools where it is strengthen and also controlled by the society as the social environment for the children.

d. Educational environment
Educational environment is understood as the factors that influence the practice of a proper education.The educational environment as place where the educating process is also a part of social environment.Educational environment is necessary in educating process, due to the fact that the environment functions to support a comfortable, organized, and continual teaching and learning activities.With those certain environment, the educating process can be performed.Educational institution is an institution which is opted to manage and conduct social, cultural, religious, and skill exploration activities, which revolves around intellectual, spiritual and skill development.As a place where people gather, cooperate rationally and systematically, prearranged, organized, guided and controlled in utilizing resources, services, data and other matters that are used efficiently and effectively in order to fulfil the purpose of the education (Indar, 1994).

e. Forms of educational environment
Basically, educational environment includes: place (physical environment) such as climate, ground, and nature; culture (cultural environment) such as language, art, economy, knowledge, viewpoint, and religion; social group (social environment or the society) such as family, playmates, household, and communities.
According to the elaborated matters previously mentioned, some factors that trigger juvenile delinquency in SMK PGRI 1 Serang are as following:

1) Family
Family holds an important role in the individual development of a child.Some families of the student in SMK PGRI 1 does not pay much attention to their children (Document of SMK PGRI, 2013).It is due to the fact that family is the first environment experienced by children which functions to accept, look after, and educate a child.Basically education exist to build a foundation and a life direction for a child.A proper education will develop the individual's maturity.The child is bound to be an independent individual who is responsible of their own duty and obligation, and also respectful towards fellow individual and able to live properly.
2) The influence of fellow students Amongst student, having a lot of friends is considered an achievement.The more friends you have, the more prestigious they will seem in the eyes of their fellow students.Especially if they are able to make friends with people known for their high status, such as the rich kid in the city, the child of the state's officials, or even some child from a highly regarded family.
Furthermore the cause of those delinquency are verbal bullying amongst student, some students who brought cigarettes from outside the school, unpleasant attitude, inappropriate use of cellphones in the class, the thought of valuing the subject unnecessary to be known, curiosity towards pornography, urge to smoke, unstable emotion, influence from uneducated playmates, the feeling of resentment, and triggered by fellow student's mockery.
Generally, the effort performed by the school board in order to resolve this issue in SMK PGRI 1 Serang is by conducting personal counseling guide for the student, then followed by inviting the guardians of the student to meet the board via letter of notification.The effort is also done through management by using religious approach as a step to lessen juvenile delinquency in SMK PGRI 1 Serang, which includes: (1) Reciting the Quran 15 minutes before the first subject of each day begins This program is opted to be a daily routine, generally this routine to recite the Quran for 15 minutes offers some benefits such as: a) reaffirming believe towards Allah, it is also closely related to worship towards Allah, it increases the quality and the quantity of surah memorized by the students, which supportsthe quality of their prayer; (b) reaffirming believe towards Prophet Muhammad, in which one of the way is to imitate the good deeds he does daily; and (c) reaffirming personal moral, reading the Quran before studying is vital to comprehension of these values: disciplinary, positive thinking, mutual help, kindness, and proper morale practice towards the society.
(2) Conducting a routine group dhikr every Friday night Due to the misbehavior of the students, conducting a group dhikr is deemed to be necessary.The purpose of dhikr is to minimalize negative outcome of misbehavior.Essentially, dhikr is a psychological solution and is a peace-giver for an unstable emotion, and also acute depression.Dhikr is meant to provide a peaceful and tranquil state of mind.Dhikr is also a way or device to bring a Muslim closer to Allah.
