Rasahus Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843

Key to the species of Rasahus and Froeschnerisca

1 Hemelytra lacking pale spots posteriad to those of clavus and adjacent portion of corium.......................... 2

- Hemelytra with conspicuous pale markings in apical two-thirds of hemelytra.................................... 3

2 (1) Connexiva of male black (female unknown); median process of pygophore somewhat thickened; apical half of right paramere somewhat attenuated; size slightly smaller, length of male 16.5–16.6 mm; known from Peru, Brazil...................................................................................................... R. atratus

- Connexiva of male luteous (female unknown); median process of pygophore slender; outer margin of right paramere more or less evenly convex to apex, not distinctly attenuated; size slightly larger, length of male 18.2 mm; known from Panama.................................................................................... R. deliquus sp. nov.

3 (1’) Hemelytra with wide pale continuous midlongitudinal stripe from base of hemelytra to apex of hemelytra.. R. flavovittatus

- Hemelytra with discrete pale markings, not one continuous stripe.............................................. 4

4 (3’) Hemelytra lacking pale macula in medial membranal cell or at hemelytral apex....................... R. guttatipennis

- Medial membranal cell or hemelytra apex with pale spot.................................................... 5

5 (4’) Hemelytral membrane with round pale macula well-contained in medial cell; parameres slender, more or less clavate (hamatus group).......................................................................................... 6

- Pale macula of hemelytral apex not contained by medial cell, extending, usually caudad, outside of cell; at least one paramere expanded at middle, often deeply lobate (sulcicollis group)......................................... 17

6 (5) Hemelytra with discrete pale arcuate spot crossing apex of cubital and/or base of medial membranal cells about halfway between scutellum and apex of hemelytra................................................................ 7

- Hemelytra either lacking arcuate pale spot or entire middle portion of hemelytra pale............................. 12

7 (6) Corium with pale longitudinal stripe between R and M vein; clavus more or less entirely dark........................................................................................... R. scutellaris (= R. rufiventris) stat. rev.

- Corium dark between R and M vein, lacking longitudinal stripes; clavus pale in apical portion near scutellar spine....... 8

8 (7’) Connexiva of male completely luteous (female unknown); [lacking conspicuous white pilosity on head; size medium, length 15–16 mm]............................................................................. R. amapaensis

- Connexiva of males and females distinctly bicolorous, yellow-black (except female of R. angulatus unknown).......... 9

9 (8’) Head with conspicuous white pile; size smaller, length generally less than 16 mm................................ 10

- Head with pilosity darker, not white; size larger, length 19 mm or more....................................... 11

10 (9) Anterior pronotal lobe lacking white pilosity; connexiva yellow in basal half; venter with limited whitish pilosity................................................................................................ R. arcitenens

- Anterior pronotal lobe with conspicuous white pilosity; connexiva yellow in basal two-thirds; venter with abundant whitish pilosity.................................................................................... R. arcuiger

11 (9’) Hemelytral surface smooth, not velvety; margins of postocular region angulate; legs wholly dark.......... R. angulatus

- Hemelytra velvety; margins of postocular region rounded; legs with, at least, anterior face of profemur and base and apex of protibia yellow................................................................................. R. limai

12 (6’) Anterior pronotal lobe distinctly darker than posterior pronotal lobe; [costal margin of hemelytra distinctly pale]................................................................................................. R. thoracicus

- Anterior pronotal lobe concolorous with posterior pronotal lobe.............................................. 13

13 (12’) Costal margin of hemelytra dark, lacking pale coloration; size smaller, length usually less than 18 mm............... 14

- Costal margin of hemelytra distinctly pale (sometimes weakly so in R. argentinensis); size larger, length usually greater than 18 mm........................................................................................... 15

14 (13) Connexiva of males predominantly yellow and in females bicolored yellow-black; postscutellar macula occupying apical half of clavus, reaching base (although narrowed) in adjacent region of corium; pale spot of medial membranal cell larger, essentially filling cell; size larger, length usually 16 mm or greater (some males only reaching 13 mm); widely distributed throughout New World....................................................................... R. hamatus - Connexiva, at least in female, black; postscutellar macula limited to apical third of clavus, essentially obsolete in basal third of adjacent part of corium; pale spot of medial membranal cell smaller, occupying only apical portion of cell; size small, length less than 15 mm; known only from Grand Bahamas.................................... R. nesiotes sp. nov.

15 (13’) Legs, particularly hind legs, predominantly pale.................................................. R. biguttatus

- All legs more or less wholly dark...................................................................... 16

16 (15’) Pale markings of hemelytra more extensive, medially reaching caudad to cover cubital cell of membrane; connexiva of male predominantly pale (female unknown); margins of postocular region generally rounded; male with triangular prolongation of eighth ventrite acute, not emarginate; median process of pygophore apically pointed; size slightly smaller, length generally 18–20 mm......................................................................... R. argentinensis

- Pale markings of hemelytra less extensive, costal margin not as strongly pale and cubital cell of membrane mostly dark; connexiva of male and female predominantly dark; margins of postocular region angulate; male with triangular prolongation of eighth ventrite minutely emarginate at apex; median process of pygophore apically rounded; size slightly larger, length 20 mm or more................................................................................. R. grandis

17 (5’) Yellow macula of corium (extending onto membrane) forming single large X-shape; males and females submacropterous........................................................................................... R. bifurcatus

- Pale markings of hemelytra comprising multiple discrete spots; males and females macropterous.................... 18

18 (17’) Sulci of anterior pronotal lobe and posterior pronotal lobe essentially lacking granulations......................... 19

- Sulci of anterior pronotal lobe and disc of posterior pronotal lobe with granulations.............................. 22

19 (18) Hemelytra with costal and radial cell black, without pale markings (except latter at extreme base); pale spot at apex of membrane forked, distinctly following two apical veins; scutellar spine white, contrasting blackish scutellum; size small, length less than 12 mm...................................................................... R. abolitus sp. nov.

