Learning from the Past , Planning for the Future

Ever since the National Planning Policy Framework hove into view, it has been polarising opinions, either for or against this most radical shake up of UK planning policy since just after the Second World War. Suddenly, what was a highly (some say over) complex system of thousands of pages of detailed planning guidance has been simplified to a 58 page document, which has been through a year of consultation before coming into law. It is interesting to consider how the NPPF is now being viewed and applied in different contexts. Flatman and Perring’s paper explores the potential (positive and negative) impacts of the NPPF on archaeological practice, in terms of conservation, but also in social and cultural terms – the fear being that, without the proper requirements in place, archaeological evidence may at best be conserved, but without sufficient capacity to research, understand and integrate its meaning for us and our future. RESET Development advocates working with nature, for the ecological adaptation of the built environment. The UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005 assessed the world’s ecosystems and found almost every one of them to be damaged, if not in rapid and severe decline. The conclusion was this: that the capacity of the earth – our natural life support system to maintain human life beyond 2050 was in doubt. RESET’s emphasis therefore is advocating working with nature to increase our resilience to the impacts of climate shocks, and impending economic and resource shortages, but also to maintain and restore the ecosystems on which we rely for the benefit of ourselves and future generations. It is interesting to see the parallels between this article on archaeological concerns and issues raised in consultation to the NPPF from built environment circles. The potential to lose knowledgeable people from local authorities through austerity measures is common to both. But the NPPF itself also tends to place the emphasis on product over process – the hard stuff. There is too little value placed on the multi-functionality that the hard stuff does or is capable of doing: that nature doesn’t just give either as green roofs and walls, rain gardens, street trees, bioswales, parks and gardens for climate adaptation, or the cultural and social identity and understanding to be gained from the process of understanding of archaeological heritage. So how might planning policy better understand and incorporate the value of integrating nature? Amongst other things, the Natural Environment White Paper currently going through parliament calls for ‘bigger, better, more and joined’ places where nature can thrive, ecological networks and sites, in towns and cities as much as in the non-urban PIA Volume 22 (2012), 33-34 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pia.399


Celebrity support
The year in development

Executive board
Photographs copyright International Animal Rescue unless otherwise indicated. Photographs were all taken at International Animal Rescue centres or IAR-funded sanctuaries. Front cover: rescued baby Javan gibbon, Indonesia. Editor: Lis Key. Design and production: Aura Beckhöfer-Fialho.
Printed by Pureprint Group, using electricity generated from 100% renewable sources and vegetable oil based inks, on environmentally friendly recycled paper kindly supplied by Premier Paper.
"Each and every one of us has the ability to look at an animal and see if that animal is in pain. And if an animal is in pain, surely if we are human -if we are caring, thinking people -surely it is our responsibility to try to do whatever we can to stop that suffering." John Hicks, Founder of International Animal Rescue

International Animal Rescue
International Animal Rescue was first registered as a charity in the UK in September 1989;in Goa, India in 1998;in the US in 2001 andIndonesia in 2006. IAR is a relatively small, hands-on charity that comes to the aid of animals in distress, whether they are endangered primates caught up in the pet trade in Indonesia or stray dogs fighting for survival on the streets of India. In all that we do we aim to find lasting solutions that benefit both animals and people.

How it all began
John Hicks, founder of International Animal Rescue, started his animal welfare career after having trained as a specialist dog trainer in the British Royal Army Veterinary Corps. John, who is a strict vegetarian, has been at the forefront of many animal welfare campaigns against a wide range of animal abuse but is particularly known for his successful campaigns against the fur trade, hunting and vivisection. He grew up in Worthing, Sussex and throughout his childhood helped an elderly neighbour, Violet Tillyer, look after her pets. Over the years Miss Tillyer came to look on John as her own son and in her latter years gave John a generous gift that enabled him to establish an animal sanctuary in Devon and to register International Animal Rescue with the UK Charity Commission. When Miss Tillyer died John used her legacy to fulfil his dream of being able to help animals around the world and in particular in India.
John concentrated on setting up a project in Goa, India, to control the stray dog population. Alan Knight, a lifelong friend and local businessman who was a founding trustee of IAR, helped him to draw up a business plan and set out the mission and goals of the charity. As had long been his intention, John then moved permanently to Goa where, although now officially retired, he oversees the local projects and is chairman of IAR, Goa. Alan then successfully applied for the role of CEO and established the UK head office in East Sussex in August 2001 together with two additional members of staff.
As the Goa project became established there was a critical need for the charity to set up good administrative systems and develop a fundraising strategy to secure its future. A major fundraising drive resulted in a database of new supporters and sufficient funds to develop the Goa veterinary clinic and rescue centre, and to establish two further centres in southern India in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
The project has been highly successful in reducing the stray dog populations in these areas. All animals treated at the centres are vaccinated against rabies which still claims the lives of thousands of people a year in India. This incurable disease is transmitted mainly by stray dogs.
The Goa centre (called Animal Tracks after the original sanctuary in Devon) is licensed under the Animal Birth Control (ABC) grant system introduced by Maneka Gandhi MP, a passionate animal welfare campaigner and a patron of International Animal Rescue. IAR has treated more than 85,000 animals in India during the last nine years including dogs, cats, wildlife such as monkeys, snakes and birds, as well as the sacred cows that wander the streets and beaches. Thanks to the ongoing support of the public and volunteers and staff, the charity has continued to grow and take on new projects, such as funding the dancing bear sanctuaries in India and the primate rescue and rehabilitation centre in Indonesia. IAR founder John Hicks.
Some of the team in Goa. start a new life without their dancing bear, we are giving them something else too -a greater understanding of the animals that share their world and the chance to treat them differently. Similarly, in Goa our clinic shows local people that healthy dogs are not to be feared and that diseases like rabies can be effectively and humanely eradicated without killing every dog in sight. In Indonesia too, our team is teaching people that primates belong in the wild and don't make good pets. We are assisting people on a practical level by relieving them of their captive primates, and also teaching them that these longsuffering animals deserve to live in the wild as nature intended.
So the past year has certainly flown by -but sadly not for all of us. How long must a day seem to a pet monkey staring out through the bars of its cage or a dancing bear tethered by its nose at the roadside? How long are the hours for a starving dog dying on the streets of India? These are grim thoughts, I know, but they were at the heart of all our efforts in 2007 and they are the painful images driving us to achieve even bigger and better things during the year ahead. I fervently hope that you will be joining us.
Thank you.

