Kalloconus berghausi Michelotti 1847
Creators
Description
Kalloconus berghausi (Michelotti, 1847)
Figs 3 G1–G2, 8A1–A3, 8B1–B3, 8C, 8D1–D3, 8E,
Conus Berghausi mihi, Michelotti 1847: 342, pl. 13, figs 9–9’.
Conus Berghausi Micht. —Hörnes 1851: 19, pl. 1, figs 3a–c [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
[Dendroconus] [Conus] Vaceki n. f.— Hoernes 1878a: 195 (nomen nudum).
C. [onus] Vaceki — Hoernes 1878b: 206 (nomen nudum).
Conus (Dendroconus) Vaceki nov. form.— Hoernes & Auinger 1879: 22 [nov. nom. pro C. berghausi in Hörnes 1851, pl. 1, fig. 3].
Conus (Dendroconus) subraristriatus da Costa—Hoernes & Auinger 1879: 23 (partim), pl. 1, fig. 22 [non fig. 20 = Lautoconus eschewegi (Pereira da Costa, 1866), non Lautoconus subraristriatus (Pereira da Costa, 1866)].
C.[onus] Auingeri — De Gregorio 1885: 378 [nov. nom. pro Conus subraristriatus in Hoernes & Auinger 1879 pl. 1, fig. 22].
Conus ventricosus Bronn—Friedberg 1911: 60, text-fig. 14 [non Gmelin, 1791, non Bronn, 1831].
Conus Berghausi Micht. var. Vaceki R. Hoern. i Auing.—Friedberg 1911: 62, pl. 3, fig. 5.
Conus Berghausi Micht. —Friedberg 1928: 566, text-fig. 80.
? Conus (Dendroconus) berghausi Michelotti 1847 — Hinculov 1968: 151, pl. 38, figs 8a–b.
Conus (Dendroconus) berghausi Michelotti—Atanacković 1969: 214, pl. 12, figs 17–17b.
Conus (Cleobula) berghausi vaceki Hoernes et Auinger—Nicorici 1972: 70, pl. 17, figs 3–4.
? Conus (Cleobula) berghausi planocylindrica Sacco—Kókay 1996: 457, pl. 4, fig. 2.
Conus (Lithoconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847 — Bałuk 1997: 58 (partim), pl. 21, figs 3–4.
Conus (Cleobula) berghausi vaceki Hoernes & Auinger—Chira & Voia 2001: 156, pl. 4, figs 5a–b.
Conus (Lithoconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847 —Harzhauser 2002: 113, pl.10, figs 4–6.
Conus (Lithoconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847 — Miku 2003: 308, pl. 10, fig. 30.
? Conus (Lithoconus) berghausi Michelotti, 1847 — Miku 2009: 36, pl. 12, fig. 164.
Dendroconus berghausi (Michelotti) — Kovács & Vicián 2013: 66, figs 2, 38–40, 42.
Kalloconus berghausi (Michelotti, 1847) — Landau et al. 2013: 236, pl. 37, figs 6–8, pl. 42, fig. 1; pl. 81, fig. 1.
non Conus (Dendroconus) berghausi Michelotti 1847 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 215, pl. 51, figs 3a–b [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
non Conus (Cleobula) berghausi vaceki Hoernes & Auinger—Strausz 1962: 147, pl. 71, figs 10–14 [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
non Conus (Cleobula) berghausi vaceki Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 — Strausz 1966: 464, pl. 71, figs 10–14 [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
non Conus (Dendroconus) berghausi Michelotti 1847 —Bohn-Havas 1973: 1124, 11, pl. 9, fig. 10 [non fig 3d = Kalloconus hendricksi nov. sp.].
Type material. The specimen illustrated by Michelotti (1847) is lost. Therefore, Hall (1966) proposed the specimen illustrated by Sacco (1893a, pl. 1, fig. 16) from the late Miocene (Tortonian) of Stazzano in Italy as neotype (stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, catalogue number BS.039.40.006).
The type locality of Conus vaceki Hoernes & Auinger, 1879 (considered to be junior synonym of C. berghausi) is Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); the type stratum is lower Miocene coastal sand of the Korneuburg Formation.
