Cotesia vestalis Haliday 1834

Cotesia vestalis (Haliday, 1834)

Distribution in Iran. Alborz (Golizadeh et al. 2007 as C. plutellae), East Azarbaijan (Rastegar et al. 2012 as C. plutellae), Isfahan (Afiunizadeh Isfahani and Karimzadeh Isfahani 2010 as C. plutellae; Ghahari et al. 2011c as C. plutellae), Tehran (Hassanshahi et al. 2012a, b as C. plutellae).

Distribution outside Iran. Afghanistan, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cape Verde Islands, China, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Libya, Macedonia, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, USA, Ukraine, UK, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia (Yu et al. 2012), Australia, Sakhalin (Shenefelt 1972), Réunion (Rousse & Gupta 2013),

Host records. C. plutellae is the most efficient parasitoid of diamondback moth in almost regions of the world (Hirashima et al. 1989; Okine et al. 1998; Liu et al. 2000; Manyangirwa et al. 2009). Larval parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Golizadeh et al. 2007; Afiunizadeh Isfahani and Karimzadeh Isfahani 2010; Hassanshahi et al. 2012a, b; Yu et al. 2012). The effect of host plant resistance on foraging behaviour and parasitism success of C. plutellae was studied by Karimzadeh et al. (2004). In Vietnam, it has been reported from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Long and Belokobylskij 2003; Yu et al. 2012). Also, it has been reported from Plutella xylostella, Aglais urtacae, Pieris rapae, P. brassicae, Anthocaris cardamines, Cucullia chamomillae, Spilosema urtacae, Malacosoma castrensis, Ocnogyna boetica, Thaumetopoea herculeana, Agdistis bennetii, Hyphantria cunea (Shenefelt 1972; Yu et al. 2012), Oeobia verbascali, Cucullia verbascae, Orgyia sp. near antique (Shenefelt 1972). According to Nixon (1974) and Yu et al. (2012), this species has been found as a solitary parasitoid reported from Aglais urticae, Agdistis bennetii (England), Spilosoma urticae (British Island), Anthocharis cardamines (England), Maniola jurtina (Sicilly Island), Malacosoma castrensis, Plutella xylostella, Thaumetopea herculeana and Ocnogyna baeticum (Morocco). In Uzbekistan, it has been reported from Chrysodeixis chalcites (Tobias 1986; Yu et al. 2012). Yu et al. (2012) reported Acrolyta nens, Agasthenes varitarsus, Arctia tigrina, Athetis hospes, Autographa gamma, A. nigrisigna, Boloria (Proclossiana) eunomia, Brachymeria excarinata, Cadra cautella, Clypeoplex cerophagus, Cnephasia sedana, Conistra staudingeri, Conura camescens, C. hirtifemora, Corcyra cephalonica, Crocidolomia pavonana, Diadegma semiclausum, Diaglyptidea conformis, Diatora prodeniae, Dibrachys microgastri, Elasmus nudus, Epicallia villica, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Eurodryas aurinia, Eurytoma apantelesi, Gelis agilis, G. a rea t o r, Helicoverpa armigera, Hellula undalis, Hipparchia semele, Hyphoraia aulica, Lacanobia oleracea, Loxostege sticticalis, Malacosoma neustria, Mesochorus anomalus, M. discitergus, M. orbitalis, Mokrzeckia orientalis, Nesolyns thymus, Noctua fimbriata, Nymphalis polychloros, Ocnogyna loewii, Oomyzus sokolowskii, Podisus maculiventris, Shargacucullia verbasci, Simyra dentinosa, Sitochroa verticalis, Solenopsis invicta, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spiris striata, Spodoptera exigua, S. litura, Tetrastichus sp., Thymetopoea processionea, Tischeria sp., Trichomalopsis apanteloctena, T. shirakii, T. viridascens, Trichoplusia ni, Vanessa cardui.