Bittacus flavescens : Klug 1838
Description
Bittacus flavescens Klug, 1838
(Figs. 1c, 8j, 12c)
Bittacus flavescens: Klug, 1838:99; Esben-Petersen, 1921:151; Souza-Lopes & Mangabeira, 1942:335; Penny & Byers, 1979b:368; Machado et al., 2009:36; Machado, 2018.
Klugius flavescens: Navás, 1926:13.
Thyridates flavescens: Willmann, 1983:51; Collucci & Amorim, 2000:7.
Bittacus affinis: Westwood, 1846:194; Esben-Petersen, 1921:151 synonymized.
Holotype: Bittacus flavescens: male: ZMHB (high resolution images examined); Bittacus affinis sex unknown: NHM (not examined). Species also known from Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina (new record), São Paulo (Fig. 12c).
Bittacus flavescens seems to be restricted to the region of the Atlantic rain forest in Brazil, but with a wide distribution within this area (Souza Lopes & Mangabeira 1942; Byers 2004; Machado et al. 2009). The species was the only one in Brazil to have a synonym, B. affinis, described based on one specimen with a label only stating Brazil. Walker (1853) mentioned another specimen of B. affinis in the NHM from Pará state; however, it might have been the result of a misidentification based on the current distribution of B. flavescens. Unfortunately, neither specimen was examined during the current study. Another dubious record for B. flavescens was given by Esben- Petersen (1921), one specimen with the abdomen broken, from Puerto Cabello (Venezuela). Navás (1926) erected the genus Klugius and defined B. flavescens as the type species. However, the genus was based on a weak character (pterostigma broad basally and thin apically) and therefore, Klugius was always considered as a synonym of Bittacus by subsequent authors (Souza Lopes & Mangabeira 1942; Penny & Byers 1979a, b; Willmann 1983).
Examined specimens. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: Mury, Nova Friburgo, 12.xi.1970, Gred & Guimarães det. (1? MZSP); Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia [Seara today], 27°11’B–52°23’L, x.1969, Fritz Plaumann (1♀ INPA); idem—xi.1969 (1♀ INPA); idem—xii.1969 (2♀ INPA); Seara, 16.xii.1977, ND Penny (1♂ INPA).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- INPA , MZSP
- Event date
- 1970-11-12 , 1977-12-16
- Family
- Bittacidae
- Genus
- Bittacus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Mecoptera
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- : Klug
- Species
- flavescens
- Taxon rank
- species
- Verbatim event date
- 1970-11-12 , 1977-12-16
- Taxonomic concept label
- Bittacus flavescens Klug, 1838 sec. Machado, Mendes & Rafael, 2018
References
- Klug, J. C. F. (1838) Versuch einer systematischen Feststellung der Insekten-Familie: Panorpatae und Auseinandersetzung ihrer Gattungen und Arten. Abhandlungen der koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1836, 81 - 108.
- Esben-Petersen, P. (1921) Mecoptera. Monographic revision. In: Collections Zoologiquesdu Baron Edmond de Selys Longchamps. Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif. Fasc. 5. Hayez, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 172.
- Souza Lopes, H. de & Mangabeira, O. (1942) Sobre algumas especies brasileiras do genero Bittacus Latr., 1807, com a descricao de tres especies novas (Panorpatae, Bittacidae). Revista brasileira de Biologia, 2, 331 - 341.
- Penny, N. D. & Byers, G. W. (1979 b) A check-list of the Mecoptera of the world. Acta Amazonica, 9 (2), 365 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921979092365
- Machado, R. J. P., Godoi, F. S. P. & Rafael, J. A. (2009) Neotropical Mecoptera (Insecta): new generic synonymies, new combinations, key to families and genera, and checklist of species. Zootaxa, 2148, 27 - 38.
- Machado, R. J. P. (2018) Bittacidae. Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil (accessed 20 February 2018)
- Navas, L. (1926) Algunos insectos del Brasil. (3 a serie). Broteria, Zoologica, 23, 5 - 15.
- Willmann, R. (1983) Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen unter den sudamerikanischen Bittacidae (Insecta: Mecoptera). Zoologische Beitrage Neue Folge, 28, 47 - 65.
- Collucci, E. & Amorim, D. S. (2000) Three new species of Thyridates Navas, 1908 (Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from Brazil, with new combinations and some comments about phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Contribuicoes Avulsas Sobre a Historia Natural do Brasil, Serie Zoologia, 21, 1 - 8.
- Westwood, J. O. (1846) A monograph of the genus Panorpa, with descriptions of some species belonging to other allied genera. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 4, 184 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1846. tb 01352. x
- Byers, G. W. (2004) A collection of Mecoptera from Latin America. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 77 (2), 137 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.2317 / 0309.06.1
- Walker, F. (1853) List of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Sialides- Nemopterides. British Museum, London, 284 pp. [pp. 193 - 476]
- Penny, N. D. & Byers, G. W. (1979 a) Chave para as familias e generos da Mecoptera (Insecta) da America, do sul dos Estados Unidos. Acta Amazonica, 9 (2), 363 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921979092363