Dichomeris syndyas Meyrick 1926

Dichomeris syndyas Meyrick, 1926

(Korean name: eol-lug-nal-gae-sam-gag-su-yeom-ppul-na-bang)

(Figs 7, 8)

Dichomeris syndyas Meyrick, 1926: 286. Type locality: Raddé, Asia Minor [Turkey].

Dichomeris aomoriensis Park & Hodges, 1995: 19. Type locality: Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan.

Dichomeris aomoriensis; Ponomarenko 1997: 14; Ponomarenko 1998: 12.

Dichomeris syndias [sic, recte syndyas]; Ponomarenko 1997: 32.

Dichomeris syndyas; Park & Ponomarenko 2007: 154; Ponomarenko 2014: 263.

Material examined. 1♁, Korea, Yeonglang-li, Dunnae-myeon, Hoengseong-gun (in Korean), GW [Gangwon-do], 37.456003 128.213036 [N37° 27′ 21.6″, E128° 12′ 46.9″, Alt. 656 m], 19.viii.2021, coll. M. Paek, gen. slide no. KJM0243, wings slide no. KJM0337, COI barcode CBNU318 (GenBank accession no. OQ573710), specimen accession no. CBNUPM000036.

Diagnosis. The species is superficially similar to D. sparsella (Christoph, 1882) in that there is a somewhat similar pattern on the forewing, and is comparable with D. tostella Stringer, 1930 in the male genitalia, but the species differs in the following characteristics: 1) in the forewing of D. syndyas, it has a reddish-gray background color, an indistinct blotch or two dots right under the subbasal elliptical dot, and an oblique blotch which is located in the middle of the discal cell, while in D. sparsella (see Park & Ponomarenko 2007: Pl. 7, Fig. 194) it has a pale yellow background color, a weakly developed subbasal streak which is usually indistinct, an oppositely oblique blotch at the middle of the discal cell, and numerous transverse streaks irregularly scattered throughout the forewing and in D. tostella (see Park & Ponomarenko 2007: Pl. 7, Fig. 196) it has a light yellow background color without botches as above; 2) in the male genitalia of D. syndyas, they have the vinculum that extends into the shape of elephant’s ear, the sicae with two asymmetric horn-shaped lobes, the left lobe being about 1.2× longer than the right one, and the phallus with well-developed and -sclerotized lateral lobes, while in D. sparsella (see Ponomarenko & Mey 2002: Fig. 5; Park & Ponomarenko 2007: Pl. 56, Fig. 194) they have the vinculum with heavily sclerotized lateral projections in about the basal 1/3, the sicae with much slenderer two asymmetric bar-shaped lobes, the left lobe being about 0.6× shorter than the right one, and the phallus with a relatively simple lateral lobe and with a triangular lateral protrusion near middle and in D. tostella (see Park & Ponomarenko 2007: Pl. 57, Fig. 196) they have the sicae with two asymmetric horn-shaped lobes, both slightly branching laterally in the basal 1/3, the left lobe being about 1.1× longer than the right one, and a relatively stout phallus. 3) in the female genitalia of D. syndyas (see Park & Ponomarenko 2007: Pl. 91, Fig. 195), they have thick apophyses anteriores being about 0.3× shorter than the apophyses posteriores, the corpus bursae having a semiovate latero-posterior protrusion, a triangular median one, and a sac-like latero-anterior one, and a weakly sclerotized plate-like signum, while in D. sparsella (see Park & Ponomarenko 2007: Pl. 91, Fig. 194) they have relatively narrower apophyses anteriores, and a relatively simple corpus bursae with a signum and in D. tostella (see Park & Ponomarenko 2007: Pl. 91, Fig. 196) they have narrower apophyses anteriores being about 0.2× shorter than the apophyses posteriores, and a simple corpus bursae without a signum.

Redescription of male. Male adult (Fig. 7), forewing length 8.0 mm (wingspan 18.0 mm) (n=1) (Park & Ponomarenko 2007: wingspan 19.0–22.0 mm; Park & Hodges 1995: forewing length 10.5–11.0 mm (as Dichomeris aomoriensis)).

Head: Vertex grayish-brown with reddish-gray posteriorly and laterally. Antenna about 0.7× shorter than length of forewing; scape covered with grayish-brown scales; pedicel+flagellum grayish-brown ringed with brownish-gray; brownish-gray rings gradually brighter distally; flagellum shortly ciliated on ventral surface (Fig. 7B). Second palpomere of labial palpus (Figs 7C, D) triangular with rough scales, grayish-brown with reddish-gray distal end on outer surface, reddish-gray with grayish-brown in ventral half on inner surface, slightly shorter, about 0.9×, than third palpomere; the latter slightly upturned, reddish-gray with grayish-brown ventrally. Proboscis covered with grayish-brown scales, gradually paler distally (Fig. 7E).

