Conopleura latiaxisa CHINO 2011

Conopleura latiaxisa Chino, 2011

Type locality: Central Indo-Pacific. Off PuNTA ENgAñO (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES, PAcIfIc OcEAN), bETwEEN 180– 250 m dEPTH (FIg. 1C1).

Material examined: Central Indo-Pacific. Off PuNTA ENgAñO (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 220–240 m— HOLOTyPE—1 SH—10.6×4.8 (NSMT-MO. 77385) (FIg. 1C1, 3M–O; APPENdIx 1: FIg. 1B); 180–250 m—PARATyPE 1—1 SH—10.8×5.1 (MNHN-IM-2000-24228) (FIg. 1C1); PARATyPE 2—1 SH—9.6×4.5 (NMP- 041235) (FIg. 1C1); PARATyPE 3—1 SH—10.4×4.8 (KBIN. RBINS COLLEcTION, I.G. 32067, MT. 2600) (FIg. 1C1); PARATyPE 4—1 SH— 11.4×5.2 (MC PRIVATE cOLLEcTION) (FIg. 1C1); PARATyPE 5—1 SH—10.5×4.9 (NSMT-MO. 77386) (FIg. 1C1); PARATyPE 6—1 SH—10.1×5.0 (ANSP 455651) (FIg. 1C1); PARATyPE 7—1 SH—9.7×4.8 (CI # 622802) (FIg. 1C1); PARATyPE 8—1 SH—11.9×5.7 (CI # 619117) (FIg. 1C1). Temperate northern Pacific. TOkASHIkI ISLANd (OkINAwA, JAPAN), 1991, 110 m—1 SH—3.4×2 (MC) (FIg. 1C 2). Central Indo-Pacific. Off PuNTA ENgAñO (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 2011, TRAwLEd 150–250 m—1 SH—10.7×5* (AN) (FIg. 1C1); 180–250 m—1 SH—9×4.6* (AN) (FIg. 1C1); 10/06/2013, 220 m—2 SH—11.1×5.1*, 10×5* (AN) (FIg. 1C1); 11/2015, 100 m—2 SH—9.8×4.8*, 9.9×4.9* (AN) (FIg. 1C1); 12/2015, TRAwLEd 200 m—1 SH—10.4×5.2* (AN) (FIg. 1C1, 2B). Off CORAL POINT (MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES), 2001, 100–200 m—1 SH—10.8×4.9* (AN) (FIg. 1C1, 3P–U). MAcTAN ISLANd, PHILIPPINES, 2009, 220 m—1 SH—11.0×4.9* (AN) (FIg. 1C1). Off MALINgIN ISLANd (PHILIPPINES), 2012, 180–250 m—1 SH—10.1×4.4* (AN) (FIg. 1C 3, 3V –Z).

Known distribution and bathymetric range: ONLy kNOwN fROm TyPE LOcALITy ANd NEARby AREAS, wHERE SHELLS wERE REPORTEd fROm 100–250 m dEPTH. Central Indo-Pacific. PHILIPPINES (CHINO 2011: MAcTAN ISLANd; PRESENT PAPER) (FIg. 1C1, 1C 3). Temperate northern Pacific. JAPAN (PRESENT PAPER) (FIg. 1C 2).

Description: SPEcIES wITH A SmALL SHELL, SOLId, SLENdER ANd bIcONIcAL, wITH AcumINATE-ELONgATE SPIRE, Of ~ 12 mm mAxImum HEIgHT ANd 8–9 wHORLS IN LARgE-SIzEd SPEcImENS (FIg. 3M–Q). SHELL cOLOuR ALmOST wHITISH, SOmETImES wITH A mARgINAL LIgHT bROwNISH TINgE ON dORSAL SIdE Of LAST wHORL (FIg. 3M–Q). PROTOcONcH Of ~2.25 wHORLS, SEmI-TRANSLucENT wHITISH, SmOOTH (FIg. 3V –Z). APEx dEPRESSEd, SEcONd ANd THIRd wHORLS SLIgHTLy cONVEx (FIg. 3V –Z). TELEOcONcH Of 5–6 cONVEx wHORLS AT mATuRITy, INcREASINg IN dIAmETER uP TO LAST wHORL, cONSTITuTINg AROuNd HALf Of TOTAL SHELL HEIgHT ANd SIgNIfIcANTLy ExPANdEd AT SHOuLdER ANd SubSEquENTLy NARROwINg (FIg. 3M–Q). SuTuRE dISTINcT, SLIgHTLy INcISEd wITH A SuLcuS, SHOuLdER dEEPLy cORONATE, wITH wELL-dEVELOPEd TRIgONAL LObATE SPINES, Table 1. Comparative table of main morphologic features of taxa currently ascribed to the genus Conopleura Hinds, 1844 (data amended from literature and present paper).

