Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum

Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum species group

Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (L., 1758)

Morocco: Middle Atlas, High Atlas: Belqat et al. (2011: 56): inventoried with faunistic and bibliographical details.

Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum Séguy, 1921

= mediterraneum Puri, 1925 [Algeria]

= barbaricum Séguy, 1930 [Morocco]

[lineatum: misidentification, Bezzi, 1921 (part), not Meigen]

[damnosum: misidentification, Tedeschi, 1930, not Theobald]

[equinum: misidentification, Zavatarri, 1930, 1934, not Linnaeus]

[equinum: misidentification, Parrot, 1949, not Linnaeus]

Morocco: Rif, Pré Rif, Plain of Meknès, Middle Atlas, Central Plateau, Coastal Méséta, High Atlas, Anti Atlas: Belqat et al. (2011: 56): inventoried with faunistic and bibliographical details.

Algeria: Algiers, Batna, Biskra, Bouïra, and Constantine Provinces: Edwards (1923: 651–653): description and illustration of pupal gill and male genitalia (as S. equinum Mediterranean form). Puri (1925: 253– 255): description of S. mediterraneum (as a variety of S. equinum), illustration of pupal gill. Parrot (1949: 273– 275): female oviposition described, hosts of blood-feeding females (as S. equinum). Grenier (1953: 148): listed (as S. equinum var. mediterraneum). Algiers and Biskra Provinces: Belazzoug & Tabet-Derraz (1980: 107): listed. Eastern and Western Algeria: Clergue-Gazeau et al. (1991: 54): listed but locality unspecified. Djurdjura Mountains: Lounaci et al. (2000a: 54): recorded. Lounaci et al. (2000b: 126–127, 130, 133): occurrence, abundance, bionomics. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306): listed. Haouchine & Lounaci (2012: 141, 143, 149–150, 153): occurrence, abundance, bionomics. Mascara Province: Parrot (1949: 274): recorded.

Tlemcen Mountains: Gagneur & Clergue-Gazeau (1988: 276–283): biogeography, ecology. Chaoui Boudghane- Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306–307): collecting localities, distribution map. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2014: 1017–1021): physical characterization of habitat, spatial distribution, microhabitat and microdistribution. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis (2016: 36–37, 41–45, 98–144): diagnosis, figures, distribution, biogeographic considerations, population structure. Seybouse Basin: Cherairia et al. (2014: 169–172): ecology at breeding sites, seasonal occurrence. Cherairia (2015: 145–154, 186): diagnosis, ecology at breeding sites, seasonal occurrence, distribution map, photographs of specimens. Oued El Haï Basin: Arigue et al. (2016: 2842–2847): occurrence, abundance, physical characterization of habitat.

Tunisia: Puri (1925: 253–255): description of S. mediterraneum (as variety of S. equinum), illustration of pupal gill. Clergue-Gazeau & Boumaiza (1986: 604–605, 607, 608, 611, 613, 618–621, 624–627, 630–633): dichotomous key, illustrations. Gagneur & Clergue-Gazeau (1988: 283): listed but locality unspecified. Clergue- Gazeau et al. (1991: 54): listed but locality unspecified. Tunis Province, Tozeur Oasis: Grenier (1953: 148): reported (as S. equinum Mediterranean form). Bizert, Jendouba, Nabel, and Tunis Provinces: Bailly-Choumara et al. (1971: 380–881): brief description of breeding sites (as S. mediterraneum). Medjerda Basin, Northwestern and Eastern Tunisia, Ichkeul Lake Hydrosystem, Southern Watercourses: Boumaiza & Clergue-Gazeau (1986: 32–34, 37): distribution map, ecology at breeding sites.

Libya: Northern Cyrenaica: Crosskey & Ashford (1981: 648–651): first record for Libya, previous taxonomic confusion by Bezzi (1921), Tedeschi (1930), Zavatarri (1930, 1934), and Parrot (1949) clarified. Adler & Crosskey (2018: 116): inventoried.

Comment: Simulium pseudequinum has adapted well to disturbed watercourses, and is one of the most abundant and widespread black flies in the Mediterranean Basin. It is a strong candidate for cryptic diversity and in this regard would be an excellent subject for chromosomal and molecular investigation.

Simulium (Wilhelmia) quadrifila Grenier, Faure & Laurent, 1957

Morocco: Rif, Pré Rif, Plain of Meknès, Middle Atlas, Coastal Méséta, High Atlas: Belqat et al. (2011: 56–57): inventoried with faunistic and bibliographical details.

Algeria: Tlemcen Mountains: Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306–307): first record for Algeria, ecological affinities, collecting localities. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2014: 1017–1022): recorded, physical characterization of habitat. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis (2016: 37–39, 43–45, 98–144): diagnosis, figures, distribution, biogeographic considerations, population structure.

Simulium (Wilhelmia) sergenti Edwards, 1923

= ariasi Séguy, 1925 [Spain]

Morocco: Rif, Pré Rif, Middle Atlas, Central Plateau, Coastal Méséta, High Atlas: Belqat et al. (2011: 56): inventoried with faunistic and bibliographical details.

Algeria: Séguy (1925: 42): listed, illustrations of male genitalia and pupa. Grenier (1953: 152): listed. Batna and Biskra Provinces: Edwards (1923: 647, 652–653): described as new species, compared with S. pseudequinum (equinum), male genitalia illustrated. Parrot (1949: 273–274): recorded. Algiers and Biskra Provinces: Belazzoug & Tabet-Derraz (1980: 107): listed. Djurdjura Mountains: Lounaci et al. (2000b: 127, 133): occurrence, abundance. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306): listed. Haouchine & Lounaci (2012: 143): occurrence, abundance. Tlemcen Mountains: Gagneur & Clergue-Gazeau (1988: 276–283): biogeography, ecology. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2012: 306–307): collecting locality. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis et al. (2014: 1017–1021): physical characterization of habitat. Chaoui Boudghane-Bendiouis (2016: 39–40, 41–45, 98–144): diagnosis, figures, distribution, biogeographic considerations, population structure.

Tunisia: Clergue-Gazeau & Boumaiza (1986: 604–605, 607, 608, 611, 613, 618–621, 624–627, 632–633): recorded, dichotomous key, illustrations. Gagneur & Clergue-Gazeau (1988: 283): listed but locality unspecified. Clergue-Gazeau et al. (1991: 54): listed but locality unspecified. Adler & Crosskey (2018: 116): inventoried. Northwestern Tunisia, Ichkeul Lake Hydrosystem: Boumaiza & Clergue-Gazeau (1986: 32–34, 37): first record for Tunisia, collecting sites, distribution map, ecology at breeding sites.