(3) Conducting a religious seminar every month which involves every party The purpose of religious seminar is to develop student's moral, spiritual, as well as religious value.In order for that to be achieved, people who are engaged in dakwah is encouraged to participate to provide to spread the religious value to the society, especially children.By increasing the number of dakwah, children will begin to comprehend the dangers lurking in our daily activities.It is only iman that could protect human's life from temptations.
These effort to resolve the matter is also done through religious approach as an attempt to overcome the issues of juvenile delinquency in SMKN 5 Serang, they are as following: 1) Reciting the Quran 15 minutes before the first subject of each day begins This program is done daily before the lesson starts, generally reciting the Quran for 15 minutes offers some benefits such as: (a) reaffirming believe towards Allah, it is also closely related to worship towards Allah, it increases the quality and the quantity of surah memorized by the students, which supports the quality of their salah, whether it is wajib salat or Sunnah salah.
(b) Reaffirming believe towards Prophet Muhammad, in which one of the way is to imitate the good deeds he does daily.
(c) Reaffirming personal moral, reading the Quran before studying is vital to develop the sense of 1) disciplinary, 2) positive thinking, because the students stars the class by reciting the Quran which is a positive thing, 3) mutual help, by reminding the fellow students that does not participate in reciting the Quran, 4) there will grow the urge to mimic kind acts that other students performed, and 5) proper morale practice towards the society, which is the way the students behave around the society so that ukhuwah islamiyah will be formed.
3) Dosalat al-jama'ah followed by brief religious lecture This precise school activities is something familiar for the entire attendants of SMKN 5 Serang.Every 12.00 p.m, the school provide a 30 minutes break so that Muslims could do a salat al-jama'ahfor Zuhr prayer.This practice is especially beneficial in developing sense of familiarity amongst the Muslims in SMKN 5 Serang, whether it is amongst students or between students and school committees.Aside from that, salat al-jama'ahalso construct the student's personality (Headmaster of SMK 5 Serang, personal information, June 18, 2014).
According to the result of the interview with the interviewees, it can be concluded that some factors causes juvenile delinquency, such as: (1) Lack of religious values In the accordance of the interview result, it can be seen that there are several ways that have been done to overcome juvenile delinquency occurred in three schools located in Serang, they are as following: a.The failure of identity crisis and the lack of self-control can be prevented or resolved through following the ways of living of upright people.Students should be able to be acquainted with as many proper adults as possible, who has been through adolescent time well, and they also succeed to come to the right path even after they failed the phase.b.Fulfilling parents' expectation to manage the situation within the family, so that a harmonious, communicative, and comfortable family will be formed.c.Religious aspect of a family's life is one of the indicator to measure the social function of a family, which perform its religious role properly, meaning they will also grow a sense of good morals.Theoretically, for a family who has perform well on its religious aspect, the children will be bound to do good deeds in line with religious values.d.To prevent the obstacle that might occurred because of mingling, aside from making proper friends, parents shall also provide activities and trust teenagers with household matters.e. Parents should help and guide their children to pick a major that suits the skills, preference, and hobby of the child.However, if the child refuse to go to the school that is in line with their preference, try to make them understand that as a teen, it is their job to study where they want to.Meanwhile, hobby is a side activity that is allowed to be pursued after the main task is done.
f. Students should decide what they want to do in their spare time on their own.Amongst students, aside from needing materials, they also need attention and affection from their parents.Therefore, their spare time can be filled with activities that involved the family as a recreation.
g. Students should be clever to choose a proper society to mingle, also the parent should provide them with proper guiding about possible communities.h.Students forms self-defense so that they are not easily influenced if their fellow students or community members does not fulfill their expectation.