Alan Knight OBE Chief Executive International Animal Rescue
It doesn't take long to learn that you get nowhere by alienating people -and that, in many cases, if you take time to explain what the problem is and enlist people's help rather than antagonise them, you are more likely to win their support. And the more people we have on our side, the more successful we can be.
Last but not least are the dedicated individuals working 'hands on' for International Animal Rescue on our various projects around the world and those people giving them administrative support from within the office. People working in animal rescue and rehabilitation soon become experts at problem-solving and at overcoming setbacks and disappointments. Then of course there are the huge numbers of volunteers who willingly give up their time to help out in all kinds of ways, from playing with abandoned puppies to carrying out complex dental work on a bear with a sore head! Of course at International Animal Rescue relationships don't just involve people. Some of the most important relationships that people build are with the animals themselves, and that is undoubtedly why so many of our volunteers return time and time again. While we do our best to help suffering animals, they in turn make our lives so much richer. Most of us know that the company of an animal is excellent therapy for all kinds of physical and psychological conditions. And we can learn so much from them -the stoicism and courage of the animals we encounter is humbling. And their ability to leave their pain behind and emerge with a new zest for life is a lesson to us all. The animals we help give so much back simply by the way they respond to the care and the love that we give them. I like to think too, that when we help people like the Kalandar communities in India and give them the means to

Introduction by Alan Knight OBE
What a difference a year makes! The last twelve months have flown by and it's hard to believe it's already time to pause and review our efforts and achievements during 2007. So many things changed during that time: the expansion of the Agra bear sanctuary got well under way and by the end of the year the number of rescued bears had risen to 420.
During 2007 we also built an entire rescue and rehabilitation centre on the island of Java to care for primates saved from the pet trade. It's amazing sometimes how quickly the germ of an idea can grow and develop into a plan, then the plan becomes a project and -as long as the proper foundations have been laid and everyone involved is committed to seeing things through -the project progresses and becomes a success, and that success sparks off new enthusiasm and new ideas for the future.
At International Animal Rescue we put great emphasis on relationships, and we recognise the value of those relationships in so many areas of our work. First and foremost, we acknowledge the vital role that our supporters play. In return for their loyalty and generosity, we try to keep them abreast of progress and engage them as fully as possible in our activity. We're doing this more and more via the website and by communicating electronically. Email enables us to contact people almost instantly, and gives them the same easy access to us. This means we receive the opinions of our supporters as soon as they voice them and we take their views and concerns seriously.
Other vital relationships involve the many non-government and government groups that we work with, and the numerous passionate individuals who share our determination to help suffering animals.
Tanja Larsen and Custard in Goa.
Alan Knight and rescued bear.

Cutting free the dancing bears of India
In last year's Annual Review we reported that our Indian partners Wildlife SOS had rescued more than 300 bears by the end of 2006. By December 2007, thanks to the support of International Animal Rescue, they had rescued 420 bears, more than half of which were housed in the Agra sanctuary. A second sanctuary in Bannerghatta near Bangalore and a temporary holding centre in Bhopal -both also funded by IAR -were caring for the other bears.
Rescued bears fighting fit in Agra.
24 December 2007 saw the fifth anniversary of the Agra Bear Rescue Facility and we all marvelled at how much the project had grown in just a few years. The end of 2007 also marked another milestone: with an estimated 400 dancing bears still on the streets, we had already rescued more than half of all the dancing bears in India! During 2007 International Animal Rescue contributed almost £400,000 towards the costs of this key project. These included bear rescues, kalandar rehabilitation, food and veterinary treatment for the bears in the sanctuary, as well as the building of new dens and enclosures.

Agra expansion
The long-awaited expansion of the Agra sanctuary got off to an excellent start thanks to the kindness of our supporters and a number of grant-making trusts in the UK and US. Most notable among these was a grant of £50,000 from the Rufford Maurice Laing Foundation specifically towards the expansion. This generous award meant we were able to enclose the new land with a trench and a parallel line of electric power fencing. Corrugated sheeting was also erected as a temporary visual barrier around the site, with something more solid and permanent planned for a later stage.
We had taken the decision during the early days of planning the Agra expansion that we would start putting rescued bears on the land as soon as it was enclosed, even though at that point the site would still be fairly barren. In spite of the lack of trees and other environmental enrichment, we all agreed that the bears would be infinitely better off on the new land than still walking the streets on the end of a rope. The rescued bears were only moved onto the new land after they had Bears released onto the new land. undergone initial veterinary treatment and quarantine at the clinic within the main sanctuary.

Ecotourism and education
The challenge of having to feed and care for the rescued bears for the rest of their lives is never far from our minds. We are already exploring sustainable fundraising options such as the development of ecotourism at the sanctuaries. The layout of the new site in Agra is being designed with ecotourism in mind so that it will contain walkways and viewing platforms to observe the bears without disturbing them.
One of our key aims at International Animal Rescue is to educate people in the more compassionate treatment of animals. Wildlife SOS employs a dedicated PR and Education Officer at the Agra sanctuary who gives talks in schools and conducts tours at the centre. The sanctuary now contains a visitor and education centre where people can learn about the project and about how sloth bears live in the wild.

