Study on Education and Management of University Students in the New Period

At present, there exist a lot of unsatisfactory aspects in education and management of university students. Education and management of university students have to carry out the scientific outlook on development of people oriented so as to cultivate qualified constructers and reliable successors, which is the core, continually strengthen institutional establishment, improve quality of the teams, practically change the style of work, enhance the level of management, cultivate talents with high quality, promote rapid, healthy and coordinated development of universities and colleges, which all can offer guarantee of talents and intelligence for building a well-off society in all all-around way and facilitating establishment of socialist modernization.


Reinforcement of education and management of university students is the fundamental requirement to carry out the guidelines of CPC for education and practice the education spirit of CCP
The fundamental issue of education is what kind of people to cultivate and how to cultivate people.Hu Jintao has emphasized, "What kind of people to cultivate and how to cultivate people is a fundamental issue we have to resolve in an appropriate way in development of socialist education."Without doubt, with several years' efforts, universities are definite in the issue of direction of "what kind of people to cultivate", but much has been left to be desired in the issue of "how to cultivate people" although they have made great efforts and done a lot of work.
Further research and discussion is required in terms of thinking, approaches, methods and measures of guarantee, etc.The CCP has clearly mentioned, the primary task to reinforce the ideological and political education of university students is ideals and beliefs education, patriotism education, civic virtues education and quality-oriented education.However, as a result of inadequate education and management of university students, students in some universities do not cherish their lives, with weak legal consciousness, fragile psychological quality and insufficient social responsibility, which leads to security accidents, unstable factors and great social response.Although such cases are just a few, hyper vigilance has to be aroused.Value of life, legal constraint, psychological endurance and social responsibility are all baseline requirements of the society on university students.If they can not establish these basic ideological aspects, then they are unlikely to step into the society, participate in social competition and establish a harmonious interpersonal relationship.Hence, if the issue of "how to cultivate people" can not be resolved, then the issue of "what kind of people to cultivate" will also have to come to nothing.That is, if the basic issue of education and management can not be resolved, then it can not be guaranteed to realize the target to cultivate qualified professional persons and citizens who observe disciplines and obey laws and cultivate socialism constructors and successors.Therefore, universities have to commence from the overall height of carrying out the educational strategy of CCP and start with a socialism with Chinese characteristics of "education oriented and moral education first".In such a way, the society can fully recognize the extreme importance and urgent demand of strengthening education and management of current university students.
1.2 Reinforcement of education and management of university students is an important task to make students happy, their parents rest assured, let the society approve and a large majority of people gradually show satisfaction with higher education.
Education involves thousands of households, the people's livelihood and popular feelings, the social stability, the future of the nation and the rise and decline of the nation.Therefore, both the CCP and the nation has repeatedly emphasized on offering education all the people are satisfied with.Thousands of families deliver the heavy expect of "holding high hopes for their children" to the schools and the whole society places certain hope on education.At the current stage, quality-oriented education accepted before entering the university by students can not attain its due level.Besides, they have the feeling of uttering a sigh of relief after entry into the university.Thus, it is likely that they make detours once they do not know what attitude to take.Therefore, reinforcement of quality-oriented education should be conducted in universities.Good habits should be formed at the very beginning of military training after entry into the university, and subsequent course design and all sorts of school activities should be arranged, so as to make students successful in transiting their identity.Of course, due to all sorts of complicated causes, at present, there also exist some problems in running a school and some unsatisfactory aspects still exist in education and management of university students.For example, incidents of personal security of university students have caused great influences among university teachers and students, and also have aroused extensive focus of the whole society and high attention of the superior.In the process of investigation, it can be discovered that, many weak aspects and leaks exist in education and management of university students.Once an incident of injury and death occurs in a university, it may mean an incident of a millionth or several millionths, but may be one hundred percent to the family involved, which means end of happiness in a family.Thus, we have to enhance our awareness, carefully look for hidden troubles and inappropriate problems in management of the university, improve our standard with high requirements, stand in the position of taking responsibility for each university student, protecting and maintaining the reputation of the university and performing duties of educators, and regard reinforcement of education and management of university students as one of important tasks to grasp higher education.

Reinforcement of education and management of university students is a fundamental requirement to promote healthy growth of university students.
In recent years, the employment pressure of university students as a result of transition of the economic and social development has caused university students to reflect on their employment direction in the future at the time of entry into the university.The majority of university students fall into co-existence of demand on growth and vexation of growth and co-existence of aspiration of growth and perplexity of growth.Extremely complicated features appear in the psychological condition and thinking and moral condition of university students due to combination of all the following: pressure of the major, pressure of the life, pressure of employment, trouble of emotion, difficulty in interpersonal communication and perplexity of self recognition, together with influences of the general social mood, environment of public opinions and information of network.Thus, university students are faced up with quite a lot of problems in their growth.In addition, some students are lacking in personality quality, so some extreme psychological disposition appears among them, and even some trifle would lead to extreme behaviors, which is a common occurrence.Objectively speaking, existence of these problems can not all be attributed to responsibility of education the individuals, and the society and the families also should take certain responsibility.Quite a lot of problems which should have been resolved at the stage of elementary education should be resolved by the society and the family, but they are accumulated and passed down to universities.In face with such a situation, the university can neither go back to "settle old scores" with elementary education, nor push these problems back to the society and the family.On the contrary, universities should better promote quality-oriented education and lessen education pressure upon universities by vigorously promoting reform of elementary education, purifying the environment of social education and enhancing communication and coordination of universities and families.Furthermore, universities have to bear the responsibility of cultivating and educating healthy growth, success and stable step towards the society of university students.The university is the final station and final exit for university students before they march towards the society, for which educators and teachers should not shrink their responsibility.Thus, universities should strengthen education and management of university students from the perspective of promoting healthy growth of university students and enabling them to become valuable talents to the society.

