Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published June 25, 2015 | Version v1
Taxonomic treatment Open

Eusimulium Roubaud

Creators

Description

Subgenus EUSIMULIUM Roubaud

Simulium angustipes Edwards

Dunbar (1958a, 1959, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘E’): Russia

Chubareva & Shcherbakov (1963a, notes on general polytene features; as E. securiforme): [Russia]

Chubareva & Shcherbakov (1963b, notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and lowmagnification polytene complements and ectopic pairing; as E. securiforme): Russia

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘E’): [Russia]

Shcherbakov (1965a, photos of metaphase complement; as E. securiforme): Russia

Dunbar (1966b, chromosomal key; as E. aureum group [in part]): Britain

Simonenko (1966, description; inversions mapped; photos of polytene complement [low magnification], ectopic pairing of chromosome ends, and selected polymorphisms; as E. securiforme): Russia

Shcherbakov (1969a, photos of metaphase and interphase chromosomes; as E. securiforme): Russia

Chubareva (1979a, notes on general polytene features; as E. securiforme): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as E. securiforme): Armenia

Chubareva (1980a, description, idiogram, partial comparison with S. reginae; as E. securiforme): Russia

Chubareva (1984, photos of metaphase and polytene complements; as E. securiforme): Russia

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘E’): Britain (England, Wales), Italy, Norway, Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as E. securiforme): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as E. securiforme): Russia

Day, Mustapha & Post (2010, diagnostic inversions mapped, low-magnification photos of chromosomes I and II): Britain (England)

Simulium aureum Fries

Dunbar (1958a, 1959, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IS and IL, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘F’): Britain (England, Scotland), Russia

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘F’): [Europe, Russia]

Dunbar (1966b, chromosomal key; as E. aureum group [in part]): Britain

Leonhardt (1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘F’): Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), Iceland, Norway, Russia

Leonhardt (1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘F’): Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Russia

Leonhardt & Feraday (1989, idiogram, male chiasmate meiosis, sex chromosomes; as E. aureum ‘F’): Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2000b, note on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Simulium azorense (Carlsson)

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘J’ [in part]): Azores

Leonhardt in Crosskey (1986, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement): Azores

Simulium brachyantherum Rubtsov

Chubareva (1977c, idiogram, notes on general polytene features and evolution of dichromosomic [n = 2] condition): [Uzbekistan]

Chubareva (1979a, notes on general polytene features; as E. brachianterum [sic]): Uzbekistan

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features; as E. brachyanterum [sic]): Armenia

Chubareva (1980a, description, partial comparison with S. reginae, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Uzbekistan

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Uzbekistan

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Uzbekistan

Simulium bracteatum Coquillett

Dunbar (1958a, 1958b, characterization; chosen as standard banding sequence for S. aureum group; idiogram; inversions mapped; origin of dichromosomic [n = 2] condition; photos of metaphase complement, all arms, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘sibling A’): Canada

Dunbar (1959, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of partial IIS, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘A’): Canada

Dunbar (1962, chromosomal key, description, idiogram, photo of polytene complement; as E. aureum ‘A’): Canada

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘A’): [Canada]

Rothfels & Mason (1975, male achiasmate meiosis; as E. aureum ‘A’): Canada

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male achiasmate meioisis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘A’): Canada, USA

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key; as S. aureum ‘A’): USA

Leonhardt & Feraday (1989, notes on male achiasmate meiosis and sex chromosomes; as E. aureum ‘A’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Simulium donovani Vargas Dunbar (1958a, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, IS, and IL with polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘G’): USA

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘G’): [USA]

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of sex chromosomes, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photos of partial IS and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘G’): Guatemala, USA

Leonhardt & Feraday (1989, idiogram, male chiasmate meiosis, sex chromosomes; as E. aureum ‘G’): Guatemala, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Simulium exulatum Adler, Currie & Wood 2004

Dunbar (1958a, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, IS, IL, and secondary nucleolus; resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘C’): Canada