Studied material. 9 spec. NHMW 1849 /0004/0017, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), including specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1851, pl. 1, figs 3a–c) and Harzhauser (2002, pl. 10, fig. 5); 5 spec. NHMW 1864 /0001/0498, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria); 1 spec. private collection, Anton Breitenberger, Weitendorf (Austria); 3 spec. NHMW 1856 /0050/0413, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).
Illustrated material. Figs 8A 1 –A3: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 39.1, MD: 28.9 mm, NHMW 1849/ 0004/0017, specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1851, pl. 1, figs 3a–c), syntype of Conus vaceki Hoernes & Auinger, 1879; Figs 8 B1–B3: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 32.2, MD: 21.4 mm, NHMW 1864/0001/0498; Fig. 8 C: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria), SL: 31.4, MD: 21.7 mm, NHMW 1849/0004/0017; Figs 8 D1–D3: Weitendorf (Austria), SL: 34.5 mm, MD: 23.4 mm, private collection, Anton Breitenberger (this specimen shows its natural coloration due to heating by basalt flows); Figs. 8 E, 3G1–G2: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania): SL: 42.0 mm, MD: 29.8 mm, NHMW 1856/0050/0413.
Revised description. Medium-sized, stout club-shaped shells; spire low and conical, weakly coeloconoid. Early spire whorls slightly concave with strong spiral cords. Suture impressed, emphasized by two raised cords, resulting in a narrowly channelled suture in some specimens. Spiral cords become obsolete within 3rd–4th spire whorls, which develop broad, irregular swellings along shoulder causing undulations of the shoulder. Subsequent spire whorls smooth, becoming successively more convex. Last whorl distinctly broadening with prominent, rounded shoulder coinciding with maximum diameter. Subsutural flexure shallow, moderately curved, moderately asymmetrical. Last whorl short, conical, not constricted. Aperture moderately wide; slightly widening towards short and straight canal; siphonal fasciole indistinct, short; inner lip short, slightly twisted. Deep spiral grooves demarcate broad spiral cords on base; grooves stop abruptly within lower third of whorl and do not become obsolete adapically. Colour pattern highly variable, consisting of about 13–20 rows of spirally arranged, often subquadratic dots. Size of dots highly variable; small dots tend to be densely spaced, whilst large dots are widely spaced; often two rows of dots form close-spaced pairs separated by wider interspaces from the next pair.
Shell measurements and ratios. n = 14: largest specimen: SL: 44 mm, MD: 31.1 mm, mean SL: 35.0 mm (σ = 5.4), mean MD: 24.3 mm (σ = 4.2), spire angle: µ = 128.0° (σ = 10.2°), last whorl angle: µ = 40.1° (σ = 1.1°), LW: µ = 1.4 (σ = 0.06), RD: µ = 0.75 (σ = 0.04), PMD: µ = 0.87 (σ = 0.03), RSH: µ = 0.08 (σ = 0.04).
Discussion. Despite the numerous papers dealing with this species, no author so far has described the conspicuous sculpture of the early spire whorls with broad shoulder nodules and prominent striae. Similarly, the concave tops of early spire whorls have not been mentioned before. A comparison with specimens from the Tortonian of Modena and Tortona, showed the same features and fully support the identification of the Paratethyan specimens. This species was placed in Kalloconus da Motta, 1991 by Tucker & Tenorio (2009) and Landau et al. (2013). The concave tops do not contradict this assignment as the type species Kalloconus pulcher ([Lightfoot, 1786]) and also K. byssinus (Röding, 1798) —the second extant species included by Tucker & Tenorio (2009) in the genus—have also slightly concave tops. Clear deviation from the diagnosis is the presence of very prominent spiral cords on early spire whorls and the broad nodules. Consequently, either the diagnosis of Kalloconus has to be emended or the Miocene species has to be placed in another genus. Provisionally, we follow Tucker & Tenorio (2009) and tentatively treat the species as Kalloconus.
The colouration of the specimens from Weitendorf (Styria, Austria) seems to reflect the original pattern and several other mollusc species from this site reveal similarly well preserved patterns (NHMW collection). Although we do not know the chemical mechanism, it is likely that heating by a synsedimentary basalt flow (Krainer 1987) was responsible for this preservation.
