Published December 31, 2015 | Version v1
Taxonomic treatment Open

Galaxiella pusilla Mack 1936

Description

Galaxiella pusilla Mack, 1936

Dwarf galaxias

Tables 2 to 3; Figs. 3 to 4, 9b, 10b, 11 and 13

Galaxias pusillus Mack, 1936: 101 (holotype NMV A.97, paratypes NMV A.98 (1), NMV A.388–390 (3); type locality ‘Cardinia Creek, about 30 miles east of Melbourne, Victoria’)— Massola 1938: 129; Whitley 1939: 268; Stokell 1945: 126; Shipway 1953; 173; McDowall 1971: 36; Dixon 1972: 121; McDowall 1973: 193; Andrews 1976 (partim): 324.

Galaxias pucillus — Mack, 1936: 101 (misprint in legend of Fig. 2).

Brachygalaxias pusillus — Scott 1942: 55; Stokell 1954: 412; Whitley 1956a: 34; 1956b: 39 (partim); 1957: 6; 1960: 29; 1964: 35; Scott 1966: 246 (partim); Frankenberg 1966a: 162; 1966b: 32; 1967: 227 (partim); 1968: 172; Lake 1971: 20 (partim); Scott 1971: 3 (partim); Dixon 1972: 121; Frankenberg 1974: 119; Pollard 1980: 348 (partim).

Brachygalaxias pusillus pusillus — Munro 1957: 18 (partim); Frankenberg 1969: 185 (partim); Frankenberg 1971: 94 (partim); McDowall1973: 193; Scott 1971: 3.

Brachygalaxias pusillus flindersiensis Scott, 1971: 6 (holotype: QVM 1969:5:35 (previously 1969.5.25a); paratypes: AMS I.16158-001 (1), BMNH 1972.1.27.1 (1), QVM 1969:5:34 (12); type locality: ‘Lackrana, Flinders Island, Furneaux Group, Bass Strait’);– Green 1974: 3; Frankenberg 1974: 114.

Brachygalaxias pusillus tasmaniensis Scott, 1971: 3 (holotype: QVM 1971.5.48 (listed in error as 1970/5/25 a in original description); paratypes: AMS I.16159-001 (1), BMNH 1972.1.27.2 (1), QVM 1971:5:50 (11); type locality ‘from a soak from a dam flowing towards the coast (northward) on Marengo, Waterhouse Estate, Dorset, Tasmania’); Green 1974: 3; Frankenberg 1974: 114.

Galaxiella pusilla — McDowall 1978b: 309; Lake 1978: 26 (partim); Backhouse & Vanner 1978: 129 (partim); McDowall 1980: 55 (partim); McDowall & Frankenberg 1981: 552 (partim); Backhouse 1983: 6 (partim); Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983: 75 (partim); Humphries 1983: 4 (partim); Johnson et al. 1983: 50; Last et al. 1983: 201 (partim); Merrick & Schmida 1984: 98 (partim); Humphries 1986: 133; Allen 1989: 44 (partim), 89; Berra & Allen 1989: 293 (partim); Breen et al. 1989: 1; Paxton et al. 1989: 179 (partim); Fulton 1990: 39 (partim); Koehn & Morison 1990: 20 (partim); Andrews 1991: 59 (partim); Pen et al. 1993: 848 (partim); Humphries 1995: 1159 (partim); Unmack & Paras 1995: 398 (partim); Westbury 1995: 1 (partim); Chilcott & Humphries 1996: 147 (partim); McDowall & Fulton 1996: 70 (partim); Koster 1997: 9 (partim); Raadik & Zampatti 1998: 6; McDowall 1999: 936; 2000: 1123 (partim); Waters et al. 2000: 794; Unmack 2001: 1060 (partim); Allen et al. 2002: 111 (partim); Fields 2002: 3 (partim); Koster 2003: 268 (partim); McDowall & Waters 2004: 24; Romanowski 2004: 80 (partim); Kuiter 2005: 162 (partim); Hardie et al. 2006: 238; McDowall 2006: 356 (partim); Paxton et al. 2006: 408 (partim); Raadik 2006: 139; Threatened Species Section 2006: 44 (partim); Galeotti et al. 2010: 13 (partim); Saddlier et al. 2010: 3 (partim); Stoessel 2010: 2; McDowall & Burridge 2011: 9; Burridge et al. 2012: 313; Hammer et al. 2012: 62; Crook & Gillanders 2013: 207 (partim); Hammer et al. 2013: 70 (partim); King et al. 2013: 165 (partim); Koehn & Kennard 2013: 91; Kuiter 2013: 84 (partim), images pp 84-85, images top p. 86, images p. 87; Lieschke et al. 2013a: 15; Lieschke et al. 2013b: 235; Lintermans 2013c: 286 (partim); Raadik 2014: 160 (partim); Galeotti et al. 2015: 189.