Dunbar (1962, chromosomal key, description, idiogram, photo of polytene complement, as E. aureum ‘C’): Canada, USA

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘C’): [Canada]

Rothfels & Mason (1975, centromere shift; drawing of centromere shift; idiogram; linked inversions; male achiasmate meiosis; photos of IL end, IIS arm and centromere region, and selected polymorphisms; as E. aureum ‘C’): Canada

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘C’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Simulium guimari Becker

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘M’): Canary Islands

Adler in Crosskey & Báez (2004, diagnostic inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement): Canary Islands

Simulium kazahstanicum (Rubtsov)

Ismagulov (1993, notes on general polytene features [only abstract seen]): Kazakhstan

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Kazakhstan

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Kazakhstan

Chubareva & Petrova (2009b, description, low-magnification photos of mitotic and polytene complements): Kazakhstan

Simulium krymense (Rubtsov)

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Ukraine (Crimea)

Simulium mellah Giudicelli & Bouzidi

Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat (2015, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, photo of partial IS, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard): Algeria, Morocco

Simulium paucicuspis Rubtsov

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Tajikistan

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Tajikistan

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Tajikistan

Simulium petricolum (Rivosecchi)

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘J’): (country unspecified)

Leonhardt (1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IS, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘J’ [in part]): Greece, Italy, Madeira, Russia, Spain

Leonhardt (1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of IS partial, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘J’ [in part]): Greece, Ireland, Italy, Madeira, Russia, Spain

Rothfels (1988, notes on mimic inversions, photo of partial IS): (country unspecified)

Day, Mustapha & Post (2010, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): Britain (England)

Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat (2015, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard): Morocco

Simulium pilosum Knowlton & Rowe

Dunbar (1958a, 1958b, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, origin of dichromosomic [n = 2] condition, photos of metaphase and polytene complements and all arms, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘sibling B’): Canada

Dunbar (1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, partial IIS, and ectopic pairing of centromeres; resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘B’): Canada

Dunbar (1962, chromosomal key, description, idiogram, photo of polytene complement; as E. aureum ‘B’): Canada, USA

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘B’): [Canada]

Rothfels & Mason (1975, male achiasmate meiosis; as E. aureum ‘B’): Canada

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male achiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘B’): Canada, USA

Leonhardt & Feraday (1989, notes on male achiasmate meiosis and sex chromosomes): Canada

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key; as S. aureum ‘B’): USA

Currie & Adler (1986, notes on sex chromosomes; as S. aureum ‘cytospecies B’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on geographic variation, photo of polytene complement): Canada

Simulium reginae Terteryan

Chubareva (1979a, notes on general polytene features): Georgia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Georgia

Chubareva (1980a, description, partial comparison with S. angustipes [as E. securiforme] and S. brachyantherum, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Georgia

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia, Georgia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia, Georgia

Simulium rubzovianum (Sherban)

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘I’): (country unspecified)

Leonhardt (1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IS, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘I’): Britain (England, Scotland, Wales)

Leonhardt (1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IS, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘I’): Britain (England, Scotland, Wales), Germany

Dunbar in Rothfels (1989, notes on chromosomal distinction from S. aureum ‘K’; as S. aureum ‘sibling I’]: Gibraltar

Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat (2015, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, photos of IS [partial] and sex chromosomes, recognition of ‘Cytoform 4’ as probable species, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. velutinum ‘Cytospecies 1’ and S. velutinum ‘Cytoform 4’): Algeria, Finland, Iran, Italy, Morocco, Sweden, Turkey

Simulium velutinum (Santos Abreu)

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘L’): Canary Islands

Adler in Crosskey & Báez (2004, diagnostic inversion mapped, photo of polytene complement, possible conspecificity with S. rubzovianum [as S. velutinum]; as S. tenerificum): Canary Islands

Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat (2015, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; photos of IL [partial], IIL, and sex chromosomes; resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; tenerificum established as synonym of velutinum; as S. velutinum ‘Cytospecies 2’): Algeria, Canary Islands, Morocco