Chinese delegation
During May 2007 the Agra sanctuary hosted a delegation of senior officials from the People's Republic of China. The group was in Agra as part of a four-day visit to India for the first meeting of a Working Group on the India-China Forestry Cooperation Agreement. They were given a guided tour of the sanctuary to meet the rescued bears, followed by a presentation on how India has provided a holistic solution to the centuries-old practice of 'dancing' them. The delegation was accompanied by senior officers from the Indian Ministry of the Environment and Forests. The visitors were clearly impressed by what they saw and it was hoped that, on returning home, they would be moved to intervene on behalf of the thousands of Asiatic black bears suffering terrible cruelty on bile farms throughout China.

Behavioural research
The Agra facility is the largest sanctuary in the world for rescued sloth bears. It provides excellent opportunities for research into the bears' behaviour and habits, and several MSc students from Europe have carried out studies there. In particular, during 2007 we continued to work with the Royal (Dick) Veterinary School in Edinburgh. Two students spent three months in Agra setting up and testing all kinds of environmental enrichment for blind and sighted bears, leading to MSc degrees in animal welfare. Following pioneering dental work carried out on some of the bears a study was also conducted into the effects of the surgery on the bears' behaviour.
International Animal Rescue is keen to offer opportunities to students from universities around the world to assist them with their studies and also to ensure that the bears are enjoying the best quality of life that we can provide.

Tiger dental surgery
IAR and WSOS now have two fully equipped veterinary surgeries -one in Agra and a second at the Bannerghatta sanctuary which was built with financial assistance from supporters of the Born Free Foundation so that the tigers in their sanctuary nearby can also receive the best veterinary care. Both clinics have dental x-ray machines and full gas anaesthetic machines, allowing complex surgery to be carried out.
During the year news of our successful dental work on the bears filtered through to a government-run rescue centre for ex-circus animals in Bannerghatta. Our vet in Bannerghatta was asked to give his expert opinion on open wounds on two tigers that were clearly in considerable pain. After examination, the vet concluded that they had infected canine teeth which, if left untreated, would lead to septicaemia and could even prove fatal.
Thankfully, our two dental experts, veterinary dentist Lisa Milella and dentist Paul Cassar volunteered their time to go to Bannerghatta where, working with the Indian vets based there, they successfully operated on the tigers which both made a full recovery and are now free from pain.

Bear cub rescue
In support of efforts by the police to crackdown on wildlife crime in India, Wildlife SOS runs an undercover investigative team to combat the poaching of bear cubs from the wild. Their network of informers helped to rescue several cubs during 2007 which are now being reared in the Agra and Bannerghatta sanctuaries.
One of these cubs was so young when it was snatched from the wild that its eyes were still closed when it was confiscated. Tragically, another cub of only a few months old had suffered the agony of having her delicate muzzle pierced with a burning needle before she was rescued. Her front canine teeth had also been crudely knocked out with an iron bar.
Both rescue centres now have specialist facilities dedicated to the care and rearing of young sloth bear cubs. We are working on developing methods of reintroducing hand-reared cubs back into the wild so that they have the necessary skills to fend for themselves and protect themselves from predators.

Resolving human-animal conflict
In India, conflicts between people and animals are a growing problem as humans encroach more and more into wildlife habitats, making releasing wild animals even more problematic.
During 2007, with backing from International Animal Rescue, Wildlife SOS ran a series of two-day training workshops in collaboration with the Jammu and Kashmir Wildlife Protection Department to equip officers with the skills to relocate wildlife that strays into areas of human habitation. Kashmir had been in the news for the brutal killing of black bears and leopards by angry mobs when the animals strayed into local villages.
Officers from the Wildlife Department, the Forest Department and the Police received training in the use of tranquillising equipment, trapping methods, relocating wildlife, crowd control and community participation. International Animal Rescue is delighted to support important workshops like these which take a positive and pragmatic approach to resolving the issue of human and animal conflict in India.
Veterinary dentist Lisa Milella and IAR trustee and dentist Paul Cassar operate on a tiger.
Rescued bear cub enjoying life in Agra.

Rescuing and rehabilitating primates in Indonesia
During 2007 International Animal Rescue commenced and completed construction of an entire primate rehabilitation centre in Ciapus, near Bogor on the island of Java.
Surrounded by rainforest on the edge of a national park, the land was provided by local residents Mr and Mrs Tjandra who called on the IAR team to help them with a pet macaque. In a typical case a baby monkey had been sold to them as an appealing bundle of fur but grown into a strong, vigorous adult. Mr Tjandra and his family could no longer cope with the animal and were delighted when the IAR team took it off their hands, while assuring them that it would come to no harm. Mr and Mrs Tjandra subsequently offered IAR the beautiful site in Ciapus where the rescue centre has been built and they have become generous friends and supporters of International Animal Rescue's work in Indonesia.

New rescue centre
The new centre was built with extraordinary speed. By the end of the year its pristine new veterinary surgery only needed large items such as an x-ray and anaesthetic machine to make it fully equipped. It will even be used to explore ways of replacing the canine teeth of rescued lorises so they can be released back into the wild. There are spacious primate socialisation enclosures, a public education centre, accommodation for volunteers and visitors and a viewing platform for observing and monitoring the animals undergoing rehabilitation. Set apart from the other buildings are quarantine enclosures for new or sick animals.
The education centre is stocked with leaflets, posters and information panels, as well as a data projector, television and DVD player. An education officer has been appointed and is already giving talks to local schools.