Galaxiella pusilla ‘east region’— Coleman et al. 2010: 1911; Unmack et al. 2012: 1; Coleman et al. 2013: 1821.

Notes

Published as part of Coleman, Rhys A., Hoffmann, Ary A. & Raadik, Tarmo A., 2015, A review of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia with a description of a new species, pp. 243-281 in Zootaxa 4021 (2) on pages 266-267, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/236167

Files

Files (4.7 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:754c362cb64b18dfed6c1e8db39ab136
4.7 kB Download

System files (52.5 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:1911ec365296505b4d48e70bbb2c6dee
52.5 kB Download

Linked records

Additional details

Biodiversity

Family
Galaxiidae
Genus
Galaxiella
Kingdom
Animalia
Order
Osmeriformes
Phylum
Chordata
Scientific name authorship
Mack
Species
pusilla
Taxon rank
species
Taxonomic concept label
Galaxiella pusilla Mack, 1936 sec. Coleman, Hoffmann & Raadik, 2015

References

  • Mack, G. (1936) Victorian species of the genus Galaxias, with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the National Museum Victoria, 9, 98 - 101.
  • Massola, A. (1938) Description of a new species of Galaxia. The Aquarium Journal, 11, 129 - 130.
  • Whitley, G. P. (1939) Studies in ichthyology No. 12. Records of the Australian Museum, 20, 264 - 277. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.20.1939.576
  • Stokell, G. (1945) The systematic arrangement of the New Zealand Galaxiidae. Part I. Generic and subgeneric classification. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 75, 124 - 137.
  • Shipway, B. (1953) Additional records of fishes occurring in the fresh waters of Western Australia. Western Australian Naturalist, 3, 173 - 177.
  • McDowall, R. M. (1971) The galaxiid fishes of South America. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 50, 33 - 73. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1971. tb 00751. x
  • Dixon, J. M. (1972) Catalogue of galaxiid types (Pisces: Galaxiidae) in the National Museum of Victoria, Australia. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 33, 121 - 122.
  • McDowall, R. M. (1973) Limitation of the genus Brachygalaxias Eigenmann, 1928 (Pisces: Galaxiidae). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 3, 193 - 197. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03036758.1973.10430601
  • Andrews, A. P. (1976) A revision of the family Galaxiidae (Pisces) in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 27, 297 - 349. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 9760297
  • Scott, E. O. G. (1942) Description of Tasmanian mud trout, Galaxias (Galaxias) upcheri sp. nov.: with a note on the genus Bachygalaxias Eigenmann, 1924, and its occurrence in Australia. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, 1, 51 - 57.
  • Stokell, G. (1954) Contributions to galaxiid taxonomy. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 82, 411 - 418.
  • Whitley, G. P. (1956 a) The story of Galaxias. Australian Museum Magazine, 12, 30 - 34.
  • Scott, E. O. G. (1966) The genera of the Galaxiidae. Australian Zoologist, 13, 244 - 258.
  • Frankenberg, R. S. (1966 a) Fishes of the family Galaxiidae. Australian Natural History, 15, 161 - 164.
  • Lake, J. S. (1971) Freshwater Fishes and Rivers of Australia. Nelson, Melbourne, 61 pp.
  • Scott, E. O. G. (1971) On the occurrence in Tasmania and on Flinders Island of Brachygalaxias Eigenmann, 1928 (Pisces: Galaxiidae) with descriptions of two new subspecies. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, 37, 1 - 14.
  • Frankenberg, R. S. (1974) Native freshwater fish. In: Williams, W. D. (Ed.), Biogeography and ecology in Tasmania. Monographiae Biolicae, 25, 113 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 010 - 2337 - 5 _ 6
  • Pollard, J. (Ed.) (1980) G. P. Whitley's Handbook of Australian Fishes. Jack Pollard Publishing, North Sydney, 629 pp.
  • Munro, I. S. R. (1957) Handbook of Australian fishes. No. 7. Australian. Fisheries Newsletter, 16, 15 - 18.
  • Frankenberg, R. S. (1969) Studies on the evolution of galaxiid fishes with particular reference to the Australian fauna. PhD Thesis, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 205 pp.
