Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published November 30, 2012 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Creators

Description

Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284

Files

source.pdf

Files (14.5 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:00c44d07971fecf677527563a45441fa
14.5 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFC44D07971FFFF677527563A454FFFA
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFC44D07971FFFF677527563A454FFFA

Cites
Publication: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00160.x] (DOI)
Has part
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F970AFFE377927061A028FA20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F970AFFE3779273E2A003F880 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE077927462A720FDE0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE077927702A60FFC80 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE0779276C2A01CFB60 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE0779271A2A58AFA60 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187709 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE0779270A1A0E6F980 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187711 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE0779273C2A62AF8A0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE1779275A2A5BCFE20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE177927762A5BCFD20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE177927642A038FBE0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE177927122A649FAC0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE177927002A098F9C0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFEE779273A1A0C7FE80 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE779274A2A1D2FDC0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE77927702A7B9FCC0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE77927602A1CCFBA0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE779271C2A518FB20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE77927062A1F4FA20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187713 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE77927362A594F923 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEF77927262A064FF00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187717 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF77927442A741FDE0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF779277E2A019FCA0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF779276E2A7E0FB60 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187720 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF779271A2A596FA80 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187722 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF779270C2A0B5F8E0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC779275A2A708FE00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC77927742A11FFD20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187724 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC77927662A778FC60 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187726 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC779276A2A6B6FB80 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC77927061A796FA40 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC77927362A7FFF8E3 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9704FFED77927462A05AFE40 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187728 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9704FFED77927482A5CAFB40 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187733 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9704FFED77927062A51EF963 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9704FFEA779273A2A074FE40 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA77927762A116FDA3 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA779277E1A603FC00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA77927122A666FB20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA77927062A118FA60 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA77927362A5A0F8C0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB77927461A170FE40 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB77927742A0D1FD00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB77927642A154FC00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB77927122A739FA80 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB779270C2A615F9A0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB779273E2A766F880 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187737 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9701FFE877927462A51CFE00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9701FFE8779277F8A1CCFC09 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9701FFE977927174A7E8FEC0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE977927401A0E9FDC0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE977927701A5B7FCE0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE977927621A17BFBC0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE9779271C2A5BCFA40 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE977927082A6DCF880 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD6779275A2A72AFE00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927742A51CFD20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927662A6CDFC00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927142A546F9E0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927322A0C6F900 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927241A747F8C0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927221A752F8A0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD777927201A092FE60 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.5187739 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD777927761A030FD20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD777927662A5CAFC00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD777927142A000FB20 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD777927062A04DFA60 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD477927361A045FF00 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973DFFD477927422A7DBFDC0 (URL)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175286 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175288 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175290 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175292 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175294 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175296 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175298 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175300 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175302 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175304 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175306 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175308 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175310 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5175312 (DOI)

References

  • Abrahamsson, M., and M. Lindbladh. 2006. A comparison of saproxylic beetle occurrence between man-made high- and low-stumps of spruce (Picea abies). Forest Ecology and Management 226: 230-237.
  • Adams, C. C. 1915. An ecological study of prairie and forest invertebrates. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 11: 30-280.
  • Akre, R. D., and W. B. Hill. 1973. Behavior of Adranes taylori, a myrmecophilous beetle associated with Lasius sitkaensis in the Pacific Northwest (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae; Hymenoptera: Formici- dae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 39: 745-782.
  • Anderson, R. S. 2002. 131. Curculionidae Latreille 1802. p. 722-815. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabae- oidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Anonymous. 2004. State of the Parks. Great Smoky Mountains National Park. National Parks Conservation Association; Fort Collins, CO. 24 p.
  • Arnett, R. H., Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). 2001. American beetles, Volume 1. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. ix + 443 p.
  • Arnett, R. H., Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank (eds.). 2002. American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Atkinson, T. H., R. J. Rabaglia, and D. E. Bright. 1990. Newly detected exotic species of Xyleborus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with a revised key to species in eastern North America. The Canadian Entomologist 122: 93-104.
  • Baker, S. C. 2006. A comparison of litter beetle assemblages (Coleoptera) in mature and recently clearfelled Eucalyptus obliqua forest. Australian Journal of Entomology 45: 130-136.