Scientific surveys
As a result of International Animal Rescue's research partnership with Oxford Brookes University, two students from the Nocturnal Primate Research Group visited the centre during 2007 and carried out surveys of wild loris populations in the area surrounding the centre. Further study projects have been agreed that will look at various issues, including the viability of breeding from lorises that can't be returned to the wild and releasing their young into suitable sites.

Macaque and raptor release
At the beginning of May the team in Indonesia relocated and released eight white-bellied sea eagles, three Brahminy kites and five macaques. The birds had been living in the very basic rescue centre of Sukabumi. The macaques had originally been rescued in Jakarta and brought over to the centre in Sukabumi to be socialised in 2006.
The birds were taken for release to Kotok island which lies within the Thousand Islands National Park north of Jakarta. Of the eight Brahminy kites, one had been in the team's care for three years, while their newest arrival had been with them for five months. They were all ready for release after being extensively observed and monitored by volunteer students, some of them from the University of Biology in Jakarta. It was some while after the cage was opened before any of the raptors made their first flight to freedom, and in fact the last bird didn't leave until the following day -long after all the local media had left!
The release site for the macaques was a further three hours away by boat. On arrival, they were put in a release cage in the northern part of the island where they spent three days adapting to the new environment and getting used to the different foods. When the time was up, the cage was opened and they had their first taste of freedom.
The macaques were observed for several weeks after release to ensure they had settled in to their new environment. They were all seen to have adapted well to their freedom, spending their time exploring, swimming, grooming and playing, just as wild monkeys do. It was a great joy for everyone in the team to see animals that have little or no experience of life in the wild coping so well with their new surroundings and living and behaving as nature intended.
Macaque in rehabilitation enclosure.
New primate rehabilitation centre.

Tackling the illegal trade in slow lorises
In June 2007 the slow loris was upgraded from Appendix II to Appendix I at the meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). While species listed on Appendix II may be commercially traded, species on Appendix I are recognised as highly endangered and may not be traded for primarily commercial purposes. In spite of the legislation, slow lorises are frequently smuggled from Sumatra by wildlife dealers and sold in their hundreds in the pet markets in Jakarta.
A month after the loris was uplisted by CITES, 26 slow lorises were confiscated by Forestry Officers from a smuggler in southern Sumatra. By the time they were discovered 13 of them were already dead. Also hidden in the back of the smuggler's car were three dead baby macaques, a small baby surili which died soon after confiscation, civets, tortoises and crocodiles.
Most of the female lorises with nursing young died before they were found. After being caught from the wild, the animals had been left without food, water and even sufficient air to breathe. The infants were also in very poor condition and the sickest and weakest died in the weeks that followed. However, the survivors received ten weeks of intensive care from staff at the Forestry Department Rescue Centre in Lampung, assisted by the International Animal Rescue team in Indonesia and two IAR research students from Oxford Brookes University in the UK. Seven of the lorises survived -two mothers and five infants -and grew healthy and strong, gaining up to three times their original weight. They were eventually returned to the wild in a beautiful piece of rainforest known as Batutegi. The area had been given protected status after the release of two groups of pigtailed macaques in 2006 which was also carried out by International Animal Rescue.
The smuggler, who is being prosecuted by the authorities, was on his way to Jakarta to sell the animals to local market traders and international exporters. According to the Wildlife Conservation Society 1400 lorises a year are trafficked between Sumatra and Java.
When Alan Knight visited Indonesia in November, he witnessed terrible cruelty inflicted on a slow loris in an animal market in Jakarta. The photos he took showed a market trader cutting down the teeth of a terrified loris with nail clippers to render it defenceless.
This brutal practice is common among wildlife dealers in Indonesia who sell lorises in markets or at the roadside, and many of them die from the trauma or from infection within days of capture.
Five more lorises were found in tiny rusting cages behind the scenes at the market. Naturally shy and nocturnal, the poor animals should have been sleeping in the trees in the Sumatran jungle and were visibly suffering in the bright sunlight and the extreme heat.
In spite of his immediate instinct to step in and stop the animal's suffering, it was vital that Alan should get proof that these rare and vulnerable primates were being tortured and sold in the markets. It was all worthwhile when the trader was subsequently arrested and the lorises were confiscated by the Jakarta police. Released pigtailed macaques enjoying their freedom.

Report from Goa
International Animal Rescue was first established in India in 1998 when John Hicks and his wife Jo set up a project in the popular tourist destination of Goa on the west coast. Their aim was to reduce the terrible suffering of the stray dog and cat populations by introducing a sterilisation and vaccination programme and helping the sick and injured. By the end of 2007 the project had sterilised and treated more than 85,000 animals.

The past year
During 2007 we continued to make excellent progress with our work reducing the numbers -and hence the suffering -of the stray dog and cat populations in Goa. However, in spite of our success, the root causes of the problem remain the same and can only be addressed by a change in attitudes and behaviour, both of local people and of well-intentioned tourists.
The number of stray dogs in Goa is partly a result of too much breeding among healthy dogs. During the tourist season, which runs from the end of November until mid May, strays enjoy a good life and get plenty to eat. This means that at the end of the season there are large numbers of healthy and well-fed dogs that are fit to breed. Once the holidaymakers depart, the dogs are in danger of starvation because the ready supply of food is suddenly no longer available. The six months with an abundance of food disturbs the balance of natural selection so that when the season ends the number of dogs exceeds the supply of food available to them.
Another ongoing problem is the reluctance of many local dog owners to have their pets sterilised. They let their dogs roam free and mate with the strays and subsequently countless litters of puppies are born. Often the mothers are hungry or sick and die in their efforts to feed them. It is not uncommon for villagers to dump puppies in a different area because they don't want more dogs roaming in their village.

