Tephritis maccus

Key to the species of the Tephritis maccus species group

1 Aculeus gradually tapered to apex, with or without preapical steps. Flagellomere 1 apically rounded. Wing pattern reticulate, radiate or banded; cell r1 with two or three hyaline spots or indentations (if with two spots in r1 and wing apex and cell m with narrow dark rays, then cell dm mostly dark with 3–5 hyaline spots); [spermathecae shape variable]... Other Tephritis species

- Aculeus moderately broad, sharply tapered subapically to short narrow apex (Fig. 12). Flagellomere 1 apically acute. Wing pattern radiate (apex and cell m with narrow dark rays), cell r1 either without hyaline spots (Fig. 4) or with only one large hyaline spot or indentation (if rarely with two spots the distal spot is tiny); spermathecae pear-shaped (Fig. 23)............. 2

2 Cell r1 without large hyaline spots or at most with one small or large hyaline spot; apical fork with base broadly connected to main pattern (base of apical fork as wide as or wider than length of crossvein r-m); cell dm dark except extreme base and one hyaline spot on distal half (Figs. 3–4), rarely with a second tiny spot near apex (Fig. 3); Iraq, Iran and Turkmenistan.............................................................................................. T. urelliosomima

- Cell r1 with one large (and sometimes with one smaller) hyaline spot; apical fork with base narrowly connected to main pattern (base of apical fork clearly lesser than length of crossvein r-m); if broadly connected then cell dm with 2–3 transverse brown rays and at least basal ¼ of cell dm hyaline................................................................. 3

3 Brown ray in cell dm basal to level of r-m long, reaching middle of cell cu1 (Figs. 5–8). In female cell r4+5 at level of dm-cu without (Fig. 7) or with hyaline spot (Figs. 5–6, 8).......................................................... 4

- Brown ray in cell dm basal to level of r-m absent or short, at most reaching vein Cu1, usually reaching only mid-width of cell dm (Figs. 1–2, 9). In female cell r4+5 at level of dm-cu always with hyaline spot.................................... 5

4 Brown rays in cell dm not merge to each other at Cu1 (Fig. 8). In female cell r1 with one large and rarely one small hyaline spot; the larger one reaches R2+3 (Fig. 8); aculeus about 3.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 31). Male wing with cell r1 usually including 2 hyaline spots: large one touching R2+3 or extending cell r2+3; Spain, France, Italy, Kyrghyzstan and Afghanistan. T. maccus

- Brown rays in cell dm connected to each other at Cu1 isolating one or two hyaline spots in dm (Figs. 5–7). In female cell r1 with only one large hyaline spot not reaching R2+3 (Figs. 6–7); aculeus, about 2.8 times as long as wide (Fig. 20). Male wing with cell r1 including only one hyaline spot that never enters cell r2+3 (Fig. 6); Iran........................ T. gharalii sp. nov.

5 Brown area around R2+3 apex with broad U-shaped darker spot (including small hyaline spot at R2+3 apex) darker than remain-

ing pattern (Fig. 9). Both male and female with 2 hyaline spots in cell r1 (Gentilini et al., 2006: figs. 30–33, 36–38). Oviscape about as long as tergites 4–6 combined. Fossil species from Italy......................................... T. sophus - Brown area around R2+3 apex as dark as remaining pattern. Female with one spot, male with 2 hyaline spots in cell r1 (Figs. 1– 2). Oviscape shorter than tergites 5 and 6 combined. Extent species. Azerbaijan and Iran....................... T. azari