Fig. 56 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites

Fig. 56. Evolution of spear length and spear tip shape inferred from the optimization of characters 19 and 20, respectively, on the strict consensus tree from our character congruence analysis. Optimization of spear length A. with Brachyphylla as the sister taxon of Hirsutaglossa, Phyllostominae, and Nullicauda. The equivocal reconstruction beginning with the last common ancestor the clade including Hirsutaglossa, Phyllostominae, and Nullicauda is due to alternative optimizations under ACCTRAN and DELTRAN. B. with Brachyphylla as the sister taxon of Phyllostominae and Nullicauda. Optimizations of spear tip shape C. with Brachyphylla as the sister taxon of Hirsutaglossa, Phyllostominae, and Nullicauda, and D. with Brachyphylla as the sister taxon of Phyllostominae and Nullicauda. The equivocal reconstruction beginning with the last common ancestor of Phyllostomidae is due to alternative reconstructions under ACCTRAN and DELTRAN.