  • Frankenberg, J. (1971) Nature conservation in Victoria. Victorian National Parks Association, Melbourne, 145 pp.
  • Green, R. H. (1974) A catalogue of the type material in the Queen Victoria Museum, Launceston. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, 52, 1 - 15.
  • McDowall, R. M. (1978 b) Sexual dimorphism in an Australian galaxiid. Australian Zoologist, 19, 309 - 314.
  • Lake, J. S. (1978) Australian Freshwater Fishes. Nelson, Melbourne, 160 pp.
  • Backhouse, G. N. & Vanner, R. W. (1978) Observations on the biology of the dwarf galaxiid, Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Pisces: Galaxiidae). Victorian Naturalist, 95, 128 - 132.
  • McDowall, R. M. (1980) 10 Family Galaxiidae Galaxiids. In: McDowall, R. M. (Ed.), Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Reed Books, Sydney, pp. 55 - 69.
  • McDowall, R. M. & Frankenberg, R. S. (1981) The galaxiid fishes of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 33, 443 - 605. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.33.1981.195
  • Cadwallader, P. L. & Backhouse, G. N. (1983) A Guide to the Freshwater Fish of Victoria. Victorian Government Printing Office, Melbourne, 249 pp.
  • Humphries, P. (1983) Aspects of the biology of the dwarf galaxiid, Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Salmoniformes: Galaxiidae). BSc (Hons) Thesis, Monash University, Clayton, 94 pp.
  • Johnson, C. R., Ratowsky, D. A. & White, R. W. G. (1983) Multivariate analysis of the phenotypic relationships of the species of Paragalaxias and Galaxias (Pisces: Galaxiidae) in Tasmania. Journal of Fish Biology, 23, 49 - 63. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1983. tb 02881. x
  • Last, P. R., Scott, E. O. G. & Talbot, F. H. (1983) Fishes of Tasmania. Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority, Hobart, 563 pp.
  • Merrick, J. R. & Schmida, G. E. (1984) Australian Freshwater Fishes: Biology and Management. J. R. Merrick, North Ryde, N. S. W., 409 pp.
  • Humphries, P. (1986) Observations on the ecology of Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Salmoniformes: Galaxiidae) in Diamond Creek, Victoria. Proceeding of the Royal Society of Victoria, 98, 133 - 137.
  • Berra, T. M. & Allen, G. R. (1989) Clarification of the differences between Galaxiella nigrostriata (Shipway, 1953) and Galaxiella munda McDowall, 1978 (Pisces: Galaxiidae) from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 14, 293 - 297.
  • Breen, P. F., Condina, P., Donnelly, A. & Muir, S. (1989) Pusilla Flats (Tirhatuan Wetlands). Ecology, development and management strategy. Technical Report No. 33. Dandenong Valley Authority, Dandenong, 42 pp.
  • Paxton, J. R., Hoese, D. F., Allen, G. R. & Hanley, J. E. (1989) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 7. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 pp.
  • Fulton, W. (1990) Tasmanian Freshwater Fishes. Fauna of Tasmania handbook no. 7. University of Tasmania, Hobart, 80 pp.
  • Koehn, J. D. & Morison, A. K. (1990) A review of the conservation status of native freshwater fish in Victoria. Victorian Naturalist, 107, 5 - 12.
  • Andrews, A. P. (1991) Observations on the Tasmanian mudfish, Galaxias cleaveri (Pisces: Galaxiidae). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 125, 55 - 59.
  • Pen, L. J., Gill, H. S., Humphries, P. & Potter, I. C. (1993) Biology of the black-stripe minnow Galaxiella nigrostriata, including comparisons with the other two Galaxiella species. Journal of Fish Biology, 43, 847 - 863. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1993. tb 01160. x
  • Humphries, P. (1995) Life history, food and habitat of southern pygmy perch, Nannoperca australis, in the Macquarie River, Tasmania. Marine and Freshwater Research, 46, 1159 - 1169. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 9951159
  • Unmack, P. J. & Paras, G. J. (1995) Galaxiella pusilla: around Melbourne, going, going, nearly gone. Fishes of Sahul, 9, 398 - 400.
  • Westbury, T. (1995) Conservation ecology of the dwarf galaxias, Galaxiella pusilla (Galaxiidae), with implications for management. BSc (Hons) Thesis, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 84 pp.