Thorax: Notum grayish-brown. Tegula grayish-brown with paler scales distally. Mesothoracic anepisternum with a pair of scale tufts (see arrows in Fig. 7E). Forewing reddish-gray blotched with brownish-gray; costal blotches expanded beyond about basal 2/5; subbasal elliptical dot brownish-gray, situated on basal 1/5 of Sc vein; inconspicuous blotch or pair of dots just below subbasal dot; oblique blotch at half of discal cell, followed by pair of dots; blotch or pair of dots on distal end of discal cell; venation (Fig. 7H) with R 1 arising from half of discal cell; distance between origins of R 1 and R 2 slightly longer, about 1.2×, than that of R 2 and R 3; R 4+5 arising from anterior corner of discal cell; R 4 and R 5 stalked at about basal 3/5; R 5 reaching to near apex; M 1, M 2 and M 3 nearly parallel, free; distance between origins of M 1 and M 2 about 2× longer than that of M 2 and M 3; CuA 1 and CuA 2 arising from near posterior corner of discal cell; origin of CuA 1 and CuA 2 stalked at about basal 1/5; 1A+2A forked at about basal 3/10; discal cell closed. Hindwing brownish-orange, gradually brighter toward costal base, with slightly darker scales along veins; fringe brownish-orange with orangish-white basal line; frenulum (Fig. 7I) with acanthi fused distally into a single acanthus; venation (Fig. 7H) with R 1 running into Sc from about basal 3/10 of discal cell (see an arrow in Fig. 7H); Rs arising from anterior corner of discal cell, reaching apex; M 1 arising closely from origin of Rs; distance between origins of M 1 and M 2 about 1.3× longer than that of M 2 and M 3 +CuA 1; M 3 +CuA 1 short stalked, arising from posterior corner of discal cell; discal cell closed. Hindtibia (Figs 7F, G) brownish-orange with brownish-gray ventrally; bristles brownish-orange; two pairs of spurs, one pair at about basal 3/5, other pair at distal end. Hindtarsus (Figs 7F, G) brownish-orange with brownish-gray scales.

Abdomen (Fig. 8D): Abdomen damaged except segments VII–VIII, covered with brownish-gray scales (see Park & Ponomarenko 2007: Pl. 7, Fig. 195). Terga VII–VIII and sternum VII sclerotized, each anterior margin somewhat more sclerotized; anterolateral expansions of tergum VIII short, obtuse.

Male genitalia (Figs 8A–C): See also Park & Hodges (1995: Figs 9, 10: Dichomeris aomoriensis); Park & Ponomarenko (2007: Pl. 57, Fig. 195). Uncus subquadrate with subtriangularly concave basal margin, setose with much longer setae on mesodistal portion, about 0.3× shorter than length of tegumen. Gnathos curved medially, with sharply pointed apex. Culcitula subquadrate, densely setose. Tegumen elongated, subtrapezoidal. Valva digitiform, slightly twisted, gradually narrower distally in basal half, densely setose in distal 3/10, slightly longer, about 1.1×, than length of uncus+tegumen; ventral free lobe setose, nearly same sized with culcitula. Vinculum expanded laterally into elephant’s ear-shape, rapidly narrower toward sicae in about distal 1/3. Sicae as long as vinculum, quadrate before bifurcation; inner edge of bifurcation U-shaped; lobes of sicae asymmetrical, well-sclerotized, with denticles forming a single row on each lobe longitudinally, and with few subapical setae; left lobe slightly longer, about 1.2×, than right lobe. Phallus stout, narrower basally in about basal 1/5, gradually narrower from distal 3/5 to obtuse apex, with longitudinal wrinkles in distal 3/5; right lobe bifurcated into two stout sublobes situated side by side, inner sublobe slightly longer than outer sublobe, outer sublobe denticulated along outer edge; left lobe twice bifurcated, first at middle and second at basal 3/4 of phallus, distal sublobe longest and medial sublobe shortest among three, basal sublobe slightly bent outward with few denticles; cornutus straight stake-shaped, gently bulged in basal 2/5, about 0.4× shorter than length of phallus.

Female genitalia: See Park & Ponomarenko (2007: Pl. 91, Fig. 195).

Host plants. Unknown.

Distribution. Turkey (Ponomarenko 1997), Russia, Japan (Park & Ponomarenko 2007), Korea (new record).