Cryptophyllaspis Cockerell 1897
Description
The genus Cryptophyllaspis Cockerell, 1897 and its species
In 1897, Cockerell erected Cryptophyllaspis as a subgenus of Aspidiotus, with A. occultus Green, 1896 as the type species. Cockerell (1897) gave the following explanation for the erection of the new subgenus: “ A form discovered by Green in Ceylon, living in leaf-gall of Grewia ”. In 1899, Cockerell himself changed the status of Cryptophyllaspis from subgeneric to generic rank without any explanation. Fernald (1903) accepted the generic status of Cryptophyllaspis and considered it to be close to Aspidiotus.
Subsequently, a few other gall-forming diaspidids were included in the genus Cryptophyllaspis, namely C. ruebsaameni Cockerell, 1902; C. liquidambaris Kotinsky, 1903; C. elongata (Green, 1905), and C. bornmuelleri, the last two having been described previously in the genus Aspidiotus. Of these, C. liquidambaris is a North American species, C. occulta, C. elongata and C. ruebsaameni are Oriental (from Sri Lanka and Papua New Guinea respectively), while C. bornmuelleri is a Macaronesian species.
The inclusion of these species in Cryptophyllaspis was controversial. Lindinger (1911) did not recognise the genus Cryptophyllaspis [as suggested by Rübsaamen (1902)] for the new species bornmuelleri and described it in the genus Aspidiotus. Ferris (1938, 1941) observed that the ability to be a gall-maker could hardly be taken as a basis for distinguishing a genus and that the validity of genus Cryptophyllaspis could be determined only by a study of the species then included in it. As a consequence, C. liquidambaris was transferred to the genus Diaspidiotus (Ferris 1938a) and C. occulta and C. elongata were placed in Aspidiotus (Ferris 1941). Borchsenius (1966) simply accepted the genus Cryptophyllaspis and included four species: C. occulta, C. elongata, C. ruebsaameni and C. bornmuelleri. This situation did not change until the work of Williams and Watson (1988) and Normark et al. (2014). The history and present systematic position of the four Cryptophyllaspis species are discussed below.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Diaspididae
- Genus
- Cryptophyllaspis
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Hemiptera
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Cockerell
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Type status
- holotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Cryptophyllaspis Cockerell, 1897 sec. Pellizzari & Porcelli, 2017
References
- Cockerell, T. D. A. (1897) The San Jose scale and its nearest allies. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Technical Series, 6, 1 - 31.
- Green, E. E. (1896) The Coccidae of Ceylon. Part I. Dulau, London, 103 pp.
- Fernald, M. E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 88, 360 pp.
- Cockerell, T. D. A. (1902) A new gall-making coccid. Canadian Entomologist, 34, 75.
- Kotinsky, J. (1903) The first North American leaf-gall diaspine. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 5, 149 - 150.
- Green, E. E. (1905) Supplementary notes on the Coccidae of Ceylon. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16, 340 - 357.
- Lindinger, L. (1911) Afrikanische Schildlause. IV. Kanarische Cocciden. Ein Beitrag zur Fauna der Kanarischen Inseln. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 28, 1 - 38.
- Rubsaamen, E. H. (1902) Uber Zoocecidien von den Kanarischen Inseln und Madeira. Marcellia (Rivista Internazionale di Cecidologia), 1, 60 - 65.
- Ferris, G. F. (1938 a) Atlas of the scale insects of North America. Series 2. Stanford University Press Palo Alto, California, 277 pp.
- Ferris, G. F. (1941) The genus Aspidiotus (Homoptera; Coccoidea; Diaspididae) (Contribution no. 28). Microentomology, 6, 33 - 69.
- Borchsenius, N. S. (1966) A catalogue of the armoured scale insects (Diaspidoidea) of the World (in Russian). Nauka, Moscow & Leningrad, 449 pp.
- Williams, D. J. & Watson, G. W. (1988) The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 1. The Armoured Scales (Diaspididae). CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, 290 pp.
- Normark, B. B., Morse, G. E., Krewinski, A. & Okusu, A. (2014) Armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) of San Lorenzo National Park, Panama, with descriptions of two new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 107 (1), 37 - 49.