Reinforcement of education and management of university students is the fundamental requirement to speed up development of universities, maintain the security and stability of the universities and establish benign order of school running.
The university is a place where intellectuals converge.Security and stability of universities means security and stability of the society.In order to finish such tasks of running a school as teaching, scientific research and social service, a university has to provide a stable and harmonious campus environment and teaching order.As is indicated in practice, once something happens in a university, the main attention of leaders and relevant departments of the university will be dragged, thinking and feelings of teachers, students and other staff may fluctuate and the media and the society will give clamours of comments, as a result of which the normal running of the university will be affected.If the university does not handle the problem in a correct way when faced up with pressure from public opinions, it is extremely likely to lead to escalation of contradiction and further chaos of thinking.Therefore, the university has to strengthen education and management of university students starting from keeping the overall stable situation and maintaining the environment of harmonious and well-organized running of the university.

Current prominent problems in education and management of university students
According to analysis of the investigation and research, there mainly exist the following several aspects in the prominent problems in education and management of university students: 2.1 Some universities do not lay great emphasize on education and management of university students.
The phenomena of "emphasis on intellectual education and neglect of moral education, and emphasis on teaching and research and neglect of management" and "to say is the most important, to do is the secondary and to be busy is not rejected" still exist to different degrees.In resolution of some specific difficulties and problems in the ideological and political education of university students, there exist the phenomena of being reluctant to invest, grudging to invest or inappropriate investment.Some universities still haven't set up a long-acting mechanism for education and management of university students.There are also the phenomena of unclear functions between departments, leaks in management and "two layers of skins" in education and management, and the work pattern of close cooperation and co-management among different departments has not been formed.Both communication and contact between the university and families and the society and role of social educational resources have defectiveness, and the job of "education orientation and moral education first" has not been fully practiced.

The team of education and management can not satisfy requirements of education and management of university students.
The spirit of educational documents by CCP has definite requirements for allocation of the team of ideological and political education of university students.Some universities do not allocate the team in accordance with requirements or do not attain the requirements.Some universities even do not have instructors, and only have class advisers to replace instructors.

The overall development of psychological and healthy education of university students is not balanced.
For the time being, a large majority of universities pay special attention to the psychological and healthy education and some universities throw necessary investment into personnel allocation and construction of psychological and healthy education institutions.However, there are still some universities that do not put adequate emphasis on psychological and healthy education, and consider psychological and healthy education not indispensable, passively setting up temporary institutions just for dealing with examination.Some universities equal psychological and healthy education to other psychological and healthy activities.They just conduct a psychological test on newcomers, and no fixed or part-time remedial teachers are offered for psychological counseling.Even some universities turn the job of psychological counseling and guidance totally to instructors and class advisers, and can not conduct effective counseling or persuasion to students, which leads to the result that students who have trouble in psychology can not get timely and effective help.Compared with what is required, quite a lot of universities do not provide psychological and healthy education expenditure or are inadequate in expenditure investment.The following issues still exist in the entire teaching team of psychological and healthy education: inadequate quantity, low professional level, unpractical wages and unstable teaching team.

The early warning and emergency management organization system in some universities is not sound and the comprehensive coordination capacity is weak.
According to requirements by the superior, universities have all made corresponding emergency response to the perniciousness, expansibility and uncertainty of all sorts of emergency incidents.However, considering incidents in some universities, the particular executors are even unfamiliar with emergency measures at the last moment, lacking in drill and passive in the job.Emergency organizations in some universities are mostly temporary, which also makes the comprehensive coordination capacity of the universities seem weak in the situation of emergency incidents.

The consciousness of risk in management according to law is not strong and construction of mechanism in the aspect of management of dealing with emergency incidents according to law is not adequate.
For example, security education, standardized mechanism of safety management, risk of being involved in law, resolution mechanism of cooperation and mechanism of sharing liabilities, etc.

To practically strengthen leadership and to firmly establish the principle of running of a school "people oriented"
To insist on people oriented is an important characteristics to run well a modern first-class university.A university should commence from the perspective of cultivating university students with morality and competence and feasibly strengthen leadership in education and management of university students.The university should intensify the idea of education oriented and moral education first and assume the political responsibility in a feasible way.The Party Committee should further confirm the responsibility system of "first in command" and the system of "one should be responsible who is in charge", make perfect the leadership system, select competent cadres to form effective work mechanism and provide system guarantee and expenditure support for better development of the work.In addition, the school should draw up effective measures in combination with the practice of the school, and meanwhile, reinforce supervision and examination and grasp the work of putting into practice at different levels.It should mobilize, organize and converge power from all aspects of the school, mobilize all positive factors, form join forces and do well together the ideological and political education and management of university students.