  • Ball, G. E., and Y. Bousquet. 2001. 6. Carabidae Latreille, 1810. p. 32-132. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). American beetles, Volume 1. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. ix + 443 p.
  • Barclay, M. V. L., and D. Telnov (eds.). 2005. Proceedings of the 3rd symposium and workshop on the conservation of saproxylic beetles, Riga, Latvia 07th-11th July, 2004. Latvijas Entomologijas, Supplementum VI: 1-126.
  • Beer, F. M. 1949. The rearing of Buprestidae and delayed emergence of their larvae. The Coleopterists' Bulletin 3: 81-84.
  • Bell, R. T. 1970. The Rhysodini of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Carabidae or Rhysodidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America 6: 289-324.
  • Bell, R. T., and J. R. Bell. 1985. Rhysodini of the world part IV. Revisions of Rhyzodiastes Fairmaire and Clinidium Kirby, with new species in other genera (Coleoptera: Carabidae or Rhysodidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae 21: 1-172.
  • Bishop, D. J., C. G. Majka, S. Bondrup-Nielsen, and S. B. Peck. 2009. Deadwood and saproxylic beetle diversity in naturally distributed and managed spruce forests in Nova Scotia. ZooKeys 22: 309-340.
  • Blackman, M. W., and H. H. Stage. 1918. Notes on insects bred from the bark and wood of the American larch. The New York State College of Forestry, Technical Publication No. 10: 11-115.
  • Blackman, M. W., and H. H. Stage. 1924. On the succession of insects living in the bark and wood of dying, dead, and decaying hickory. The New York State College of Forestry, Technical Publication No. 17: 3-268.
  • Blair, K. G. 1932. The North American species of Rhinosimus (Col. Pythidae). Entomologists Monthly Magazine 68: 253-255.
  • Blanchard, F. 1917. Revision of the Throscidae of North America (Coleoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 43: 1-26.
  • Blatchley, W. S. 1910. Coleoptera or beetles known to occur in Indiana. The Nature Publishing Company; Indianapolis, Indiana. 1386 p.
  • Blatchley, W. S., and C. W. Leng. 1916. Rhynchophora or weevils of north eastern America. The Nature Publishing Company; Indianapolis, Indiana. 682 p.
  • Bortolus, A. 2008. Error cascades in the biological sciences: the unwanted consequences of using bad taxonomy in ecology. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 37: 114-118.
  • Bouget, C., A. Brin, and H. Brustel. 2011a. Exploring the "last biotic frontier": are temperate forest canopies special for saproxylic beetles? Forest Ecology and Management 261: 211-220.
  • Bouget, C., and P. Duelli. 2004. The effects of windthrow on forest insect communities: a literature review. Biological Conservation 118: 281-299.
  • Bouget, C., B. Nusillard, X. Pineau, and C. Ricou. 2011b. Effect of deadwood position on saprox- ylic beetles in temperate forests and conservation interest of oak snags. Insect Conservation and Diversity [doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00160.x] 1-15.
  • Boulanger, Y., and L. Sirois. 2007. Postfire succession of saproxylic arthropods, with emphasis on Coleoptera, in the north boreal forest of Quebec. Environmental Entomology 36: 128-141.
  • Bousquet, Y. 1989. A review of the North American genera of Cryptophaginae (Coleoptera: Cryp- tophagidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 43: 1-17.
  • Bousquet, Y. 1990. Beetles associated with stored products in Canada: an identification guide. Agri- culture Canada Publication 1837. Minister of Supply and Services; Ottawa. 214 p.
  • Bousquet, Y., and A. Larochelle. 1993. Catalogue of the Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Trachypachidae, Rhysodidae, Carabidae including Cicindelini) of America North of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomo- logical Society of Canada 125: 1-397.
  • Boving, A. G., and F. C. Craighead. 1930. An illustrated synopsis of the principal larval forms of the order Coleoptera. Entomologica Americana (New Series) 11: 1-351.
  • Bowen, C. P. (ed.). 2003. Proceedings of the second pan-European conference on saproxylic beetles, Royal Holloway, University of London, June 2002. People's Trust for Endangered Species; London. 77 p.
  • Braccia, A., and D. P. Batzer. 2001. Invertebrates associated with woody debris in a southeastern U.S. forested floodplain wetland. Wetlands 21: 18-31.
