Anastrepha hyperacantha Norrbom & Korytkowski, 2012, new species

Anastrepha hyperacantha, new species

Figs. 9, 10, 44, 45, 46, 64, 65, 66, 67, 82, 96, 112, 113

Diagnosis. Anastrepha hyperacantha differs from most other species of Anastrepha by its pattern of dorsobasal denticles on the eversible membrane, with one medial denticle much larger than the others. In this regard it is similar to other species of the megacantha clade, but differs as indicated in the key.

In the key of Steyskal (1977) it runs to A. xanthochaeta Hendel, which differs in having orange setae and the aculeus tip slightly broader (0.065–0.090 mm, 1.07–1.23 times as long as wide vs. 0.12 mm, 1.82 times as long as wide in A. xanthochaeta) and with the serrations only on the lateral margin (not extended onto the dorsal side as in A. xanthochaeta), or A. similis Greene, which has a longer aculeus, vein R 2 + 3 nonsinuous, and the apex of vein M less curved and not extended to the S-band. The aculeus tip also resembles that of A. sinvali Zucchi, which also differs in having orange setae, vein R 2 + 3 nonsinuous, and vein M not extended to the S-band.

Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae red brown to black.

Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3–4 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, at most 1.5 times as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, slightly concave on dorsal two-thirds. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Palpus in lateral view dorsally curved, evenly setulose.

Thorax: Mostly yellow to orange, with following areas white (poorly differentiated in type specimens): postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including base of intra-alar seta; entire scutellum; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Medial scutal vitta not apparent. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange. Mesonotum 3.32–3.53 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, scutum, and scutellum entirely microtrichose; scutal setulae mostly orange, laterally orange brown. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Katepisternal seta weak, approximately one-third to half as long as anepisternal seta, but much weaker, orange to orange brown.

Legs: Entirely yellow to orange.

Wing (Figs. 44–46): Length 8.33–8.84 mm, width 3.60–3.75 mm, ratio 2.28–2.34. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.63–0.65 wing length, aligned with or distal to level of anterior end of crossvein r–m. Cell c 0.86–0.90 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 5.42 –6.00 times as long as wide. Vein R 2 + 3 moderately to strongly sinuous. Crossvein r–m at 0.68–0.70 distance from bm–cu to dm–cu on vein M. Vein M very strongly curved apically; cell r 4 + 5 0.68–0.89 times as wide at apex as at level of dm–cu. Cell bcu with distal lobe moderately long, length of bcu 1.52–1.63 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.68–0.89 times as long as vein A 1 +Cu 2. Wing pattern mostly orange and moderate brown. C-band mostly orange, slightly paler at least posteromedially in cells bc and c, darker orange brown in pterostigma and with brownish streak in cell br. C-band and S-band narrowly connected to well separated along costa, broadly separated along veins R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 by hyaline band that extends from cell bm, slightly to strongly narrowed anteriorly in cell r 1 and sometimes narrowly yellowish bordering costa. Basal hyaline area in cell dm relatively small. Basal half of S-band mostly orange, posterodistal margin brown, very broadly in cell cu 1, without or with weak incision in cell cu 1, proximal margin narrowly brown in radial cells; distal section orange brown and moderate brown, medium width to moderately broad, at apex of vein R 2 + 3 0.49–0.63 times width of cell r 2 + 3, extended to apex of vein M; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extending to vein R 2 + 3 or very slightly into cell r 1. V-band complete, mostly brown except proximal arm very narrowly orange bordering most of dm–cu and medially or in most of section in cell r 4 + 5, proximal arm separated from S-band, on posterior margin extended at least three-fourths distance to vein A 1 +Cu 2; distal arm connected to proximal arm; cell r 4 + 5 with distinct hyaline area between V-band and vein M.

Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings. Setulae orange brown.

Male terminalia (Fig. 112, 113): Lateral surstylus relatively short, extended beyond prensisetae by 1.4–1.5 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view slightly posteriorly curved, rapidly tapering to relatively blunt apex; in posterior view broadly rounded, lateral and medial margins convex. Proctiger with ventral and lateral sclerotized areas connected but lateral areas separate dorsally. Phallus 3.9 mm long, 1.18 times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.60 mm long.

Female terminalia: Oviscape 2.42–2.67 mm long, 0.70–0.76 times as long as mesonotum, straight in lateral view, entirely orange or orange brown except basal half on ventral side; spiracle at basal 0.30–0.33. Eversible membrane (Figs. 64–67) with 1 very large medial hooklike denticle and 10–18 smaller hooklike dorsobasal denticles, no more than half as long as medial denticle, in 1–3 V-shaped rows in suboval pattern. Aculeus (Figs. 82) straight to very slightly ventrally curved in lateral view, 2.06–2.19 mm long, 0.85–0.87 times as long as oviscape, in ventral view base slightly expanded, 0.19–0.23 mm wide; shaft gradually tapered, 0.065–0.090 mm wide at midlength; tip (Figs. 96) 0.075–0.105 mm long, 0.04–0.05 times aculeus length, 0.065–0.090 mm wide, 1.07–1.23 times as long as wide, slightly tapered on basal half, apical 0.48–0.53 triangular and minutely serrate, 0.025–0.050 mm wide in lateral view, 0.36–0.56 times ventral width. Spermathecae elongate ovoid.

Distribution. Anastrepha hyperacantha is known only from eastern Ecuador (Orellana).

Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species are unknown.

Type data. Holotype Ƥ (deposited in trust at USNM for eventual deposit in EPNE, USNMENT 00054653), ECUADOR: Orellana: Reserva Etnica Waorani, Onkone Gare Camp, 1 km S, Transect Ent., 0° 39 ' 10 "S 76 ° 26 'W, transect 9, station 1, 220 m, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, 5 Feb 1996, T. L. Erwin et al. Project MAXUS Lot 1421. Paratypes: ECUADOR: Orellana: Reserva Etnica Waorani, Onkone Gare Camp, 1 km S, Transect Ent., 0° 39 ' 10 "S 76 ° 26 'W, transect 6, station 8, 220 m, insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, 9 Oct 1994, T. L. Erwin et al. Project MAXUS Lot 927, 13 (EPNE USNMENT 00054748); same, transect 6, station 5, 2 Jul 1995, Lot 1085, 13 (USNM USNMENT 00054555); same, transect 2, station 9, 30 Sep 1996, Lot 1679, 1Ƥ (USNM USNMENT 00053632); same, transect 9, station 2, 6 Oct 1994, Lot 871, 1Ƥ (USNM USNMENT 00054755).

Etymology. This name is a noun in apposition, from the Greek “hyper”, meaning beyond or very, and “akantha”, meaning thorn, in reference to the much larger hooklike denticle on the eversible membrane.