Zaitunia schmitzi Kulczynski 1911
Creators
Description
Zaitunia schmitzi (Kulczyński, 1911)
Figs 6–7, 43 A, 50A
Filistata schmitzi Kulczyński, 1911: 13, pl. 1, fig. 3 (♂ ♀).
Zaitunia schmitzi – Lehtinen 1967: 275, fig. 21 (♂♀). — Zonstein 2009b: 127, figs 1–12 (♂♀).
DiagnosisMales differ from those of all other congeners by a long and large cigar-shaped tegulum, a very thick spermophore occupying the whole bulb, a strongly slanting tip of the cymbium and by the extremely short and sideward-directed embolus (vs smaller coniform and longer forward-directed ones in other species). Females are easily distinguished by their intense dark coloration (darker than that in any other species) as well as their low and small globular receptacles, with outer lobe only slightly exceeding the median one in size (Fig. 7 E–K).
Type materialLectotype (designated by Zonstein 2009b: 127) ISRAEL: ♂, Jerusalem (the current depository unknown; not examined).
ParalectotypeISRAEL: 1 ♀, Galilee (the current depository unknown; not examined).
NoteLehtinen (1967) indicated the type series as being kept in IZW, but according to Wioletta Wawer, the curator, these types were not found there (pers. comm.).
Material examined (47 ♂♂, 28 ♀♀, 8 juvs)
EGYPT: 1 ♀, South Sinai, Mt. Catarina, c. 28°33' N, 33°57' E, 16 Jun. 1968, unknown collector (HUJ).
ISRAEL: 1 ♀, Upper Galilee, Mt. Meron, 33°01' N, 35°23' E, 900 m, 4–5 Feb. 2007, T. Levanony (TAU); 1 ♂, same data, but 5–12 Apr. 2007 (TAU); 1 ♂, same data, but 12–16 May 2007 (TAU); 2 ♂♂, Western Galilee, ‘ En haMifraz, 32°54' N, 35°05' E, 19 Mar. 1944, A. Shulov (HUJ); 1 ♂, same region, ‘ En Ya’aqov, 33°00' N, 35°14' E, 26–31 Jul. 2007, I. Shtirberg (TAU); 1 ♂, Carmel Ridge, Har Horshan, 32°35' N, 35°00' E, near Bat-Shlomo, 28 May 1993, Y. Lubin (HUJ); 2 ♀♀, same ridge, Elyaqim, 32°38' N, 35°04' E, 15 Mar. 1963, M. Warburg (TAU); 1 ♀, Jordan Valley, Ein Duyuk, 11 Apr. 1968, M. Pener (HUJ); 1 ♀, same locality, 10 Jun. 1970, M. Pener (HUJ); 1 juv., Yizre’el Valley, Bet HaShita, 32°33' N, 35°26' E, 6 Feb. 1937, A. Shulov (TAU); 2 juvs, same region, ‘ En Harod, 32°34' N, 35°23' E, 11 Mar. 1945, A. Shulov (HUJ); 1 ♀, Jerusalem, 16 Jul. 1941, A. Shulov (HUJ); 1 juv., same locality, 12 Dec. 1949, A. Shulov (HUJ); 1 ♀, same locality, 10 Mar. 1961, A. Shulov (HUJ); 1 ♀, same area, Ramat Rahel, 31°44' N, 35°13' E, 23 Apr. 1973, unknown collector (HUJ); 4 ♂♂, 1 juv., Judean Hills, Sansan Reserve, 31°42' N, 35°05' E, 500–700 m, 22 Mar. 2002, Y. Mandelik (HUJ); 6 ♂♂, same data, but 31 Mar. 2001 (HUJ); 1 ♂, same data, but 14 May 2002 (HUJ); 7 ♂♂, same area, Ramat Avishur, 31°39' N, 34°55' E, 300–400 m, 22 Feb. 2001, Y. Mandelik (HUJ); 3 ♂♂, same area, Giv’at Zekharya, 31°42' N, 34°57' E, 250–300 m, 22 Mar. 2002, Y. Mandelik (HUJ); 1 ♂, same locality, but 14 May 2002 (HUJ); 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 juv., same region, National Park Adullam, 1–30 Apr. 2003, U. Columbus & T. Levanony (TAU); 1 ♀, same region, Bet Shemesh, 31°45' N, 34°59' E, 3 Mar. 1954, A. Weissman (HUJ); 1 ♀, same area, 6 km SW of Bet Shemesh, 31°40' N, 34°57' E, 350 m, 10 May 2009, S. Zonstein (TAU); 1 ♀, same region, 3.5 km E of Bet Guvrin, 31°37' N, 34°56' E, 350 m, 8 Nov. 2011, S. Zonstein (TAU); 2 ♂♂, same area, near Giv’at Yeshayahu, 31°40' N, 34°57' E, 300–350 m, 20 May 2007, O. Skutelsky (TAU); 1 ♂, same data, but 20 May 2008 (TAU); 1 ♂, same area, Matta, 31°43' N, 35°04' E, 620 m, 13–18 Apr. 2007, I. Shtirberg (TAU); 1 ♂, same region, near Lahav, 31°33' N, 34°52' E, 500 m, 25–30 Jul. 2006, I. Shtirberg (TAU); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, same data, but 13–18 Jan. 2007 (TAU); 2 ♀♀, Northern Negev, Dorot – Ruhama, c. 31°30' N, 34°41' E, 31 Jan. 1972, I. Vaisberg (HUJ); 1 ♂, same region, HaBesor, 31°18' N, 34°29' E, 70 m, 2 Apr. 2010, C. Drees & L. Friedman (TAU); 1 ♀, Dead Sea Area, ‘ Enot Zuqim (En Fashkha), 24 Feb. 1942, A. Shulov (HUJ); 1 ♂, same region, Nahal Perat (Wadi Kelt), 13 Jan. 1945, A. Shulov (HUJ); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, same region, surroundings of ‘ En Gedi, 31°27' N, 35°23' E, 0 m, 19 Jan. 2013, S. Zonstein (TAU); 2 ♂♂, 1 juv., Judean Desert, ‘ Arad, 31°16' N, 35°13' E, 20 Dec. 1962, P. Amitai (HUJ); 4 ♀♀, 1 juv., same locality, 13 Feb. 1969, M. Warburg (TAU); 1 ♀, Ma’ale Adummim, 30 Apr. 1972, unknown collector (HUJ); 1 ♀, Central Negev, Yeroham, 30°59' N, 34°56' E, 30 Nov. 1964, Blond & Watz (HUJ); 1 juv., same region, crater Makhtesh Gadol, c. 30°57' N, 35°00' E, 1 Apr. 1962, A. Shulov (HUJ).