Distribution in Paratethys. Karpatian (early Miocene): Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Niederkreuzstetten (Austria) (Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn (Austria), Mikulov-Kienberk (Czech Republic) (Hörnes 1851; Sieber 1958b); Styrian Basin: Pöls, Weitendorf (Austria) (own data); Carpathian Foredeep: Korytnica, Białogon (Poland) (Friedberg 1911; Bałuk 1997); Pannonian Basin System: Pécsszabolcs, Letkés, Mátraverebély, Sámsonháza, Várpalota, Bánd, Diósd, Hidas, Márkháza, Zebegény, Budapest: Rákos, Illés street (Hungary) (Kovács & Vicián 2013); southern Pannonian Basin: Milijevići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) (Atanacković 1969); Transylvanian Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) (Hoernes & Auinger 1879); Şimleu Basin: Tusa (Romania) (Nicorici 1972); Caransebeş-Mehadia Basin: Valea Strinii, Valea Bela Reca, Valea Calvei, Valea Satului (Romania); Krka Basin: Orehovica (Slovenia) (Miku 2009).
Proto-Mediterranean Sea and north eastern Atlantic. Burdigalian: Colli Torinesi, Italy (Sacco 1893a; Hall 1966); Langhian and Serravallian: Aquitaine Basin, France (Peyrot 1931); Langhian: Loire Basin (Glibert 1952a); Serravallian: Karaman Basin, Turkey (Landau et al. 2013); Tortonian: Cacela Basin, Portugal (Pereira da Costa 1866); Po Basin, Italy (Sacco 1893a; Davoli 1972, 1990; Ruggieri & Davoli 1984; Caprotti 2011). An occurrence from the Pliocene of Italy mentioned by Sacco (1893a) needs confirmation and is most probably incorrect.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- NHMW
- Family
- Conidae
- Genus
- Kalloconus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Material sample ID
- NHMW 1849 , NHMW 1856 , NHMW 1864
- Order
- Neogastropoda
- Phylum
- Mollusca
- Scientific name authorship
- Michelotti
- Species
- berghausi
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- holotype , neotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Kalloconus berghausi Michelotti, 1847 sec. Harzhauser & Landau, 2016
References
- Michelotti, G. (1847) Description des fossiles des terrains miocenes de l'Italie septentrionale. Ouvrage publie par la societe Hollandaise des Sciences, et accompagne d'un atlas de 17 planches. Natuurkundelige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappei van Wetenschappen te Haarlem, Ser. 2, 3 (2), 1 - 408.
- Hoernes, R. (1878 a) Ueber das Vorkommen des Genus Conus in den marinen Neogen-Ablageru ngen der oster. - ungar. Monarchie. Verhandlungen der k. k. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 1878, 191 - 196.
- Hoernes, R. (1878 b) Vergleichung italienischer Conus - Faunen mit solchen des osterr. - ungar. Neogen. Verhandlungen der k. k. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 1878, 205 - 298.
- Hoernes, R. & Auinger, M. (1879) Die Gasteropoden der Meeres-Ablagerungen der ersten und zweiten Miocanen Mediterran- Stufe in der Osterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 12, 1 - 52.
- Pereira Da Costa, F. A. (1866 - 67) Gasteropodes dos depositos Terciarios do Portugal. Commissao Geologica de Portugal, Lisboa. [1 ° Caderno, i - x, 1 - 116 + 5 unnumbered pages of index, figure captions and errata, pls. 1 - 15 (1866); 2 ° Caderno, 117 - 252 + 5 unnumbered pages of index, plate captions and errata, pls. 16 - 28 (1867).]
- De Gregorio, A. (1885) Continuazione degli studi su talune conchiglie mediteranee vivente e fossile. Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana, 11, 27 - 203.
- Gmelin, J. F. (1791) C. a Linne ... Systema naturae per regna tria naturae ... editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. Tomus I, pars VI, Vermes testacea. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120.
- Bronn, H. G. (1831) Ubersicht der Fossilen Uberreste in den tertiaren subappeninischen Gebirgen. Italiens Tertiar-Gebilde und deren organische Einschlusse. XII + 176 pp., Heidelberg.
- Hinculov, L. (1968) Fauna miocena din Bazinul Mehadia, In: Iliescu, O., Hinculov, A. & Hinculov, L. (Eds.), Bazinul Mehadia, studiul geologic si paleontologic. Memorii Institutul Geologic, 9, 75 - 187.
