L imnophyes knispeLae sp . n . and L. sartorii sp . n ., two new crenophilous species from the s wiss a lps (c hironomidae , o rthocladiinae )

Limnophyes knispelae sp. n and L. sartorii sp. n. are diagnosed and described based on material collected in the high Alpine valley of the Rhône river and the cirque of Macun in the Swiss National Park (alt. 1800-2616 m a.s.l.). The first new species is described only as male adult, while the second as male adult and pupal exuviae. Main distinguishing characters found in the male adult of L. knispelae sp. n. L. sartorii sp. n. are: clypeus shield-like shaped; humeral pit typically circular with 3-4 or 9 lanceolate setae; virga strong spine-like; preepisternals vary from 4-6 to 4-8. The pu-pal exuviae of L. sartorii sp. n. is characterized by having frontal apotome domed; thoracic horn reduced to nose-like tubercle; posterior area of tergites II-VI with 1-7 rows of minute hooks; segment VIII with 5 lateral setae; inner posterior margin of anal lobe straight.

In this paper, two new Limnophyes species (L.knispelae sp.n and L. sartorii sp.n.) are described on the basis of material recently collected in the Swiss Alps (high Alpine valley of the Rhône River and the cirque of Macun in the Swiss National Park, alt.1800-2616 m a.s.l.).L. knispelae sp.n is described only as male adult, while L. sartorii sp.n. is described as both male adult and pupal exuviae.

Methods and materials
Examined material of L. knispelae sp.n and L. sartorii sp.n. was collected using Malaise trap and drift nets.Male adults were preserved in 80-85% ethanol and cleared of musculature in 90% lactic acid (head, thorax, abdomen and anal segment) for about 60 to 80 minutes.The specimens were checked under a binocular microscope after 20 minutes to determine how the clearing was progressing.When clearing was complete, the specimens were washed in two baths of 70% ethanol to ensure that all traces of lactic acid were removed.The studied material was mounted in polyvinyl lactophenol.Before the final slide mountings in dorsal view, the hypopygium including tergite IX and anal point, the gonocoxite and the gonostylus, were viewed ventrally and laterally, in order to examine and draw all the necessary details of the species, from both sides.For a better examination of the specific features of the hypopygium, the anal point and tergite IX were removed and the hypopygium was illustrated in a lateral view separately.Remaining part of the abdomen and the halters are preserved in 85% ethanol for an eventual DNA analysis.Morphological terminology, abbreviations and measurements follow those of Saether (1980) and Langton and Pinder (2007) for the imagines and Langton (1991) for pupal exuviae.
Holotype (mounted on 1 slide; GBIFCH00617929) and 1 paratype (mounted, each on 1 slide) are deposited in the collections of the Musée cantonal de Zoologie, Palais de Rumine, 6 place de la Riponne, CH-1014 Lausanne (MZL), Switzerland.2 paratypes, male adults are deposited in the collection of the senior author.

Etymology
The name 'knispelae' is given in honour to Sandra Knispel, who did her PhD thesis on an alpine glacier-fed alluvial system (Rhône River basin, Swiss Alps).She keeps working as consultant in aquatic ecology and is a Swiss specialist on Plecoptera.

Adult male
(n = 4; Figs 1A-H, 2A-H) Total length, TL 3.25 mm.Wing length, WL 1.55 mm; TL/WL = 2.10.General colouration pale brown to dark brown; head and antenna dark brown.Thorax brown with dark brown mesonotal stripes; humeral pit contrasting brown to dark brown.Legs brown.Abdomen brownish, anal segment brown to dark brown.

Abdomen. Hypopygium in dorsal view as in
Female adult, pupa and larva: unknown.
Pupal exuviae: 1 male, same data and locality as for holotype.
Paratypes. 2 male adults (1 captured by Malaise trap and 1 by drift net as a male pupa), leg.B. Lods-Crozet.Same data and locality as for holotype.
Holotype (mounted on 1 slide; GBIFCH00617930) and 1 paratype (mounted on 1 slide) is deposited in the collections of the male adult, mounted on 1 slide is deposited in the collection of the senior author.

Etymology
The name 'sartorii' of the new species is given in honour to Michel Sartori, who is retired after being head director of the museum of Lausanne for more than 20 years.He keeps working as taxonomist on Ephemeroptera worldwide.

Diagnostic characters
Male seta located proximally on a characteristic projecting expansion.Gonostylus narrowing distally, well domed medially and pointed apically; anterior side densely covered with setae; megaseta well developed, located pre-apically.
Morphological differences between the male adult of the two new species and that of morphologically similar congeners (namely: L. asquamatus, L. bidumus, L. cranstoni and L. difficilis) are: An unusual shape of the humeral pit, which is atypically circular; atypical distribution pattern of dorsocentrals and humerals; the preepisternals on anterior side of preepisternum vary from 4 to 7.
The pupa of L. sartorii sp.n. can be separated from those of other members of the genus by having a reduced thoracic horn, which is markedly long lobe-like shaped; the morphological details of armament on tergites; and the characteristic shape of anal lobe and genital sac.However, since the pupa of L. knispelae is unknown it is at present not possible to determine if these are characters are shared between the two species.

Ecology and geographical distribution
Several male adults of the two new described species were collected in riparian habitats bordering the upper and down basins of glacial springs and cold streams over the Swiss Alps.They belong to the crenophilous community of species as documented by Lindegaard (1995) and Lencioni et al. (2000).Enriched soil in humus, deciduous woods and bark trees on the margins of rivulets and streams, represent the most favourable microhabitats for larval populations.Emergence of adults is observed between July and October.L. knispelae sp.n. and L. sartorii sp.n. belong to the Helvetico-Alpine elements, which are considered as local biogeographical representatives of the Swiss Alps.Their geographical distribution is currently restricted to their type-locality, which is delimited by: the Alpine streams in the high valley of the Rhône river (central Swiss Alps, alt.1800 m, Fig. 5

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Male adult of Limnophyes knispelae sp.n.A) clypeus; B) palpomere 3; C) lobes of antepronotum; D) humeral pit with dorsocentrals and prealars; E) humeral area with humeral pit; F-G) distribution pattern of preepisternals; H) tergite IX and anal point in lateral view.The arrows indicate some distinguishing characters.
Figure 3. Male adult of Limnophyes sartorii sp.n.A) clypeus; B-C) palpomere 3 and sensilla coeloconica ; D) lobes of antepronotum; E) humeral pit with dorsocentrals and prealars; F) humeral pit; G-J) distribution pattern of preepisternals; K) tergite IX and anal point in lateral view.The arrows indicate some distinguishing characters.