Phlomoides burmanica Kamelin & Makhmedov 1990

Phlomoides burmanica (Mukerjee) Kamelin & Makhmedov (1990a: 245) (Fig. 1).

Basionym:— Phlomis burmanica Mukerjee (1938: 308).

Type:— BURMA. Htawgaw Bum: alpine meadows, 26º10’ N, 98º25’ E, 2750 m, June 1924, G . Forrest 24538 (holotype E00301986!) (Fig. 2, A, C).

Synonym: — Phlomoides pararotata (Sun) Kamelin & Makhmedov (1990a: 245), syn. nov. ≡ Phlomis pararotata Sun (1966: 44). Type: CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan County, Biluoshan (pi-lo-shan), Zhiziluo (che-tse-lo), on the top of Biluoshan, 4000 m, 20August 1934, H. T. Tsai 58080 (holotype PE00835718!; isotypes IBSC0005135!; KUN1218987!; NAS00072434!, NAS00072434!; SZ00240172!) (Fig. 2, B, D).

Diagnostic characters:— Phlomoides burmanica is similar to P. fimbriata, but can be distinguished by having triangular-semicircular calyx teeth, broadly ovoid leaves and sessile floral leaves (vs. emarginated calyx teeth, hastateovate leaves and floral leaf petioles 5 – 8 mm in P. fimbriata).

Stems 20 – 40 cm tall, unbranched or multibranched, pilose. Petiole 1 – 9 cm long; leaf blades hastate-ovate, 4.5 – 11 × 5.3 – 11 cm, appressed pilose, base cordate, margin irregularly crenate, apex rounded. Verticillasters solitary (rarely 2), many-flowered, diameter 1.8 – 2.7 cm; floral leaves sessile, ovate, 4 – 7 × 2.2 – 7 cm, base cordate-rounded, apex acute; bracts linear-subulate, 4 – 10 mm long, densely ciliate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 11 – 12 × 6 – 7 mm, puberulent, veins sparsely minutely hispid outside; teeth double toothed at margin, puberulent, triangular-semicircular, 1.2–1.5 mm long, with spines 0.6–0.8 mm long. Corolla purple, 1.4 – 1.8 cm long; tube 0.8–1.3 cm long, glabrous except for puberulent back outside, pilose annulate inside; upper lip 8–9 mm long, densely appressed pubescent outside, margin denticulate, bearded inside, lower lip 8.5 × 7 mm, puberulent outside; middle lobe obovate, 5 × 4 mm, margin denticulate; lateral lobes ovate, 3 × 2.5 mm. Stamens included; posterior filaments with a slender basal appendage. Mericarps glabrous. Flowering from July to August, fruiting from September to October.

Trichome morphology:— Figure 3 shows the morphology of trichomes on leaves and bracts of Phlomoides burmanica. Two basic types of trichomes were recognized: eglandular and glandular. Both types can be found on adaxial leaves surface (Fig. 3, A-C), abaxial leaves surface (Fig. 3, D-F) and bracts (Fig. 3, G-I). On abaxial leaves surface, trichomes are mainly situated on the veins (Fig. 3, D). Eglandular trichomes are further subdivided into simple unbranched (Fig. 3, A, D) and branched trichomes (Fig. 3, E), while glandular trichomes are subdivided into subsessile (Fig. 3, B) and clavate trichomes (Fig. 3, C, F, I).

Distribution and Habitat:— Currently known from the top of the mountain of NW Yunnan of China and Northern Burma; this species inhabits meadows by the lake or stream, betw e en 2750 m and 3960 m at elevation, together with other annual, perennial species, such as Corydalis casimiriana Duthie et Prain ex Prain, Astilbe rubra Hook. f. et Thomson, Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC., etc. (Fig. 4).

Additional specimens examined:— Phlomoides burmanica. CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan County, Lushui City, Luobenzhuo Town, 26°25’45.08” N, 98°44’42.88” E, 3681 m, 13 August 2020, Y. P . Chen, Y. Zhao & J. F. Xiao EM1560 (KUN!). BURMA. Hpawshi Bum, 3700 m, 24 June 1916, R. J . Farret 1061 (E!); ibid., R. J . Farret 1061 A (E!); Western slopes of Imaw Bum, 3350 – 3960 m, 2 July 1919, F. K . Ward 3309 (E!); Ridge of Naung Chaung, Nwai Divide, 3650 – 3900 m, 16 June 1914, K. W . Francis 1800 (E!); Bordering area between northwestern Yunnan, China and northeastern Burma, Chimili Pass, 26º35’ N, 98º48’ E, 3650 m, G . Forrest 26812 (E!).

Phlomoides fimbriata. CHINA. Yunnan: Gongshan, T . T. Yü 19718 (A!, PE!, KUN!); Tibet: Zayu, Ridong, 3700 m, 8 September 1982, Qinghai-Tibet Exped. 10158 (KUN!); Tibet: ibid, 4000 m, 9 September 1982, Qinghai-Tibet Exped. 10257 (KUN!).