  • Brendel, E., and H. F. Wickham. 1890-1891. The Pselaphidae of North America. Bulletin of the Laboratory of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 1: 216-304, 2: 1-84, pls. 1-12.
  • Brin, A., C. Bouget, H. Brustel, and H. Jactel. 2010. Diameter of downed woody debris does matter for saproxylic beetle assemblages in temperate oak and pine forests. Journal of Insect Conservation 15: 653-659.
  • Brissette, J. C., M. J. Ducey, and J. H. Gove. 2003. A field test of point relascope sampling of down coarse woody material in managed stands in the Acadian Forest. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 130: 79-88.
  • Brooks, A. R. 1960. Adult Elateridae of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, Supplement 20: 1-63.
  • Brown, J. K., E. D. Reinhardt, and K. A. Kramer. 2003. Coarse woody debris: managing benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-105: 1-16.
  • Brues, C. T. 1927. Observations on wood-boring insects, their parasites and other associated insects. Psyche 34: 73-90.
  • Brunke, A., A. Newton, J. Klimaszewski, C. Majka, and S. Marshall. 2011. Staphylinidae of eastern Canada and adjacent United States. Key to subfamilies; Staphylininae: tribes and subtribes, and species of Staphylinina. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 12: 1-110.
  • Buse, J. 2012. "Ghosts of the past": flightless saproxylic weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are relict species in ancient woodlands. Journal of Insect Conservation 16: 93-102.
  • Buse J., K. N. A. Alexander, T. Ranius, and T. Assmann (eds.). 2009. Saproxylic beetles- their role and diversity in European woodland and tree habitats. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium and Workshop on the Conservation of Saproxylic Beetles. Pensoft; Sofia-Moscow. 236 p.
  • Campbell, J. M. 1976. A revision of the genus Sepedophilus Gistel (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 99: 1-89.
  • Campbell, J. W., J. L. Hanula, and K. W. Outcalt. 2008a. Effects of prescribed fire and other plant community restoration treatments on tree mortality, bark beetles, and other saproxylic Coleoptera on longleaf pine, Pinus palustris Mill., on the coastal plain of Alabama. Forest Ecology and Management 254: 134-144.
  • Campbell, J. W., J. L. Hanula, and T. A. Waldrop. 2008b. Effects of prescribed fire and fire sur- rogates on saproxylic Coleoptera in the southern Appalachians in North Carolina. Journal of En- tomological Science 43: 57-75.
  • Carlton, C. E. 2008. Eight new species of Arianops Brendel from southeastern United States with an updated key and notes on additional species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Cole- opterists Bulletin 62: 297-323.
  • Carlton, C. E. 2010. A new species of Reichenbachia from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A. The Coleopterists Bulletin 64: 39-41.
  • Carlton, C. E., and V. Bayless. 2007. Documenting beetle (Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera) diversity in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: beyond the halfway point. Southeastern Naturalist Special Issue 1: 183-192.
  • Carlton, C. E., and R. A. B. Leschen. 2009. A new species and new North American record of Pseudotriphyllus (Coleoptera: Mycetophagidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 63: 24-30.
  • Carlton, C. E., and H. W. Robison. 1998. Diversity of litter-dwelling beetles in the Ouachita High- lands of Arkansas, USA (Insecta: Coleoptera). Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 1589-1605.
  • Casey, T. L. 1893. Coleopterological Notices. V. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 7: 281-606.
  • Casey, T. L. 1906. Observations on the staphylinid groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini, chiefly of America. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 16: 125-434.
  • Cavalli, R., and F. Mason. 2003. Techniques for reestablishment of dead wood for saproxylic fauna conservation. LIFE Nature project NAT/IT/996245 "Bosco della Fontana" Mantova, Italy. Scien- tific Reports 2. Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversita Forestale di Vernoa-Bosco della Fontana. Gianluigi Arcari Editore; Mantova, Italy. 112 p.
  • Champlain, A. B., and J. N. Knull. 1922 [1923]. Miscellaneous notes on Coleoptera. The Canadian Entomologist 54: 102-104.
  • Chandler, D. S. 1987. Species richness and abundance of Pselaphidae (Coleoptera) in old-growth and 40-year-old forests in New Hampshire. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 608-615.