- Baluk, W. (1997) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland; Part III. Acta Geologica Polonica, 47, 1 - 75.
- Chira, C. & Voia, I. (2001) Middle Miocene (Badenian) Conidae from Lapugiu de Sus, Romania: systematical and palaeoecological data. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geologia, 46, 151 - 160. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5038 / 1937 - 8602.46.2.13
- Miku, V. (2003) Fosilna dediscina Dolenjske v sliki in besedi. (Das Fossilienerbe von Dolenjsko in Bild und Wort). Vekov tek, Kostanjevica na Krki 1252 - 2002. Zbornik ob 750. obletnici prve listinske omembe mesta. Krajevna skupnost Kostanjevica na Krki (Ko-stanjevica na Krki), pp. 302 - 314.
- Mikuz, V. (2009) Miocene gastropods from the vicinity of Sentjernej and from other localities in the Krka Basin, Slovenia. Folia Biologica et Geologica, 50, 5 - 69.
- Kovacs, Z. & Vician, Z. (2013) Badenian (middle Miocene) Conoidean (Neogastropoda) fauna from Letkes (N Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 30, 53 - 100.
- Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M., Islamoglu, Y. & Marques da Silva, C. (2013) Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin of Turkey. Cainozoic Research, 11 - 13, 3 - 576.
- Kojumdgieva, E. M. & Strachimirov, B. (1960) Les fossiles de Bulgarie. VII. Tortonien. Academie des Sciences de Bulgarie, Sofia, 317 pp.
- Strausz, L. (1966) Die Miozan-Mediterranen Gastropoden Ungarns. Akademiai Kiad, Budapest, 693 pp.
- Hall, C. A., Jr. (1966) Middle Miocene Conus (class Gastropoda) from Piedmont, Northern Italy. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 3, 111 - 171 (note that this volume was published in 1966 although 1966 is indicated on the paper).
- Sacco, F. (1893 a) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte 13 [a]: (Conidae) (Fasciolo Primo). Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, (2) 44, 1894, 1 - 54.
- da Motta, A. J. (1991) A systematic classification of the gastropod family Conidae at the generic level. La Conchiglia, Roma, 48 pp.
- Tucker, J. K. & Tenorio, M. J. (2009) Systematic classification of recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 296 pp.
- Lightfoot, J. (1786) [Descriptions of species] In: A Catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Dowager Duchess of Portland, deceased, which will be sold at auction, by Mr. Skinner & Co. London. Privately published, London, VIII + 194 pp.
- Krainer, B. (1987) Sedimentation und Shoshonit von Weitendorf, Badenien, Steirisches Becken. Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 80, 143 - 156.
- Sieber, R. (1958 b) Die Tortonfauna von Steinabrunn bei Drasenhofen (Bez. Mistelbach, N. - O.). Verhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 1958, 142 - 155.
- Atanackovic, M. A. (1969) Paleontoloska i biostratigrafska analiza tortonske faune severouistocnog Potkozarja (Okolina sela Turjaka i Miljevica). Acta Geologica Zagreb, 6, 149 - 222.
- Nicorici, E. (1972) Stratigrafia Neogenului din sudul Bazinului Simleu. Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucuresti, 159 pp.
- Peyrot, A. (1931) Conchologie neogenique de l'Aquitaine. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 82, 73 - 126.
- Glibert, M. (1952 a) Gastropodes du Miocene moyen du Bassin de la Loire, deuxieme partie. Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 2 (46), 241 - 450.
- Davoli, F. (1972) Conidae (Gastropoda). In: Montanaro, E. (Ed.), Studi monografici sulla malacologia miocenica modenense; Parte 1 - Molluschi tortoniani di Montegibbio. Palaeontographia Italica, 68 (n. s. 38), 51 - 143.
- Ruggieri, G. & Davoli, F. (1984) Malacofauna di Casa Nova Calisese (Sogliano, Forli). Paleontographia Italica, Pisa, 73 (N. Ser. 43), 41 - 85.
- Caprotti, E. (2011) Molluschi tortoniani di Stazzano (Alessandria). Bollettino Malacologico, 47 (1), 47 - 81.