Philine Ascanius 1772

Genus PHILINE Ascanius, 1772

Philine Ascanius, 1772: 331. Type species: Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772 [= Philine aperta (Linné, 1767); Recent, Norway], by monotypy.

Synonyms:

Lobaria Müller, 1776: xxix, 226. Type species: Lobaria quadriloba Müller, 1776 [= Philine aperta (Linné, 1767); Recent, eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean], by monotypy.

Bullaea Lamarck, 1801: 63. Type species: Philine planciana Lamarck, 1801 [= Philine aperta (Linné, 1767); Recent, Mediterranean], by monotypy.

Ossiania Monterosato, 1884: 147. Type species: Philine scutulum Lovén, 1846 [Recent, northeastern Atlantic], by original designation.

Hermania Monterosato, 1884: 147. Type species: Bulla scabra Müller, 1784 [Recent, Norway], by monotypy.

Yokoyamaia Habe, 1950b: 50. Type species: Philine ornatissima Yokoyama, 1927 [Recent, Japan], by original designation.

REMARKS. — Several generic names have been introduced for species of the traditional genus Philine Ascanius, 1772, for the most part based on conchological differences. Two of these genera, Lobaria Müller, 1776 and Bullaea Lamarck, 1801, are based on nominal type species that are synonyms of Philine aperta (Linné, 1767), which is also the valid name for the type species of Philine. Thus there is no question that Lobaria and Bullaea are synonyms of Philine.

Rudman (1972a), Marcus (1974) and Gosliner (1980; 1988) considered the division of Philine artificial and unnecessary. Rudman (1972a) showed that there are intermediates between most of the forms separated as genera by Habe (1950b) and Pruvot-Fol (1954). All these names have been included here in the synonymy of Philine.

The anatomy and external morphology of Philine has been studied in detail by Rudman (1972a) and Gosliner (1988) and the diagnosis above is based on these two papers.