abstract |
At the
time of the creation of the Mykhailivska Tsilyna
Nature Reserve (1928), it was a completely forestless
steppe area with an area of 202.2 hectares. Presumably,
17 mammal species from 11 families and five orders
were distributed in its territory, and one species
(steppe marmot) had already disappeared. Of them,
seven species belonged to the steppe faunal core,
three species were confined to floodplain meadows,
six species were widespread and one species was
domestic. Fifteen species occurred permanently and
two species were recorded with a varying frequency.
In the early 1950s, substantial changes took place
in and around the nature reserve. A ditch was dug
around the perimeter of the reserve and a forest
belt was planted. Two much bigger and deeper ponds
were created on the site of a small pond. A house
and a brick stable were built on the steppe area,
and apple trees and an alley of ornamental shrubs
were planted. After the reserve was granted republican
status in 1947, its environmental protection regime
changed, and this had a notable impact on the vegetation.
After grazing and mowing were banned, a thick layer
of dead plant remains on the ground surface, reaching
5–10 cm in thickness, appeared in most of the reserve’s
territory. At that time, an absolute protected regime
was established on an area of about 100 hectares.
The rest of the area was periodically mowed. In
the early 1980s, the ponds were heavily overgrown
with aquatic and wetland vegetation, and the banks
were overgrown with trees and bushes. Fish were
introduced into the ponds. The woody vegetation
in the forest belt also grew substantially and became
dense. Since 1998, the nature protection regime
in the reserve has changed: the «periodically mowed
steppe» was mown annually for four years, and there
was a break in the fifth year. All this affected
the fauna and mammal population of the reserve.
In 2009, the area of the reserve was increased to
880 hectares. As a result, three new ponds appeared
on its territory. As of 2023, 31 mammal species
from 16 families and five orders were recorded here.
Of them, three species belong to steppe species,
two to hydrophilic species, four to forest species,
17 species are widespread, three species were confined
to floodplain meadows and two species was domestic.
21 species occur permanently in the reserve, 10
species visit the reserve regularly (one synanthropic
species settles in during the warm period of the
year). |
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