Oregon Historical Quarterly

Abstract:

Who was the true son of Toy Kee? In this Research Files essay, author Trish Hackett Nicola explores the lives of two young men of Chinese descent who both claimed to U.S. immigration officials that they were Toy Kee's son. While the article explores the fate of these two individuals, there are thousands more similar stories held in Chinese Exclusion Act case files held in the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Through U.S. immigration documentation and witness statements, Nicola documents how enforcement of the Exclusion Act limited the ability of Chinese laborers to enter, or re-enter, the United States as well as the efforts people made to navigate, and sometimes subvert, the system.

Abstract:

《重探 Toy Kee 真正的儿子：排华法案案卷中记录的华人移民和联邦官僚机构》

谁才是 Toy Kee 真正的儿子？在这篇研究档案文章中，作者 Trish Hackett Nicola 探讨了两个华裔年轻人的人生，他们都向美国移民局官员自称是 Toy Kee 的儿子。这篇文章探讨的是两个人的命运，但在美国国家档案和记录管理局 (NARA) 留存的《排华法案》案卷中，类似的故事还有成千上万。参照美国移民文件和证人证词，Nicola 记载了《排华法案》的施行如何限制了华工入境或返归美国，以及华人如何努力驾驭、有时甚至是破坏这一制度。