Simulium violator Adler, Currie & Wood

Dunbar (1958a, 1959, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IL and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as S. aureum ‘D’): Canada

Dunbar (1962, chromosomal key, description, idiogram; as E. aureum ‘D’): Canada

Dunbar (1965, cytodendrogram; as E. aureum ‘D’): [Canada]

Rothfels & Mason (1975, male achiasmate meiosis; as E. aureum ‘D’): Canada

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male achiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard; as E. aureum ‘D’): Canada

Adler & McCreadie (1997, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Simulium aureum ‘sibling K’ Leonhardt

Leonhardt (1985, 1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard): Gibraltar

Dunbar in Rothfels (1989, notes on chromosomal distinction from S. rubzovianum [as S. aureum ‘sibling I’]): Gibraltar

Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat (2015, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard): Spain

Simulium aureum ‘sibling N’ Leonhardt

Leonhardt (1987, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard): Italy

Simulium velutinum ‘Cytospecies 3’ Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat

Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat (2015, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, photos of IS and IIS with sex chromosomes, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard): Algeria

Simulium velutinum ‘Cytospecies 5’ Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat

Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui & Belqat (2015, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, photos of IL [partial] and IIS, resolution relative to S. aureum group standard): Morocco

Notes

Published as part of Adler, Peter H. & Crosskey, Roger W., 2015, Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus, pp. 1-139 in Zootaxa 3975 (1) on pages 49-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/192364

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Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

URL
http://treatment.plazi.org/id/363187A3FFD26F1AA1FBA41C4B53B481

Is part of
Journal article: 10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1 (DOI)
Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/192364 (URL)
Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/CA08FFDBFFE26F2EA16CA6264E6FB575 (URL)
Journal article: http://zoobank.org/711879C2-8A69-4F47-B637-2FA1852C23B8 (URL)
Is source of
https://sibils.text-analytics.ch/search/collections/plazi/363187A3FFD26F1AA1FBA41C4B53B481 (URL)
https://www.gbif.org/species/119631901 (URL)
https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/40068/taxon/363187A3FFD26F1AA1FBA41C4B53B481.taxon (URL)

Biodiversity

Family
Simuliidae
Genus
Eusimulium
Kingdom
Animalia
Order
Diptera
Phylum
Arthropoda
Scientific name authorship
Roubaud
Taxon rank
genus