  • Chandler, D. S. 1990a. Insecta: Coleoptera Pselaphidae. p. 1175-1190. In: D. E. Dindal (ed.). Soil biology guide. John Wiley and Sons; New York. 1349 p.
  • Chandler, D. S. 1990b. The Pselaphidae (Coleoptera) of Latimer County, Oklahoma, with revisions of four genera from eastern North America. Part 1. Faroninae and Euplectinae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 115: 503-529.
  • Chandler, D. S. 1991. Comparison of some slime-mold and fungus feeding beetles (Coleoptera: Euci- netoidea, Cucujoidea) in an old growth and 40-year-old forest in New Hampshire. The Coleopterists Bulletin 45: 239-256.
  • Chandler, D. S., and S. A. Peck. 1992. Diversity and seasonality of leiodid beetles (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) in an old-growth and a 40-year-old forest in New Hampshire. Community and Ecosystem Ecology 21: 1283-1293.
  • Chemsak, J. A. 1963. Taxonomy and bionomics of the genus Tetraopes (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology 30: 1-89.
  • Chojnacky, D. C., R. A. Mickler, L. S. Heath, and C. W. Woodall. 2004. Estimates of down woody materials in eastern US forests. Environmental Management 33 (supplement 1): S44-S55.
  • Ciegler, J.C. 2000. Ground beetles and wrinkled bark beetles of South Carolina (Coleoptera: Geadeph- aga: Carabidae and Rhysodidae). Biota of South Carolina. Vol. 1. Clemson University; Clemson, SC. 149 p.
  • Ciegler, J. C. 2010. Weevils of South Carolina (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, Ithyceridae, and Curculionidae). Biota of South Carolina. Vol. 6. Clemson University, Clemson, SC. 276 p.
  • Coddington, J. A., I. Agnarsson, J. A. Miller, M. Kuntner, and G. Hormiga. 2009. Undersampling bias: the null hypothesis for singleton species in tropical arthropod surveys. Journal of Animal Ecology 78: 573-584.
  • Crawley, M. J. 2007. The R book. John Wiley and Sons; San Francisco, CA. 942 p.
  • Crotch, G. R. 1873. Synopsis of the Endomychidae of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 4: 359-363.
  • Crowson, R. A. 1960. The phylogeny of Coleoptera. Annual Review of Entomology 5: 111-134.
  • Crowson, R. A. 1981. The biology of the Coleoptera. Academic Press; New York. 802 p.
  • Davies, Z. G., C. Tyler, G. B. Stewart, and A. S. Pullin. 2008. Are current management recommendations for saproxylic invertebrates effective? A systematic review. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 209-234.
  • Davis, M. B. (ed.). 1996. Eastern old-growth forests: prospects for rediscovery and recovery. Island Press; Washington, D. C. 383 p.
  • Dechene, A. D., and C. M. Buddle. 2010. Decomposing logs increase oribatid mite assemblage diversity in mixedwood boreal forest. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 237-256.
  • De Coninck, E., and R. Coessens. 1981. Life cycle and reproductive pattern of Acrotrichis intermedia (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae) in experimental conditions. Journal of Natural History 15: 1047-1055.
  • Deyrup, M. A. 1975. The insect community of dead and dying Douglas-fir. 1. The Hymenoptera. Uni- versity of Washington, Seattle. Coniferous Forest Biome Bulletin 6: 1-104.
  • Deyrup, M. A. 1976. The insect community of dead and dying Douglas-fir: Diptera, Coleoptera, and Neuroptera. University of Washington; Seattle, WA. 540 p. Ph.D. dissertation.
  • Deyrup, M. A., and J. G. Mosley. 2004. Natural history of the flat bug Aradus gracilicornis in firekilled pines (Heteroptera: Aradidae). Florida Entomologist 87: 79-81.
  • Dietrich, H. 1945. The Elateridae of New York State. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 269: 1-79.
  • Doane, R. W., E. C. Van Dyke, W. J. Chamberlin, and H. E. Burke. 1936. Forest insects: a text- book for the use of students in forest schools, colleges, and universities, and for forest workers. McGraw-Hill; London. 463 p.
  • Dollin, P. E., C. G. Majka, P. N. Duinker. 2008. Saproxylic beetle (Coleoptera) communities and forest management practices in coniferous stands in southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. Zookeys 2: 291-336.