Discussion
Adolescent is a phase where individuals attempt to find their identity, to discover and to comprehend the meaning of existing surroundings.In the attempt, the effort is supported by the educators who provide guidelines they needed.In this phase, the burden for the teenagers is enormous as the most involved party.The students must struggle to make real the concepts of themselves, to find what they want to do, to discover who they are and what they will be in the future.Therefore, their duty and burden are immense, that they experience hardship and emerge issues in the way.
As a student with numerous change who desires to be an independent individu, to attaim more attention from the family or other boarder environment.They act following naturally in order to attain acknowledgement of having a role and purpose, thus in the process on making the value real, they often oppose the norms and laws in the society.

Delinquency
Delinquency of misbehavior which occurred in amongst student is known as juvenile delinquency.Juvenile delinquency is a lawbreaking behavior done by adolescent as a form of social neglect, which causes them to develop misbehavior (Kartono, 2005).
Social and cultural influence plays a vital role in the development and formation of student's misbehavior, the age where the misbehavior reach its peak is at the age of 15 to 19 years old, and after 22 years old, the lawbreaking rate subsided (Kartono, 2005, p. 7).
Generally, the student is understood to be in a transition period with a potential anti-social behavior, along with fluctuating emotion or chaotic psychology in adolescent phase.Every form of misbehavior that emerges is the result of the process of children's self-development which contain the following effort: sexual maturity, identity quest to maturity, overwhelming material ambition, and the lack of self-discipline.
Juvenile delinquency and some other types of student's misbehavior are usually related to aggressiveness.However, on the other side, there are students who are lacking in activity, they are called hypoactive, those types of student are generally not aggravating.People would have thought that they are simply shy or silent.Even some parents are pleased having a hypoactive child because they behave properly.Only on the adolescent phase they realized the lack of activities which causes the lack of peers, lack of hobbies, and intense dependency towards adults.Parents experience the feeling of unsettlement towards the child.The reaction is started from self-alienation which causes lack of activity (hypoactive).The reaction does not happen only on student with IQ below average, but also towards average students.The symptoms of hypoactive occurred a lot as a reaction of disappointment of their surroundings.
That disappointment emerges because parents are too demanding, parents that lacks of understanding, and friends that ignore them.They begin to understand that they don't want to be disturbed and become easily offended.Aside from disappointment, it can also be caused by genetic.People who tends to be silent and introverted will appear as a hypoactive amongst their fellow students.
Cultism is a belief to a certain cult or religion which rules is deviated from supposed belief.In Indonesia, there is always a religion that can be categorized this way from time to time such as "Mbah Suro" religion.Cult as one of the reaction of the social environment where there is no guide left to determine which one is right and which one is considered wrong.By choosing one social environment or by following a certain rule and dedicating self to the rules, students free themselves from further confusion (library.walisongo.ad.id).
Cultism usually disrupts and harm the involved society, thus there is a need to be aware of the symptoms if a student is involved in a cultism, some of them are: could no longer think dependently; every aspect is made relatable to the cult they believe in; showing an overwhelming royalty towards the cult to the point that they turn their back again their own family; perform a very specific religious rituals and usually dress in a definite and firm fashion; and all those matters are performed because of fear of the consequences of breaking the claimed rules.

Students and Social Interactions
Loyalty amongst fellow students are very intense whether it is to do positive activities or the negative ones.At this phase, students begin to seek for attention from their surroundings.They try to attain status and role as if a student in a small village.For example they will do a good job to collect funding and donation for the village if they are trusted to.If they are not given role and trust, they will perform activities to attract the attention of the society, if needed, they will even do a form of misbehavior such as fighting.Students will try to find a role outside of the house if their parents do not provide them with a role because they are valued as a kid.Parents fails to comprehend what is about to happen in the student's social live, they ought to be angry.It is due to the thought that the parents are the one who fed, raise, and pay for their tuition, and the child still does not do as they say, and their matters are put secondary.On the other hand the child will follow their friends better than their parents, even though it is considered incorrect.If they do not perform the exact same thing, they will feel a repression within their pride and it will lower their self-esteem.Because they are not understood by the parents or neglected by older siblings, they could join a social group that will acknowledge their existence.Within the group, students could release emotions that have been bundled up.To join such "group" or "gang" is a normal thing as long as it is kept under control (Daradjat, 1984).
Within the group, the students can fulfil their need to be understood, to be acknowledged, to be paid attention to, to look for the new experience, to achieve something, to have their status, pride, secure feeling be acknowledged, these things may or may not be attained from the family or the school.All form of pathological chaos within psychology and behavior is a reflection of a lifestyle implemented by socially unhealthy family.Every family who does not take their children into account will cause a personal psychological issue, it will also disrupt children's ability to adapt.Later, children will seek for compensation beyond the family to solve the psychological chaos within them.Concerning this, student's delinquency is a reaction towards issues and hardship that is faced by a child as a result of domestic issues (Kartono,n.d.,p. 62).
In doing religious activities, praying and so on, usually students are influenced by their friends.Therefore, the fellow students who are involved with a group that neglect religious value will sacrifice their belief to catch up with the fellow members of the group.Their status within the society, concepts and the opinion of adults around them is also involved in the personal development and the student's ability to adapt, furthermore it will also affect their religious routine.
Often times, in a society which shows lack of appreciation towards students, groups of students who appear to oppose the common values in the society will emerge to the surface, and their targets are religion and its institutions.However if religious institution is able to fill the hollowness within them and is able to provide them with appreciation and proper and firm status for them, they will actively be involved in religious activities.Especially if the institution is able to assist them to solve hardship they are facing (Daradjat, 1984).
As a student, when mingling, be acquaintance of students from opposite sex is inevitable.Their relationship is one of the "social security" for students.They are not hesitate to be neglected if they have friends that they can be dependent on, in this case they are faced to choices where they can go goofing around or to spend a Saturday night alone in their own house.Intense friendship causes parents to be concerned of their children.They felt that the situation is an improper one and the relationship between female and male students will end in a sexual relationship.This concern is not irrelevant, seeing the friends they made when they are confident with their ability to make friends.They need to understand the issues concerning sext, aside from the need of helps that concerns with behavioral range indicator.