Rehoming
Part of our work in Goa involves finding homes for unwanted animals. The sheer volume of puppies that are brought to the centre is living proof of the job we have on our hands. We do the best we can to care for as many of the young dogs as possible and encourage people to adopt a native breed. As an incentive we offer free sterilisation -this is compulsory when the dog is adopted from us -and one year's free treatment and vaccination for the animal.
Our adoption programme also includes kittens, adult cats and dogs and stray cattle.
The most efficient way to promote the adoption programme is by word of mouth. People who adopt a native breed quickly discover the benefits: after all these dogs are tough and built to cope with the Indian climate. Unlike a pedigree they don't need expensive supplements to survive in the heat and humidity. The Indian dog is as faithful a friend and as efficient a guard dog as any dog, and doesn't cost a fortune to buy and to look after.
During 2007 we were pleased to note a steady rise in the number of puppies being adopted from the centre. In the second half of 2006 the total number adopted was 153.

Animal Birth Control
On average we receive 200 calls every month to report sick and injured animals and to ask for unsterilised dogs to be picked up. One couple from the UK, Tracey and Dean Baker, contacted us about a pack of dogs in Arpora, about 6km from the centre. There was a large pack of dogs and puppies near their apartment in the Blue Beach Resort that were disturbing local residents with their barking and howling.
IAR's procedure for resolving the problem is to catch the dogs over a period of time, sterilise and vaccinate them and then return them to the area. Putting the dogs back is a vital step in the successful management of a stray dog population. If dogs are removed from their territory and released elsewhere they are likely to get killed by other dogs and soon new unsterilised animals will move into the territory that has been vacated. The aim of the Animal Birth Control Programme is to achieve a number of healthy, sterilised and vaccinated dogs in a given area.
At first things didn't go smoothly: the puppies were sick and the dogs were so wild they couldn't be caught. It was only thanks to Tracey that the project was finally a success: having already left Goa, she returned to help with trapping the dogs and within a week 14 of them The Indian dog is a faithful friend.
had been caught. She also cared for the last remaining puppy and prepared him for adoption. He was found a home before Tracey left for the UK. All the dogs that were caught were sterilised and vaccinated before being returned to their territory. With Tracey's hands-on support, IAR was able to improve the lives of the dogs and the people of Arpora.

Celebrating World Animal Day
To celebrate World Animal Day on 4 October IAR Goa hosted an event at the Government High School Guirim. Children from local schools were invited to participate in a drawing and an essay competition under the theme "Sharing the Planet". The judges were deeply impressed by the children's level of insight into the importance of respecting all forms of life and of protecting our planet for future generations.

Cattle
In the past year there have been several cases of cruelty to cattle in Goa where cows and bulls have had acid thrown on them. In one incident a cow had to be admitted to the IAR centre for immediate treatement. In such cases if treatment isn't given urgently the wounds caused by the acid burning away the skin become infested with maggots and once such infection takes hold it's very difficult to get the wounds to heal. The wounds on a second cow that had been attacked at the same time were more severe and after examination the vets made the decision to put her painlessly to sleep.
It is not uncommon for boiling water, oil or acid to be used to scare away cattle: as sacred animals they roam freely on the roads and on the beaches and are not always welcomed by local people.
Although local authorities have set up so-called cattle pounds in an attempt to keep unclaimed cattle out of the way of local residents, there simply are not enough resources to catch and transport the cattle to these pounds.
Only through education and example can we encourage people to find a better way to resolve this problem, Young children in Goa are learning to love animals.
Rescued macaques in Goa.
without inflicting terrible suffering on these defenceless animals.

Monkey rescue
The number of rescued monkeys currently undergoing rehabilitation with IAR in Goa grew during 2007 to 11. These young macaques are all traumatised and physically damaged in one way or another after being caught from the wild and separated from their families. The socialisation and rehabilitation process takes months, even years, before we can assess whether these animals will be able to fend for themselves in the wild.

Volunteers
At the end of 2007 IAR expressed its deep appreciation and grateful thanks to a number of volunteers who regularly raise funds and support IAR's work at the Goa centre.
During the tourist season in Goa dedicated couple Harry and Jackie Patterson once again entertained the public and raised funds to help with the sterilisation, treatment and care of the hundreds of dogs that pass through the centre.
Harry and Jackie and friends Wendy and Dave also continued to provide hands-on assistance with the animals by catching dogs and bringing them in to the centre. These two couples give the centre the best publicity that we could wish for and with their help International Animal Rescue gathers new supporters every day.

Elephant campaign update
IAR released its Report on the Fair Treatment of Elephants in Goa in October 2007 but sadly it has done little to change the attitude of the authorities responsible for protecting wildlife. All claimed that the elephants being used to entertain tourists in Goa are being closely and regularly monitored. Nevertheless we still believe that several animal welfare laws are being ignored, particularly those concerning wildlife, and our campaign of action will continue. At present however there is little that can be done until further firm evidence can be presented to the authorities.
In the meantime we continue our efforts to educate tourists about the suffering of the elephants. Certainly fewer people are willing to hand over money in order to watch a tired and dehydrated elephant shake their hand with its trunk and nowadays more and more people are concerned about the welfare of these longsuffering animals. If we can convince enough people to walk away, the business of parading an elephant around for entertainment may become less lucrative and force the mahouts to change their approach. Things will not change overnight but we aim to shape our campaign in the future to have a more compelling effect on the people concerned.
Working elephant in need of our help.

