Abstract: This paper raises a fundamental question and offers an original framework on war and peace arguments based on primarily examining contributions in the field of war and economic thought after World War II. Among the prominent figures in this field, I select three thinkers in the field of economic thought, E. Schumacher, J. Galbraith, and K. Boulding, who present-ed their own systematic visions of a peaceful society. The fundamental question on war and peace raised here is, how we receive the principles of bios and eros, and of prosperity, from an ideally peaceful situation, wherein the nature of peace is defined as “the negation of bios” (i.e., the principle of death）. In order to examine this question, I propose an original frame-work and define the concepts of war and peace using categories of conflict and violence. 　　In light of this fundamental question, in this paper, I reveal the contributions of the three thinkers to our understanding of creating a peaceful world. First, I present the background and explain the reasons for selecting these three figures. Second, I present the fundamental question and my theoretical framework to explore the responses of the three thinkers to the question. Finally, I clarify their responses and present an overview of their contributions to-wards a peaceful society. JEL classification numbers: B 20, B 52, P 40.