  • Chilcott, S. J. & Humphries, P. (1996) Freshwater fish of northeast Tasmania with notes on the dwarf galaxias. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, 103, 145 - 149.
  • McDowall, R. M. & Fulton, W. (1996) Family Galaxiidae. In: McDowall, R. M. (Ed.), Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Reed books, Sydney, pp. 52 - 77.
  • Koster, W. (1997) A study of the interactions between dwarf galaxias (Galaxiella pusilla), southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis) and eastern gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki). BSc (Hons) Thesis, Deakin University, Clayton, 88 pp.
  • Raadik, T. A. & Zampatti, B. (1998) An assessment of barriers to fish migration in the lower Dandenong and Eumemmering Creek systems. Report to Melbourne Water. Freshwater Ecology Division, Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, Melbourne, 27 pp.
  • McDowall, R. M. (1999) Caudal skeleton in Galaxias and allied genera (Teleostei: Galaxiidae). Copeia, 4, 932 - 929. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447968
  • Waters, J. M., Lopez, J. A. & Wallis, G. P. (2000) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Galaxiid fishes (Osteichthyes: Galaxiidae): dispersal, vicariance, and the position of Lepidogalaxias salamandroides. Systematic Biology, 49, 777 - 795. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 106351500750049824
  • Allen, G. R., Midgley, S. H. & Allen, M. (2002) Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, 394 pp.
  • Fields, L. (2002) Bringing the Eastern Little Galaxia back to Melbourne. ANGFA Victoria VICNEWS May, 3 - 4.
  • Koster, W. (2003) Threatened species of the world: Galaxiella pusilla (Mack 1936) (Galaxiidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 68, 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1027339104903
  • McDowall, R. M. & Waters, J. M. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships in a small group of diminutive galaxiid fishes and the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 34, 23 - 57. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2004.9517762
  • Romanowski, N. (2004) Notes on dwarf galaxias Galaxiella pusilla. Fishes of Sahul, 18, 80 - 86.
  • Kuiter, R. H. (2005) More on dwarf galaxias. Fishes of Sahul, 19, 160 - 163.
  • Hardie, S., Jackson, J. E., Barmuta, L. A. & White, R. W. G. (2006) Status of galaxiid fishes in Tasmania, Australia: conservation listings, threats and management issues. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 16, 235 - 250. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / aqc. 722
  • McDowall, R. M. (2006) Crying wolf, crying foul, or crying shame: alien salmonids and a biodiversity crisis in the southern cool-temperate galaxioid fishes? Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 16, 233 - 422. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11160 - 006 - 9017 - 7
  • Paxton, J. R., Gates, J. E., Bray, D. J. & Hoese, D. F. (2006) Galaxiinae. In Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Paxton, J. R., Allen, G. R. Fishes. In: Beesley, P. L. & Wells, A. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Part 1. ABRS and CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 402 - 411.
  • Raadik, T. A. (2006). Chapter 13 Freshwater Fishes. In Melbourne's Wildlife. A Field Guide to the Fauna of Greater Melbourne. Museum Victoria and CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 113 - 148.
  • Threatened Species Section (2006) Recovery Plan: Tasmanian Galaxiidae 2006 - 2010. Department of Primary Industries, Water, Hobart, 85 pp.
  • Galeotti, D. M., McCullough, C. D. & Lund, M. A. (2010) Black-stripe minnow Galaxiella nigrostriata (Shipway 1953) (Pisces: Galaxiidae), a review and discussion. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 93, 13 - 20.
  • Saddlier, S., Jackson, J. & Hammer, M. (2010) National recovery plan for the dwarf galaxias Galaxiella pusilla. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne, 21 pp.