To bring the role of the ideological and political education as a main channel into full play
A university should reinforce construction of ideological and political theory course and situation and policy course, conduct ideal and belief education, legal and moral education and anti-heresy penetration education on university students in a vivid and flexible way, and lead university students to establishing correct outlook on life and correct values.Not only cadres and instructors, but also course instructors of all courses in the university should be responsible for teaching and educating students, take a highly responsible attitude, being a model of virtue for others and teaching by personal example as well verbal instruction, and exert unconscious influences on university students with good morality, character and personality and play well the role of imparting knowledge and educating people.

To build benign education environment and atmosphere
A university should create conditions to strengthen and improve construction of campus culture and escalate spirit of the university.We should strengthen the construction of teachers' morals and teachers' morale and practically standardize the teachers' morals.We should reinforce human quality education and scientific spirit education and cultivate healthy and lovely attitude of university students with a perfect style of learning.We should make full use of significant festivals and special days as well as anniversaries to conduct some rich entertainment and sports so as to enhance participation of university students and activate the university campus.Especially, we should strengthen the establishment of the special website of ideological and political education of university students and build the website into a ideological battle field that university students are delighted to hear and see and into a platform for education and guidance on daily behaviors of university students.

To do well the psychological and healthy education on university students
A university should make well a general investigation, set up psychological assistance, really resolve psychological and practical problems of university students and do not let go any clue so as to avoid happening of extreme incidents.The university should examine fragile aspects in the work and feasibly resolve prevention and intervene of psychological crisis of university students.It should check early, discover early and intervene early, conduct the task deeply, carefully, practically and thoroughly, and try to control and lessen happening of emergency incidents.It should conduct well persuasion and prevention in psychological issues among the important groups of newcomers, graduating students, needy students and students in a broken family, etc.

To do well the employment job on university students
At present, employment situation in universities is still severe.We have to grasp all opportunities, help students analyze the current employment situation, provide ideological education on them, support their employment in grass-root and first-line organizations, encourage students to seek for a job at different levels and "hold on to one job while seeking a better one", or encourage self-employment.The university should positively organization and conduct all sorts of lectures and symposia, set up practice platforms in and out of class through several channels, invite successful schoolfellows and excellent graduates to come back to introduce experiences for students at school, let students play the role of advising others by using one's own experience", and help graduates update employment idea and broaden their employment thinking.

To strengthen security education and management on university students
Considering the subject of guaranteeing students' happy and secure life and promoting their healthy growth, a university should strengthen daily education and management of university students.The university should reinforce the attendance management of university students at school, strictly standardize the attendance job and get in contact with fellows or parents of students who do not return at the end of a holiday, leave school without any reason or can not be contacted temporarily and give feedback information to relevant functional departments.The university should strictly carry out the early warning system among trouble-maker students and pay special attention to these problematic students.The school should focus on security management of the students dormitories, do well the education of safety precaution awareness among university students, and should especially prohibit the phenomena of illegal operation and use of illegal electrical appliances and controlled knives.The school should give special attention to the phenomena of not returning at night and off-campus housing, etc.It should play the leading role of backbone among students and intensify the process of their self education and self management.

To reinforce construction of the team of instructors and construction of the team of psychological and healthy education
Instructor is the backbone power for ideological and political education and management of university students.An instructor works at the front line of ideological and political education and management of university students, and plays an irreplaceable role among university students.We should try to adopt feasible and effective measures to build a team of instructors with high quality and high level of "being strong in politics, proficient in profession, strict in discipline and upright in style of work".

To intensify governance surrounding the campus
The university should take the initiative to cooperate with the public security department, do well the governance and rectification of the surrounding environment of the campus and strengthen the comprehensive governance vigor to important positions and environment.The school should further rectify occasions which are harmful to healthy growth of university students, and help university students to keep away from pornographic, gambling and drug occasions.At the same time, the school should also strengthen security education of university students and enable them to reinforce security consciousness, self protection awareness and self management awareness.

To do well the prevention of legal risk in management of emergency incidents on university students
A university should make clear legal relationship between the university and students according to law and make explicit specific legal liability of university students in emergency incident.The school should set up liability standardization system for management of emergency incidents among university students, confirm all sorts of legal liabilities and obligations of the university in preventing and dealing with emergency incidents and in legal risks caused and govern the school according to law in order to prevent legal liability risk caused by leaks in management.
All in all, at present, there still exist many problems in education and management of university students.Although the situation is still far from being satisfactory, it is manifestation of problems in the process of development.We ought to come to rational realization, strengthen our confidence, neither exaggerate nor avoid any problem, further intensify in-depth study on education and management of university students, continue to go into deep exploration, increase vigor of relevant work, refuse any accumulated contradiction, resolve these problems that appear at the stage of development, and eliminate them in their infancy so as to realize scientific and effective development of education and management of university students.