Caring for stray dogs in Trichy, Tamil Nadu
International Animal Rescue was established in Trichy in 2005 to control and care for the stray dog population through a programme of sterilisation and vaccination, and to provide shelter and treatment for sick and injured dogs. With a clinic and kennels located in K K Nagar, the team of vets and one dogcatcher have sterilised some 3000 dogs in the past two years and achieved their goal of eradicating incidents of rabies in the project area.
During the past year our work continued and 1,207 dogs were sterilised in spite of some setbacks.
Dr Deike Schacht, founder of IAR in Trichy, had to return to Germany with her husband and family and so the team lost its guiding star. However, Dr Jothiraj, a retired joint director who served in the government, gracefully agreed to step in and coordinate activities and so the mission continues.
The government of Tamil Nadu took the very positive step of stopping the 'catch and kill' method used by civic bodies to reduce stray dog populations. A government order was issued and around Rs 5 Crores (£600,000) allocated to conduct the animal birth control (ABC) and anti-rabies (AR) project. The government also supplied guidelines on how to obtain reimbursement via the Animal Welfare Board of India. As a result of this government order the civic bodies started looking for agencies to carry out the ABC scheme in an effective and scientific way.
Since International Animal Rescue has a good reputation in this field, we were called upon by Pudukottai municipality to carry out the project. The municipality was very cooperative, converting an old building into an operating theatre and providing all the basic amenities. We accepted the offer upon certain conditions and started work in May 2007. In less than a year we sterilised 1,124 stray dogs and in order to cope with the workload we had to bring another vet into the team.
With regard to the Trichy Corporation, an operating theatre is being set up with all the necessary facilities. IAR vets have visited the surgery and recommended some further improvements. The project is expected to get under way in June 2008.

Outpatients and pet hostel
IAR's outpatients clinic is popular and more and more dogs are being brought in by their owners for treatment, generating an income of Rs 151000/-(nearly £2,000) for the past financial year.
In 2007 we also introduced the pet hostel concept which is proving very popular with pets and pet owners.
During the year some 20 dogs were cared for under the hostel scheme.

Adoption
Our puppy adoption scheme encourages visitors to adopt a young orphan dog for which we provide free vaccination and sterilisation at the appropriate time. This is working well with male puppies, but females are not so easy to home.
The flow of donations has been steady and the team is able to achieve the target in the area of rescue and operations. The ABC scheme has been a great help in making things work and of course the financial support provided by IAR Goa is immensely helpful.
During the year the clinic was upgraded to provide good puppy kennels and a new roof was put on the main kennels. The whole clinic building was also painted twice to keep the premises clean and tidy.

Future plans
Next year the Trichy Corporation may ask us to handle the ABC project for them and we may have to accept the offer even if it comes with certain conditions in order to demonstrate that at least they are taking a step in the right direction by reducing stray dog populations.
Karur, another big municipality 75km away from Trichy is also giving us the ABC project and we are likely to receive further enquiries from other civic bodies. However, our current financial status will not allow us to take on any more vets or attendants.

Rescue vehicles
Maintenance and repairs on our rescue vehicles are costly and increasing all the time and fuel is also expensive. However, in time we hope that sufficient funds can be raised to replace them with vehicles that are more economical and fuel efficient.

Public awareness
When we took a survey in Trichy General Hospital about dog bites and the incidence of rabies in the city we were astonished to note that 80% of the dog bite cases were caused by pet dogs rather than by strays. In response to this finding we came out with an educative hand-out sponsored by Samrakshana Animal Welfare Society Trichy showing the ways to avoid getting bitten by dogs.
International Animal Rescue has built a good reputation in Trichy within a short period of time and enjoys strong public support for its implementation of the ABC scheme and its services to animal welfare. We look forward to building on this in the years ahead.
Happy healthy dogs treated by IAR.
Puppy for adoption in Trichy.
Puppy for adoption in Trichy. five amendments which we lobbied on three were accepted. The aim is to have a common plan for the whole of Europe so that member states are required not only to introduce legislation demanding a high standard of care for pets, but also to enforce this legislation, taking non-compliant member states to the European Court of Justice if necessary.

Bird guard camps
In September the European Group known as CABS (Committee Against Bird Slaughter) and IAR organised their annual bird guard camp against the illegal shooting of wild birds during the September migration. As in previous years, the camp was very successful and with the help of the police managed to save the lives of many birds and also to prosecute those who hunt and trap illegally.

Illegal imports
In December two Maltese men arriving on a flight from Rome were caught carrying 22 skins of protected bird species. They were subjected to a random luggage check after trying to pass through the EU members blue exit when in fact prior to their arrival in Rome they had been in Egypt, a non-EU country.
This aroused customs officers' suspicions who then found the skins in the men's bags. During questioning by the police it is believed that they admitted bringing the skins over from Egypt.
Among them were a long-eared owl, a black-shouldered kite, an avocet, a red shank and a Smyrna kingfisher. The skins were confiscated by the police and the men were to be arraigned in court in the following days.
Max Farrugia has produced several reports in the past on hunting tours in Egypt by Maltese hunters. Such tours are very popular with Maltese and Italian hunters who then try to return via other airports to divert the attention of the customs and police. At one time enforcement in Egypt was tightened up following reports from IAR on how the birds were being smuggled but it appears some cases are still slipping through the net.
Bird guards on the look out for illegal shooting.

Catastrophes Cat Rescue
The Catastrophes cat sanctuary continued to provide a permanent loving home and first class veterinary care for abandoned and unwanted cats in 2007 thanks to ongoing financial support from International Animal Rescue.
Liz Varney, Executive Director of Catastrophes, also organises the ongoing sterilisation project for street cats in Spain for International Animal Rescue. In November 2007 Liz led a team of two vets, a vet nurse and trappers who sterilised and treated nearly 200 cats in one week. The project, which is welcomed by expat local residents and holiday makers, prevents the cats having unwanted litters of kittens.
Each cat is also given a health check to help ensure a humanely controlled healthy population.