DescriptionMale (from Jerusalem area)
HABITUS. See Fig. 6 B.
BODY LENGTH. 2.83.
COLOUR. Carapace dark yellowish-brown with margins, postocular area and eye tubercle dark brown to brownish-black; chelicerae, labium, sternum and maxillae brown; legs brown with diffuse and poorly developed dark-brown fasciae; abdomen uniformly dark brown.
CARAPACE (Fig. 6 E). 1.27 long, 1.03 wide.
EYES. AME 0.06, ALE 0.11, PLE 0.08, PME 0.06, AME–AME 0.06.
PALP (Figs 7 A-D, 43A). Femur equal in length to tibia; tibia thick, uniformly swollen. Cymbium moderately long, with or without small dorsodistal projection. Broad, blunt-tipped tegulum with thick spermophore forming 4 complete coils closely adjoining each other. Embolus short, lacking a neck, flattened and bent retrolaterally.
LEG MEASUREMENTS. ♂(♀)
[table omitted]
Female (from Jerusalem area)
HABITUS. See Figs 6 A, 50A.
BODY LENGTH. 3.85.
COLOUR. As in male, but carapace, palps and legs slightly lighter; in contrast, fasciae on palps and legs somewhat darker than in male.
CARAPACE (Fig. 6 D). 1.52 long, 1.18 wide.
EYES. AME 0.07, ALE 0.12, PLE 0.10, PME 0.07, AME–AME 0.06.
ENDOGYNE (Fig. 7 E–K). With 2 pairs of globular receptacles. Median receptacles two times thinner that lateral; median receptacles separated by 3 diameters; lateral receptacles evenly covered by pores, and median receptacles with pores on head only.
VariationCarapace length in males varies from 1.03 to 1.30, in females from 1.37 to 2.00; ground colouration varies from medium yellowish-brown with a darker brown abdomen to an almost uniform dark brown.
EcologyThe species inhabits many types of habitats, from deserts through steppes and maquis to low oak evergreen forest; in all these habitats, it occurs mainly under rocks (see Fig. 50 A).
DistributionEgypt (Sinai) and Israel (Fig. 46).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- HUJ , TAU
- Event date
- 1937-02-06 , 1941-07-16 , 1942-02-24 , 1944-03-19 , 1945-01-13 , 1945-03-11 , 1949-12-12 , 1954-03-03 , 1961-03-10 , 1962-04-01 , 1962-12-20 , 1963-03-15 , 1964-11-30 , 1968-04-11 , 1968-06-16 , 1969-02-13 , 1970-06-10 , 1972-01-31 , 1972-04-30 , 1973-04-23 , 1993-05-28 , 2001-02-22 , 2001-03-31 , 2002-03-22 , 2002-05-14 , 2003-04-01 , 2006-07-25 , 2007-01-13 , 2007-02-04 , 2007-04-05 , 2007-04-13 , 2007-05-12 , 2007-05-20 , 2007-07-26 , 2008-05-20 , 2009-05-10 , 2010-04-02 , 2011-11-08 , 2013-01-19
- Family
- Filistatidae
- Genus
- Zaitunia
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Araneae
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Kulczynski
- Species
- schmitzi
- Taxon rank
- species
- Verbatim event date
- 1937-02-06 , 1941-07-16 , 1942-02-24 , 1944-03-19 , 1945-01-13 , 1945-03-11 , 1949-12-12 , 1954-03-03 , 1961-03-10 , 1962-04-01 , 1962-12-20 , 1963-03-15 , 1964-11-30 , 1968-04-11 , 1968-06-16 , 1969-02-13 , 1970-06-10 , 1972-01-31 , 1972-04-30 , 1973-04-23 , 1993-05-28 , 2001-02-22 , 2001-03-31 , 2002-03-22 , 2002-05-14 , 2003-04-01/30 , 2006-07-25/30 , 2007-01-13/18 , 2007-02-04/05 , 2007-04-05/12 , 2007-04-13/18 , 2007-05-12/16 , 2007-05-20 , 2007-07-26/31 , 2008-05-20 , 2009-05-10 , 2010-04-02 , 2011-11-08 , 2013-01-19
- Taxonomic concept label
- Zaitunia schmitzi Kulczynski, 1911 sec. Zonstein & Marusik, 2016
References
- Kulczynski W. 1911. Fragmenta Arachnologica, IX. XVI. Aranearum species nonnullae in Syria a Rev. P. Bovier-Lapierre et in Palaestina a Rev. E. Schmitz collectae. Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie 1911: 12 - 75.
- Lehtinen P. T. 1967. Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici 4: 199 - 468.
- Zonstein S. L. 2009 b. The spider genus Zaitunia Lehtinen, 1967 (Araneae, Filistatidae) in Israel and Egypt. Israel Journal of Entomology 38: 125 - 131.