  • Downie, N. M., and R. H. Arnett, Jr. 1996. The beetles of northeastern North America, 2 vols. The Sandhill Crane Press; Gainesville, FL. 1721 p.
  • Dunford, J. C., and D. K. Young. 2004. An annotated checklist of Wisconsin darkling beetles (Cole- optera: Tenebrionidae) with comparisons to the Western Great Lakes fauna. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 130: 57-76.
  • Dury, C. 1888. Elateridae in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. Entomologica Americana 4: 163-164.
  • Dybas, H. S. 1990. Insecta: Coleoptera Ptiliidae. p. 1093-1112. In: D. E. Dindal (ed.). Soil biology guide. John Wiley and Sons; New York. 1349 p.
  • Eagar, C. 1984. Review of the biology and ecology of the balsam woolly aphid in southern Appalachian spruce-fir forests. p. 36-50. In: P. S. White (ed.). The southern Appalachian spruce-fir ecosystem: its biology and threats. U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service. Research/Resources Management Report SER-71: 1-268.
  • Ehnstrom, B. 2001. Leaving dead wood for insects in boreal forests-suggestions for the future. Scan- dinavian Journal of Forest Research Supplement 3: 91-98.
  • Elton, C. S. 1966. The pattern of animal communities. Methuen & Co. Ltd.; London. 432 p.
  • Elven, H., L. Bachmann, and V. I. Gusarov. 2010. Phylogeny of the tribe Athetini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57: 84-100.
  • Fager, E. W. 1968. The community of invertebrates in decaying oak wood. Journal of Animal Ecology 37: 121-142.
  • Fall, H. C. 1931. The North American species of Hymenorus (Coleoptera: Alleculidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 57: 161-247.
  • Fayt, P., M. Dufrene, E. Branquart, P. Hastir, C. Pontegnie, J. M. Henin, and V. Versteirt. 2006. Contrasting responses of saproxylic insects to focal habitat resources: the example of longhorn beetles and hoverflies in Belgian deciduous forests. Journal of Insect Conservation 10: 129-150.
  • Felt, E. P. 1906. Insects affecting park and woodland trees. Memoirs of the New York State Museum 8: 1-877.
  • Ferro, M. L., and C. E. Carlton. 2010. Fifteen new species of Sonoma Casey from the eastern United States and a description of the male of Sonoma tolulae (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pse- laphinae). Insecta Mundi 0137: 1-44.
  • Ferro, M. L., and C. E. Carlton. 2011. A practical emergence chamber for collecting Coleoptera from rotting wood, with a review of emergence chamber designs to collect saproxylic insects. The Cole- opterists Bulletin 65: 115-124.
  • Ferro, M. L., and M. L. Gimmel. 2011. New synonymies and range extension for North American Thoracophorus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 65: 403-404.
  • Ferro, M. L., M. L. Gimmel, K. E. Harms, and C. E. Carlton. 2009. The beetle community of small oak twigs in Louisiana, with a literature review of Coleoptera from fine woody debris. The Coleop- terists Bulletin 63: 239-263.
  • Ferro, M. L., M. L. Gimmel, K. E. Harms, and C. E. Carlton. 2012a. Comparison of the Coleoptera communities in leaf litter and rotten wood in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 259: 1-58.
  • Ferro, M. L., M. L. Gimmel, K. E. Harms, and C. E. Carlton. 2012b. Comparison of three collection techniques for capture of Coleoptera, with an emphasis on saproxylic species, in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 261: 1-31.
  • Frank, J. H. 1983. New records of Philonthini from the circum-Caribbean region (Coleoptera: Staphy- linidae). Florida Entomologist 66: 473-481.
  • Gibb, H., J. Hjalten, J. P. Ball, O. Atlegrim, R. B. Pettersson, J. Hilszczanski, T. Johansson, and K. Danell. 2006a. Effects of landscape composition and substrate availability on saproxylic beetles in boreal forests: a study using experimental logs for monitoring assemblages. Ecography 29: 191-204.
  • Gibb, H., R. B. Pettersson, J. Hjalten, J. Hilszczanski, J. P. Ball, T. Johansson, O. Atlegrim, and K. Danell. 2006b. Conservation-oriented forestry and early successional saproxylic beetles: responses of functional groups to manipulated dead wood substrates. Biological Conservation 129: 437-450.