  • Stoessel, D. (2010) Needle in a haystack: assessment of the status of Dwarf Galaxias (Galaxiella pusilla) at six sites in the West Gippsland Region, with reference to a pilot sampling protocol. Client report 2010 / 95 prepared for the West Gippsland Catchment Management Authority. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria, 19 pp.
  • McDowall, R. M. & Burridge, C. P. (2011) Osteology and relationships of the southern freshwater lower euteleostean fishes. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 87, 7 - 185. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 201000020
  • Burridge, C. P., McDowall, R. M., Craw, D., Wilson, M. V. H. & Waters, J. M. (2012) Marine dispersal as a pre-requisite for Gondwanan vicariance among elements of the galaxiid fish fauna. Journal of Biogeography, 39, 306 - 321. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2011.02600. x
  • Crook, D. A. & Gillanders, B. M. (2013) Chapter 8. Age and growth. In: Humphries, P. & Walker, K. (Eds.), Ecology of Australian Freshwater Fishes, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 195 - 221.
  • Hammer, M. P., Adams, A. & Hughes, J. M. (2013) Chapter 3. Evolutionary processes and biodiversity. In: Ecology of Australian Freshwater Fishes. Humphries, P. & Walker, K. (Eds.), CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 49 - 79.
  • King, A. J., Humphries, P. & McCasker, N. G. (2013) Chapter 7. Reproduction and early life history. In: Ecology of Australian Freshwater Fishes. Humphries, P. & Walker, K. (Eds.), CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 159 - 193.
  • Koehn, J. D. & Kennard, M. J. (2013) Chapter 4. Habitats. In: Ecology of Australian Freshwater Fishes. Humphries, P. & Walker, K. (Eds.), CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 81 - 103.
  • Kuiter, R. H. (2013) Pictorial Guide to Victoria's Freshwater Fishes. Aquatic Photographics, Seaford, 178 pp.
  • Lieschke, J. A., Dodd, L., Stoessel, D., Raadik, T. A., Steelcable, A., Kitchingman, A. and Ramsey, D. (2013 a) The status of fish populations in Victorian rivers 2004 - 2011 - Part A. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 246. Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Heidelberg, Victoria, 147 pp.
  • Lieschke, J. A., Dodd, L., Stoessel, D., Raadik, T. A., Steelcable, A., Kitchingman, A. & Ramsey, D. (2013 b) The status of fish populations in Victorian rivers 2004 - 2011 - Part B: Individual basin assessments. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 247. Department of Environment and Primary Industries, Heidelberg, Victoria, 353 pp.
  • Lintermans, M. (2013) Chapter 12. Conservation and management. In: Ecology of Australian Freshwater Fishes. Humphries, P. & Walker, K. (Eds.), CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, pp. 283 - 316.
  • Galeotti, D. M., Castalanelli, M. A., Groth, D. M., McCullough, C. & Lund, M. A. (2015) Genotypic and morphological variation between Galaxiella nigrostriata (Galaxiidae) populations: implications for conservation. Marine and Freshwater Research, 66, 187 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 13289
  • Coleman, R. A., Pettigrove, V., Raadik, T. A., Hoffmann, A. A., Miller, A. D. & Carew, M. E. (2010) Microsatellite markers and mtDNA indicate two distinct groups in dwarf galaxias, Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Pisces: Galaxiidae), a threatened freshwater fish from south-eastern Australia. Conservation Genetics, 11, 1911 - 1928. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10592 - 010 - 0082 - z
  • Unmack, P. J., Bagley, J. C., Adams, M., Hammer, M. P. & Johnson, J. B. (2012) Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of the Australian freshwater fish genus Galaxiella, with an emphasis on dwarf galaxias (G. pusilla). PLoS ONE, 7, e 38433. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0038433
  • Coleman, R. A., Weeks, A. R. & Hoffmann, A. A. (2013) Balancing genetic uniqueness and genetic variation in determining conservation and translocation strategies: a comprehensive case study of threatened dwarf galaxias, Galaxiella pusilla (Mack) (Pisces: Galaxiidae). Molecular Ecology, 22, 1820 - 1835. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 12227