Hypoglycemic Effect of Orally Delivered Insulin Nanoparticles Compared to Subcutaneous Recombinant Human Soluble Insulin in Hyperglycemic Male Rats

Ghasak Kais Abd-Alhussain; Mohammed Qasim Alatrakji; Shayma'a Jamal Ahmed

doi:10.54133/ajms.v5i1S.360

Authors

Ghasak Kais Abd-Alhussain Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2958-4954
Mohammed Qasim Alatrakji Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Shayma'a Jamal Ahmed Department of Human Biology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-3260

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v5i1S.360

Keywords:

Drug delivery system, Hypoglycemic rats, Insulin nanoparticles, Polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer, Polyethylene glycol-polylactide-polyethylene glycol

Abstract

Background: Insulin is available as an injectable drug and remains the mainstay of therapy. Researchers have attempted to develop an oral formulation of insulin, particularly utilizing nanoparticles (NPs). Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of insulin-loaded D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)-emulsified PEG-capped PLGA NP in comparison to insulin-loaded PLGA NP and subcutaneous (SC) insulin in an in vitro and in vivo diabetic rat model. Methods: Two biocompatible and biodegradable NPs were used, in which 20 IU/kg of recombinant human soluble insulin was incorporated. NP1 was PLGA-loaded with human insulin, while NP2 was PLGA-PEG-TPGS-loaded with human insulin. The physical characteristics of the NPs were examined in an in vitro and in vivo study on a hyperglycemic rat model for a 24-hour duration. Results: For the first 3 hours, SC insulin showed a better reduction in serum glucose levels (SG) compared to both NP1 and NP2. A smooth, sustained reduction in SG was observed and maintained till the end of 24 hours with both NPs. NP1 maintained SG reduction for 6 hours before experiencing an increase, while NP2 demonstrated superior sustained reduction in SG beyond the 12-hour evaluation period. Conclusions: PLGA-PEG-TPGS NP can act as a potential carrier for oral insulin delivery and maintain good glycemic control for up to 24 hours.

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