- Costal cell of hemelytra pale at apex, radial cell mostly pale; pale spot at apex of membrane oval, including area between two apical veins; scutellum unicolorous, blackish; size larger, length greater than 15 mm.......................... 20

20 (19’) Hemelytral membrane attenuated, more acute at apex; stripe of radial cell complete; arcuate spur of posterior marginal pale stripe lacking transverse spot; male with well-delimited 1+1 submedian oval setal patches on venter, each covering fifth, sixth and base of seventh ventrite; size very large, length greater than 25 mm; [scutellar spine rounded apically; clavus pale only near base; legs unicolorous, castaneous]...................................................... R. setosus

- Hemelytral membrane broadly rounded apically; stripe of radial cell often interrupted or obsolete along length; arcuate spur of posterior marginal pale stripe connected to transverse spot that spans part of inner discal cell; venter lacking distinctive setal patches; size smaller, length 15–25 mm............................................................. 21

21 (20’) Scutellar spine rounded apically; clavus pale at base and apex; legs blackish or castaneous with bases yellow; lateral lower margin of eighth ventrite of male more sclerotized, without two setae; size larger, greater than 20 mm.... R. albomaculatus

- Scutellar spine acute apically; clavus pale only near base; legs unicolorous, castaneous; lateral margin of eighth ventrite of male unsclerotized, with two setae; size smaller, length less than 20 mm............................ R. surinamensis

22 (18’) Hemelytra with transverse arcuate (distally concave) fascia passing through cubital cell of membrane that fully crosses hemelytra............................................................................................ 23

- Pale arcuate marking of cubital membranal cell, when present, spot-like, not fasciate and not fully crossing hemelytra, separated from M vein on outer side....................................................................... 24

23 (22) Legs conspicuously marbled; transverse pale fascia of hemelytra narrow, covering only middle third of cubital cell; M vein and cu-pcu of corium pale; pale macula of hemelytral apex irregular, not rounded, strongest along veins; pronotal length and width subequal or slightly longer than wide; pronotum lacking metallic gloss; size smaller, length 10 mm or less.................................................................................................... R. aeneus

- Legs generally uniform in color; transverse pale fascia of hemelytra broad, covering most of cubital cell; M vein and cu-pcu of corium dark; pale macula of hemelytral apex large, round, uniformly occupying apical area; anterior pronotal lobe wider than long; pronotum with metallic gloss; size larger, length 13 mm or greater........................ R. maculipennis

24 (22’) Corium with conspicuous narrow pale longitudinal stripe along M vein........................................ 25

- Corium dark along M vein or whole region of corium pale, lacking conspicuous longitudinal stripes................. 26

25 (24) Hemelytra with discrete pale arcuate spot crossing cubital cell of membrane; corium adjacent to clavus pale; connexiva of male essentially wholly luteous (female unknown); legs wholly dark; median process of pygophore thick, strongly curved, with apex acute; size slightly larger, length 16 mm or greater.................................... R. paraguayensis

- Hemelytra lacking arcuate pale spot, cubital cell dark; boundary between clavus and corium dark, except near apex; connexiva of male and female bicolorous, yellow-black; apex of profemur and bases of meso- and metafemur pale; median process of pygophore slender, gently curved, with apex rounded; size slightly smaller, length 13–15 mm........... F. vittata

26 (24’) Hemelytra with large irregularly rounded pale spot covering apical half of cubital cell and basal third of medial membranal cell...................................................................................... R. peruensis

- Pale spot of cubital cell generally limited to that cell, often straight or arcuate (concave posteriorly)................. 27

27 (26’) Connexiva more or less unicolorous, predominantly yellow; size large, length 15 mm or greater.................... 28

- Connexiva distinctly bicolorous, yellow-black; size smaller, length generally 13 mm or less....................... 29

28 (27) Clavus predominantly yellow, including base, only dark on mesal margin in middle third; legs essentially wholly dark; size larger, length 20 mm or greater.............................................................. R. brasiliensis

- Clavus predominantly dark, pale only at apex surrounding scutellar spine; femora with bases pale; size smaller, length gen- erally 16–19 mm........................................................................... R. sulcicollis 29 (27’) Hemelytra predominantly light brownish, particularly from costal margin to M vein of corium, and less strongly contrasting pale maculae, strongly contrasting black region in and laterally surrounding medial membranal cell; anterior pronotal lobe narrower, approximately 55–60% as wide as posterior pronotal lobe across humeri; known only from Costa Rica.............................................................................................. R. costaricensis

- Hemelytra predominantly blackish to dark castaneous, with strongly contrasting pale maculae; anterior pronotal lobe wider, approximately 65–70% as wide as posterior pronotal lobe across humeri; widespread from Central America to Brazil... 30

30 (29’) Protibial fossula spongiosa occupying about apical three-quarters of protibia; head distinctly longer than wide; head lacking metallic gloss; scutellar spine dark, concolorous with rest of scutellum; size slightly larger, length generally 13–14 mm............................................................................................. R. castaneus

- Protibial fossula spongiosa occupying, at most, apical half of protibia; length and width of head subequal; head, pronotum, and thoracic pleura with slight atrocyaneous metallic gloss; scutellar spine yellow, contrasting rest of scutellum; size slightly smaller, length generally 10–12 mm...................................... R. myrmecinus stat. rev. et comb. nov.