Islam Dan Student's Guiding
Etymologically, iman means belief.Every person who has iman is able to direct it to whichever direction they want to.Iman possess a positive meaning.People may or may not believe something.That kind of iman dominates someone's rights.The Quran exist to direct human to project their iman properly and to the right direction, and to provide excellent formulation.
People are not always able to face the hardship that occurred to them and they are also not always succeeded in achieving their purpose even with well-planed, well-arranged and well-calculated effort.The same thing goes for student, they have experience psychological shock which is a process towards identity formation.Identity is yearned by students so that they will have an outlet to show their deepest potential within them.At this point, it is emphasized that religion and faith towards God is a fundamental need of one's soul which can provide help to release the knot from the emotional chaos that prevent them, and it can also help them to push away the newly grown sexual urges.For some vague reason, students are actually frightened by psychological torment and internal conflict.It is true that children that go through adolescent does not really concerned about matters like heaven and hell.Heaven, for them, is a symbol of tranquility and joy, while hell is a symbol of terrifying psychological tremor.At that knowledge-collecting phase, students are preoccupied with hell (psychological tremor) which bubbling up inside.They are no longer afraid of the concept of hell which takes place afterlife, they are too preoccupied with their own personal hell.

Associating in Islamic Manner
Human is a social creature, thus in order to fulfil their nature and needs, they need to cooperate with someone else.There is no a single person who are capable to live on their own without cooperation with someone else.Young Muslims who are in the quest to find their own identity and to reach maturity and responsibility, are encouraged to look for friends that could be beneficial for our life in this life or afterlife.A proper association are considered a good deed which can strengthen brotherhood/sisterhood relationship amongst Muslims and can also bestow us fortune in this life.Association, meeting, and friendship amongst youngsters are allowed as long as it does not cross the line of politeness and self-respect.A proper association is one that can keep out of the borderline of aurat that is forbidden to share.

Conclusion
In the accordance of the preceding elaboration which has been explained in the findings section, the following points can be concluded: Firstly, juvenile delinquency in this case is student's every behavior which oppose common rules and regulations (values and norms) which causes danger or harm to some other parties.According to the result of the research, it can be seen that juvenile delinquency that occurred in three vocational high schools located in Serang are caused by two factors, they are as following: Internal factor, which happens within the individual through self-internalization process in solving the problems that they encountered; and external factor that includes (a) student's lack of motivation to study, (b) the lack of the implementation of religious values, (c) resentment.While the cause of external factors are (a) the lack of attention from the family, (b) the lack of attention from the people in the school, (c) a bad economic condition, (d) provocation from parties outside of the school, and (e) associating with bad-influencing friends.Secondly, the role of the school in repressing juvenile delinquency in the tree vocational high schools are: as guiding media to prevent them to be involved with any misbehavior actions; as one of the path that could save the students from misconduct and the declining rate of morale by providing them with attention, educators, and education through deepening the religious guiding program; and also as a moral constructing institution with proper example by performing religious practices which is directed towards positive outcome.In order to resolve juvenile delinquency, the three vocational high schools in Serang chose to do a religious approach especially by dhikr which is based by the curative and preventive principle.

( 2 )
Lack of attention from the parents (3) Lack of surveillance from the parents (4) Influence from older playmates (5) The negative impact of rapid development of science and technology (6) Overboard freedom (7) Repressed feelings