References

  • Dunbar, R. W. (1958 a) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 53 pp.
  • Dunbar, R. W. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 495 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 058
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Shcherbakov, E. S. (1963 a) Some karyotypic data on polyploid populations in the family Simuliidae. In: Vtoroe Sovetshchanie po Poliploidii [Second Conference on Polyploidy], 14 - 18 Yanvarya [January] 1963 g. Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts,] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 66 - 67. [In Russian.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Shcherbakov, E. S. (1963 b) Study of karyotypes of some blackfly species (fam. Simuliidae). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 153, 1183 - 1185. [In Russian.]
  • Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269.
  • Shcherbakov, E. S. (1965 a) Seasonal dynamics of blackfly larvae (Simuliidae, Diptera) with different karyotypes and genome polymorphism. Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii, 26, 653 - 666. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Dunbar, R. W. (1966 b) Cytotaxonomic studies in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). In: Darlington, C. D. & Lewis, K. R. (Eds.), Chromosomes Today, Volume 1. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 179 - 181.
  • Simonenko, V. D. (1966) Variation of the karyotype in Eusimulium securiforme from a natural population. Genetika, 4, 83 - 88. [In Russian with English summary; the work is Volume 4 of Genetika but only No. 11 applying to the particular part appears on the title page.]
  • Shcherbakov, E. S. (1969 a) The heteropyknosis of supernumerary (B) chromosomes in simuliids (order Diptera) and genome homeostatis. Issledovaniia po Genetike, 3, 96 - 103. [In Russian.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1979 a) Karyotypical characters of black-flies of the genus Eusimulium Roub. in relation to other genera of Eusimuliini Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Ekologicheskie i Morfologicheskie Osnovy Sistematiki Dvukrylykh Nasekomykh [Ecological and Morphological Principles of Diptera Systematics (Insecta).] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 111 - 113. [In Russian; full English translation In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.) (1985) Systematics of Diptera (Insecta): Ecological and Morphological Principles. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, pp. 176 - 179. There are trivial differences in the title wording from the English title given in the original.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1980 a) Karyotypical features and taxonomic position of the genus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genetica, 52 / 53, 57 - 61.
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1984) Comparative analysis of karyotypes in the Simuliidae and Chironomidae. Zoolgichesky Zhurnal, 63, 1652 - 1660. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301
  • Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the " Eusimulium aureum " group with comparisons to " E. vernum " and " E. ruficorne " (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp.
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]
  • Day, J. C., Mustapha, M. & Post, R. J. (2010) The subgenus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) in Britain. Aquatic Insects, 32, 281 - 292.
  • Leonhardt, K. G. & Feraday, R. M. (1989) Sex chromosome evolution and population differentiation in the Eusimulium aureum group of black flies. Genome, 32, 543 - 549. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / g 89 - 481
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2000 b) Karyotypes of 17 species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Murmansk region. In: Sokhranenie Biologicheskogo Raznoobraziya Fennoskandii [Conservation of Biological Diversity of Fennoscandia.] Mezhdunarodnaya Konferentsiya, 30 Marta - 2 Aprelya 2000 g. [International Conference, 30 March - 2 April 2000], Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts]. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Petrozavodsk, Russia, p. 104. [In Russian.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Crosskey, R. W. (1986) The blackflies of the Azores archipelago (Diptera: Simuliidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 37, 101 - 115.
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1977 c) Karyotypical characters of blackflies of the genus Chelocnetha End. bloodsucking on birds. Tsitologiya, 19, 1042 - 1047. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Dunbar, R. W. (1958 b) The salivary gland chromosomes of two sibling species of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 36, 23 - 44.
  • Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp.
  • Rothfels, K. H. & Mason, G. F. (1975) Achiasmate meiosis and centromere shift in Eusimulium aureum (Diptera-Simuliidae). Chromosoma, 51, 111 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00319829
  • Adler, P. H. & Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88.
  • Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates.
  • Crosskey, R. W. & Baez, M. (2004) A synopsis of present knowledge of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands, including keys to the larval and pupal stages. Journal of Natural History, 38, 2085 - 2117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293032000140958
  • Ismagulov, A. G. (1993) Blackflies (Simuliidae, Diptera) of the highland regions of the south and southeast of the Republic of Kazakhstan (morphology and karyotypes). Abstract. Doctoral thesis, Zoologicheskii Institut, Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg, Russia, 22 pp. [In Russian.] [Abstract seen, not entire reference.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2009 b) Karyotypes of rare and little-known species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 19, 244 - 246.
  • Kachvoryan, E. A., Petrova, N. A. & Chubareva, L. A. (2003) The results of karyological study of the bloodsucking blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Armenia. Parazitologiya, 37, 89 - 102. [In Russian with English summary; title of the latter is less complete than the Russian version, reading ' The results of karyological study of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Armenia'.]
  • Rothfels, K. H. (1988) [1987] Cytological approaches to black fly taxonomy. In: Kim, K. C. & Merritt, R. W. (Eds.), Black flies: Ecology, Population Management, and Annotated World List. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 39 - 52.
  • Currie, D. C. & Adler, P. H. (1986) Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, with discussion of their origin and description of Simulium (Hellichiella) nebulosum n. sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 218 - 227. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 035
  • Rothfels, K. [H.] (1989) Speciation in black flies. Genome, 32, 500 - 509. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / g 89 - 475
  • Adler, P. H. & McCreadie, J. W. (1997) The hidden ecology of black flies: sibling species and ecological scale. American Entomologist, 43, 153 - 161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / ae / 43.3.153