Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrotibialis

Keys to species of Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrotibialis complex

(Adapted from Drew and Romig 2016)

The nigrotibialis complex was defined by Drew and Romig (2013) to contain mostly black species without redbrown areas on the scutum, a narrow costal band, face black or with large facial spots and legs with all femora at least apically black, the fore and mid femora often mostly so. Proposed largely as an aid to identification, the complex is not necessarily monophyletic or inclusive.

1 Costal band broad and almost confluent with vein R 4+5 [Thailand to Sumatra and Borneo; males respond to cue lure]........................................................................................... B. (B.) lata (Perkins)

- Costal band narrow and confluent with or just overlapping vein R 2+3............................................. 2

2 Postsutural lateral yellow vittae absent; hind femora black over at least apical three-quarters [China (Yunnan) and Bhutan; males respond to methyl eugenol].......................................... B. (B.) paradiospyri Chen, Zhou & Li

- Postsutural lateral yellow vittae present but often very short; hind femora black over at most apical half................ 3

3 Postsutural lateral yellow vittae broad, parallel-sided and enclosing intra-alar setae; postpronotal lobe entirely yellow...... 4

- Postsutural lateral yellow vittae short and often subtriangular, if reaching or almost reaching intra-alar setae then very narrow and linear; postpronotal lobe often black on anterodorsal margin................................................ 5

4 Face with a broad black band across oral margin; abdominal tergites black except for red-brown posterior margin of tergite V; anepisternal yellow stripe not reaching line of anterior notopleural seta [China (Hainan); response to lures unknown]............................................................................... B. (B.) nigrifemorata Lin & Wang

- Face without a broad black band across oral margin; abdominal tergites III-V orange with a black medial vitta and broad fuscous to black lateral margins joined over tergum III; -anepisternal yellow stripe reaching line of anterior notopleural seta [China and Taiwan to Bangladesh and Nepal; males respond to cue lure].................. B. (B.) nigrifacia Zhang, Ji & Chen

5 Face black; postsutural lateral yellow vittae narrow and linear, extending well beyond line of supra-alar setae; anepisternal yellow stripe reaching line of anterior notopleural seta.......................................................... 6

- Face with large round or oval spots; postsutural lateral yellow vittae often very short, if extending well beyond line of supra-alar setae then broad and narrowing posteriorly; anepisternal yellow stripe not reaching line of anterior notopleural seta....... 7

6 Postsutural lateral yellow vittae elongate, reaching or almost reaching intra-alar setae and not narrowed posteriorly [India (Himachal Pradesh), Bhutan and Pakistan (Rawalpindi); males respond to cue lure]................. B. (B.) divenderi sp. n.

- Postsutural lateral yellow vittae short, if reaching line of post-alar setae then distinctly narrowed or obscured posteriorly [southern India, Sri Lanka; records from Bhutan and northern Pakistan belong to B. divenderi; males respond to cue lure]........................................................................... B. (B.) nigrofemoralis White & Tsuruta

7 Postsutural lateral yellow vittae broad, narrowing distinctly posteriorly and extending well beyond line of supra-alar setae.. 8

- Postsutural lateral yellow vittae very short and narrow, not extending beyond line of supra-alar setae................... 9

8 Fore and mid femora entirely black, including base and apex; postpronotal lobe entirely yellow [Thailand to Philippines and Indonesia; records from India and Sri Lanka are misidentifications of B. nigrofemoralis (Tsuruta and White 2001); males respond to cue lure].................................................................. B. (B.) nigrotibialis (Perkins)

- Fore and mid femora black with fulvous base and apex; postpronotal lobe fuscous on anterodorsal margin [Sulawesi; males respond to methyl eugenol]............................................. B. (B.) nationigrotibialis Drew &Romig

9 Scutellum with black basal band broadly triangular or semicircular............................................. 10

- Scutellum with black basal band narrow and not broadly expanded............................................. 12

10 Fore and mid femora entirely black; costal band narrow and not apically expanded [West Timor; males respond to cue lure].............................................................................. B. (B.) bellisi Drew &Romig

- Fore and mid femora black on apical half to two-thirds or less; costal band apically expanded........................ 11

11 Scutellum with black basal band broadly triangular and covering most of scutellum [Sri Lanka and Bhutan; males respond to cue lure and zingerone]................................................... B. (B.) perigrapha White & Tsuruta

- Scutellum with black basal band broadly semicircular and covering only basal half of scutellum [Japan and Taiwan to Thailand; males respond to cue lure]................................................................ B.(B.) pernigra Ito

12 Scutellum with an apical black band enclosing apical Setae [India (Karnataka); males respond to cue lure]......................................................................................... B.(B.) apiconigroscutella Drew

- Scutellum without an apical black spot or band............................................................. 13

13 Postpronotal lobe entirely yellow; costal band apically broad and distinctly crossing into cell r 4+5 [China to Thailand and Sulawesi; males respond to methyl eugenol]......................................... B.(B.) wuzhishana Lin & Yang

- Postpronotal lobe fuscous on anterodorsal margin; costal band apically narrow and only just crossing into cell r 4+5 [India and Bhutan; males respond to cue lure]................................................ B.(B.) neonigrotibialis Drew