British Divers Marine Life Rescue
During 2007 International Animal Rescue continued to provide an office and full administrative support for British Divers Marine Life Rescue (BDMLR.) This enabled BDMLR to maintain its nationwide network of action volunteers ready to come to the aid of marine wildlife in distress. The charity also ran a series of training courses throughout the year to equip new volunteers with the skills to become marine mammal medics and join the emergency response team.

Animal Protection Agency (APA)
The Animal Protection Agency is a small but effective UK organisation committed to ending the trade in wildlife for pets. Amazingly it is still legal in Britain to sell wild animals captured in other countries. As IAR's work in Indonesia has shown, the majority of wild-trapped animals die from stress and disease. Next to habitat destruction, collection of animals for the pet trade is the main reason for the decline in many species. International Animal Rescue has built a good working relationship with the APA and was pleased to give them financial assistance with some of their investigative activities during 2007.

Uist Hedgehog Rescue (UHR)
In February 2007 we were delighted when Scottish Natural Heritage announced an end to the cull of hedgehogs on the islands of Uist. SNH's Board had finally agreed to end the killing policy in favour of a translocation trial.
As a member of Uist Hedgehog Rescue IAR had opposed the killing since SNH announced its lethal policy in 2002 in a bid to improve the breeding success of ground-nesting birds. In order to save the lives of as many healthy wild animals as possible, UHR had rescued and relocated 756 hedgehogs from the Uists over the previous four years.
Marine mammal medics in action.

Centre for Orangutan Protection
The Centre for Orangutan Protection (COP) works tirelessly in Indonesia to rescue and protect orangutans from the ruthless greed of the palm oil industry. In 2007 International Animal Rescue made a donation to COP in recognition of its extraordinary efforts to save this vulnerable and highly endangered species.

IAR speaks out against circuses
Members of International Animal Rescue joined local group Animal Aid in September to demonstrate peacefully outside the Great British Circus site in Kent. The circus boasts lions, tigers, camels and zebras among its acts. Local TV and press coverage of the issue gave us the opportunity to raise awareness of the miserable lives that circus animals are forced to endure.
Then in December IAR representatives in Malta also joined protests against the use of animals in circuses by the Circus Animal Rights Coalition.

Wildlife Rescue Ambulance Service (WRAS)
International Animal Rescue provides office space for this volunteer wildlife rescue service which comes to the aid of countless species of sick and injured wildlife 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Folly Wildlife Rescue
Folly Wildlife Rescue cares for all kinds of sick and injured wildlife, the majority of which are victims of human activity of one kind or another.
In 2007 IAR was pleased to make a pledge towards the costs of the new Wildlife Rescue Centre Project which will enable the Folly team to continue and expand its invaluable work helping British wildlife.

IAR protests against Japanese dolphin slaughter
On 25 September members of International Animal Rescue joined animal lovers and wildlife conservationists in cities all over the world in protest against the annual slaughter of thousands of dolphins in Japan.
IAR representatives were at Japanese Embassies in Boston, Jakarta and London demonstrating against the mass murder of the largest number of dolphins anywhere in the world. The Japanese annual drive hunt (fishery) season runs from 1 October to 30 March and during this time more than 20,000 dolphins, porpoises and small whales are killed. The hunts are sustained by marine parks which pay large amounts of money for live dolphins to re-stock their facilities.

Website support
International Animal Rescue sponsors and maintains the websites for UHR and WRAS and has also created and maintains websites for the local Sussex Horse Rescue charity and the Seals Protection Group.
The above are just some of the issues and the groups that International Animal Rescue is proud to have been involved with during 2007.
Injured fox being cared for by WRAS volunteer.

Celebrity support
Catastrophes cat.
It is a fact of life nowadays that celebrity figures make a real difference when it comes to raising awareness of a charity's cause and recruiting new support for an issue. At International Animal Rescue we are very fortunate to have the active support of two celebrities in particular -UK comedian and musician Bill Bailey and 'This Morning' TV vet Dr Scott Miller -both of whom are now patrons of the charity.
In July 2007 Bill gave up his time to make a personal fundraising appeal for help with our dancing bear rescue project. The appeal was posted on the IAR website and can be viewed there: www.internationalanimalrescue.org Bill witnessed the plight of the dancing bears when he visited India with IAR in November 2005 and speaks from the heart when he urges people to help to end their suffering. As well as being available to view online, the appeal was the subject of several local TV news items and was also screened for several weeks free of charge in an independent cinema near the charity's head office in East Sussex.
Then in August Bill packed the New Hall in the town of Tiverton in Devon when he performed a comedy gig in aid of International Animal Rescue and raised more than £2000 for the charity. The crowd comprised regular audience members of the town's Comedy Hall, who snapped up the tickets within 18 hours of the event being announced. Organiser Steve Lodge said: "The response when I announced Bill Bailey was playing was incredible. Bill treated us to a very personal performance of new material that everyone thoroughly enjoyed. I was only too pleased to give every penny of profit to his charity." Scott Miller gave a great boost to International Animal Rescue's work in Indonesia in 2007 when he paid a visit there with Alan Knight. As a vet Scott was able to assist with medical treatment for the macaques and lorises in the team's care. He also played a very hands-on role in the release operation of a group of macaques that had been rescued and rehabilitated by IAR's team and were transported by truck, boat and then human backpack to the release site. There they spent several days in a habituation cage before finally being given back their freedom -a very special moment for all concerned. Scott's visit was filmed for three special individual features on This Morning TV to be broadcast in the autumn of 2008.
Our thanks once more to Bill and Scott for being wonderful patrons of International Animal Rescue and committed advocates for the animals. The year in development 2007 was another successful year in development for International Animal Rescue thanks to the generosity of our donors and the unflagging support of our team of volunteers and staff. We were able not simply to maintain the level of income required to meet our campaign objectives and cover our project costs, but to increase our income by 23% in comparison with 2006. This was no mean feat in the economic climate, with rumours of recession abounding in the last quarter of 2007 and the average growth of UK charities at only 8%.
Our fundraising efforts generated an income of £1,471,000 from the UK. An additional $177,751 was raised in the US and Rs482,803 in Goa, India, making the total group income £1,590,659.
The 23% increase in UK income provided an additional £228,269 in funding for our animal welfare projects, most notably towards IAR's new primate rescue project in Indonesia. The total amount spent on animal projects exceeded this growth with 27% more spent in 2007 when compared to 2006.
This development is part of IAR's strategic plan to continue to grow the income of the charity in order to fund our existing long-term projects -caring for animals in distress at our veterinary clinics and rescue centres and bringing an end to the suffering of the dancing bears in India -and also to develop new animal rescue projects that meet the aims and objectives of the charity.
Funds permitting, plans for 2008 include continuing to consolidate our partnership with Wildlife SOS in India by supporting other wildlife rescue and rehabilitation projects, such as helping the long-suffering working elephants and other animals used for entertainment. Many species, including leopards and tigers, are also highly endangered, making this work a matter of conservation as well as animal welfare.