Conopleura striata Conopleura latiaxisa “ Conopleura ” aliena

Figures Fig. 3A ̅L Fig. 3M ̅Z Fig. 4A ̅H, 4W False umbilicus present present absent Aperture

ga: narrow, sinuous, and axially ga: narrow, sinuous, and axially

ga: general aspect ga: wide and oval

elongated elongated

cl: slightly expanded callus, no cl: slightly expanded callus, no cl: slightly expanded callus, cl: columellar edge columellar rib columellar rib evident columellar rib ol: outer lip ol: stromboid notch present ol: stromboid notch present ol: stromboid notch absent as: anal sinus as: present as: present as: present Animal general color pattern whitish with dark maculae unknown unknown Distribution Fig. 1B: Indo - Pacific Fig. 1C: Pacific Ocean Fig. 1D: Mediterranean Depth range (in m) based on shells 13̅250 100̅250 105̅350 REcuRVEd TOwARdS APEx, uNdERLyINg TRIgONAL AcumINATE-ELONgATE SPINES fROm PREVIOuS wHORLS ANd gIVINg AN uNduLATINg APPEARANcE TO SHELLS (FIg. 3M–Q, 3S). SHOuLdER SuLcuS mAdE Of A SERIES Of dEEP cuRVEd SEPTA SEPARATEd by RAdIATINg LAmELLAE ORIgINATINg fROm ANAL SINuS (FIg. 3R). AxIAL ScuLPTuRE fINE, POSSIbLy cONSTITuTEd by SEVERAL SubSEquENT gROwTH LINES (FIg. 3M–Q). SPIRAL ScuLPTuRE IN THE cONVEx PART Of wHORL cONSISTINg Of 17–18 STRONg PRImARy cORdS, OfTEN fLExuOuS wHEN cROSSINg gROwTH LINES (FIg. 3M–Q). APERTuRE NARROw, SINuOuS ANd AxIALLy ELONgATEd, uNIfORmLy wHITISH-yELLOwISH (FIg. 3M, 3P). SLIgHT fALSE umbILIcuS PRESENT (FIg. 3U). COLumELLAR EdgE wITH SLIgHTLy ExPANdEd cALLuS (FIg. 3U). OuTER LIP THIN wITH STROmbOId NOTcH (FIg. 3Q). ANAL SINuS dEEP, THIN, U- SHAPEd, cLOSE TO SuTuRE (FIg. 3M–N, 3P–Q). SIPHONAL cANAL THIck, SHORT ANd bROAd (FIg. 3M, 3P). ANATOmy, RAduLA, ANImAL cOLOuR ANd OPERcuLum uNkNOwN.

Remarks: THE dIffERENcES IN SHELL mORPHOmETRy Of C. latiaxisa ANd THOSE Of SPEcIES REPORTEd AS cONgENERIc IN THE cuRRENT LITERATuRE ARE SHOwN IN TAbLE 1, wHERE THE ONLy mAjOR AmENdmENT ON THIS TAxON wITH RESPEcT TO THE ORIgINAL dEScRIPTION REgARdS PROTOcONcH wHORLS. CHINO (2011), IN fAcT, ORIgINALLy SuggESTEd THAT C. latiaxisa HAS 1.5 PROTOcONcH wHORLS, wHILE ALL SHELLS THAT wE ExAmINEd, INcLudINg THOSE cONSTITuTINg THE TyPE mATERIAL, HAVE AbOuT 2.25 PROTOcONcH wHORLS. THIS ASSumPTION mAy bE PRESumAbLy bASEd ON A TyPO IN THE ORIgINAL dEScRIPTION (fOR 2.5 wHORLS). IN AddITION, wE HIgHLIgHT THAT THE ELONgATEd SHAPE Of C. latiaxisa SHELLS mAkES THIS SPEcIES SLIgHTLy SImILAR TO TAxA AScRIbEd TO OTHER DRILLIIDAE gENERA. HOwEVER, SPEcIES wITHIN THIS fAmILy ALwAyS PROducE SHELLS wITH A REducEd SPIRAL ScuLPTuRE THAT LAck THE TyPIcAL Conopleura HONEy-cOmb PITTINg. THEREfORE, THIS SuggESTS THAT C. latiaxisa bELONgS TO THE gENuS TO wHIcH IT HAS bEEN ORIgINALLy ASSIgNEd (CHINO 2011; TAbLE 1).