Individual fundraising and events
Fundraising becomes more challenging and competitive every year. However, the number of IAR supporters continues to grow and some of these donors are also energetic fundraisers. We are indebted to those volunteers who have given up their time to hold a variety of events throughout the year. Other supporters have donated their wedding, birthday and Christmas gifts to support the projects of International Animal Rescue.
We're also grateful to pupils and staff at numerous schools and colleges who choose to support IAR. Not only is it a great boost to receive the funds that are raised, it is also encouraging to know that so many young people are passionate about animals and share our desire to make the world a better place for them.
In total almost £25,000 was raised from fundraising events during 2007. We acknowledge with thanks the tremendous fundraising efforts of all our donors -International Animal Rescue couldn't exist without them.

Broadening our reach
The aims and objectives of International Animal Rescue, US are the same as for the UK charity and include public education programmes. During 2007 International Animal Rescue became a registered charity in both Indonesia and The Netherlands abiding by local government regulations. Contact details for all international offices can be found at the back of this report.
A sound development strategy in the UK and in other countries where IAR operates is fundamental if we are to broaden the reach of our animal rescue projects. We will continue with our direct marketing programme which features all our projects and informs and updates supporters on how we use their donations to save animals from suffering. We also continue to test new marketing initiatives, particularly with new media, to recruit new supporters.

Charitable trusts and foundations
Income from trusts during 2007 increased three-fold as planned, bringing the total to £100,000 or 7% of total income. The most notable of these was from The Rufford Maurice Laing Foundation towards our expansion of the facilities for rescued bears in India. The plan is to double this important income source again during 2008.

Legacies
As a 'young' charity we cannot yet rely on substantial income from legacies. Income during 2007 was similar to 2006 at £199,565. This represents 14% of the total. We remember with gratitude those supporters that chose to make a lasting gift in this way and also those that have pledged a legacy. These enduring gifts are an investment in the charity's work to relieve the suffering of animals for many years to come.

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Development Director Carrie Colliss meets a working elephant in India.

1,007,966
The summary financial statements for the UK have been agreed by our auditors, Clark Brownscombe, as being consistent with the full financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2007. These were prepared in accordance with the February 2005 Charities Statement of Recommended Practice (SORP) "Accounting and Reporting by Charities" and the Trust Deed in preparing the annual report and financial statements of the charity. The full financial statements were approved by the Board of Trustees and have been submitted to the Charity Commission.
These summarised accounts may not contain sufficient information to enable a full understanding of the financial status of International Animal Rescue. For further information, please contact Carrie Colliss at the UK head office address. Alternatively, a full set of audited accounts can be downloaded from our website: www.internationalanimalrescue.org The graphs opposite clearly show the exponential growth in both the income and correlating expenditure on the animal welfare projects of International Animal Rescue during the past seven years.

Roll of honour -Thank you
A vote of thanks to the network of generous supporters around the world who enable us to rescue, rehabilitate and release animals from suffering: every single donation is greatly appreciated. Several companies have also helped us in a variety of ways during the year and some have supported their employees' individual fundraising activities. In addition, International Animal Rescue received 7% of its total income in the form of grants from charitable trusts and foundations during 2007 -more than double the previous year. This is an area we'll continue to focus on in future.

Leaving a legacy to help the animals
Over the last few years International Animal Rescue has saved literally thousands of animals from suffering. But every day our work reminds us of just how much more there is to do.

IAR all started with a legacy
International Animal Rescue owes its entire existence to a legacy. It was a gift left to our founder John Hicks that enabled him to set up the charity in 1989.

A gift in your Will can help ensure our work continues
The gift doesn't need to be largeit can be whatever size you choose. And it doesn't affect the rights of your family and loved ones, because you make sure you have looked after them first. In fact, leaving a gift to charity can even help your loved ones by reducing the tax burden.
Some charities rely on legacies for a significant proportion of their income. As a small and fairly young charity one single legacy from a caring supporter can make the most enormous difference to our work.

US donors
Planning to make a gift to International Animal Rescue is a great way to show your special feelings for an animal or animal lover in your life. Making a gift with stocks, securities or real estate, for example, may be the best tax-wise way for you to make a difference. Please consult with your financial advisor to take advantage of such a gift in your annual tax planning.

Stocks and securities
A growing number of animal lovers are making gifts of appreciated stocks and securities they've owned for a year or more to help us continue our rescue and rehabilitation work. Every last dollar of these donations is used to fund our rescue centres, clinics and sanctuaries. In return, donors can take advantage of a tax deduction while avoiding capital gains.