  • Gimmel, M. L., and A. Slipinski. 2007. A new species of the genus Philothermus Aube (Coleoptera: Cerylonidae) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A. Zootaxa 1390: 17-20.
  • Gotelli, N. J. 2004. A taxonomic wish-list for community ecology. Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 359: 585-597.
  • Gotelli, N. J., and R. K. Colwell. 2001. Quantifying biodiversity: procedures and pitfalls in the mea- surement and comparison of species richness. Ecology Letters 4: 379-391.
  • Gotelli, N. J., and A. M. Ellison. 2004. A primer of ecological statistics. Sinauer Associates, Inc.; Sunderland, MA. 510 p.
  • Gouix, N., and J. Klimaszewski. 2007. Catalogue of aleocharine rove beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers; Sofia-Moscow. 165 p.
  • Gove, J. H., A. Ringvall, G. Stahl, and M. J. Ducey. 1999. Point relascope sampling of downed coarse woody debris. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1718-1726.
  • Graham, S. A. 1925. The felled tree trunk as an ecological unit. Ecology 6: 397-411.
  • Graham, R. T., A. E. Harvey, M. F. Jurgensen, T. B. Jain, J. R. Tonn, and D. S. Page-Dumroese. 1994. Managing coarse woody debris in forests of the Rocky Mountains. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Research Paper INT-RP-477: 1-12.
  • Grebennikov, V. V., and A. F. Newton. 2009. Good-bye Scydmaenidae, or why the ant-like stone beetles should become megadiverse Staphylinidae sensu latissimo (Coleoptera). European Journal of Entomology 106: 275-301.
  • Grigarick, A. A., and R. O. Schuster. 1980. Discrimination of genera of Euplectini of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 87: vi + 56 p., 79 pl.
  • Grimaldi, D., and M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press; New York. 755 p.
  • Grove, S. J. 2002a. The influence of forest management history on the integrity of the saproxylic beetle fauna in an Australian lowland tropical rainforest. Biological Conservation 104: 149-171.
  • Grove, S. J. 2002b. Saproxylic insect ecology and the sustainable management of forests. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33: 1-23.
  • Grove, S. J. 2002c. Tree basal area and dead wood as surrogate indicators of saproxylic insect fauna integrity: a case study from the Australian lowland tropics. Ecological Indicators 1: 171-188.
  • Grove, S. J. 2003. Maintaining data integrity in insect biodiversity assessment projects. Journal of Insect Conservation 7: 33-44.
  • Grove, S. J. 2009. A decade of deadwoodology at Warra. The Tasmanian Naturalist 131: 25-35.
  • Grove, S. J., and L. Forster. 2011a. A decade of change in the saproxylic beetle fauna of eucalypt logs in the Warra long-term log-decay experiment, Tasmania. 1. Description of the fauna and seasonality patterns. Biodiversity and Conservation 20: 2149-2165.
  • Grove, S. J., and L. Forster. 2011b. A decade of change in the saproxylic beetle fauna of eucalypt logs in the Warra long-term log-decay experiment, Tasmania. 2. Log-size effects, succession, and the functional significance of rare species. Biodiversity and Conservation 20: 2167-2188.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2002a. A revision of Nearctic species of the genus Tomoglossa Kraatz, 1856 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 30: 1-19.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2002b. A revision of the genus Microlia Casey, 1910 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocha- rinae: Hoplandriini). Zootaxa 34: 1-24.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2002c. A revision of Nearctic species of the genus Geostiba Thomson, 1858 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 81: 1-88.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2002d. A revision of Nearctic species of the genus Earota Mulsant and Rey, 1874 (Co- leoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 92: 1-16.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2002e. A revision of Nearctic species of the genus Tropimenelytron Pace, 1983 (Coleop- tera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), a new genus for North America. Zootaxa 114: 1-24.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2003a. A revision of the genus Seeversiella Ashe, 1986 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 142: 1-102.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2003b. A revision of the genus Goniusa Casey, 1906 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 164: 1-20.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2003c. A revision of Nearctic species of the genera Adota Casey, 1910 and Psammostiba Yosii and Sawada, 1976 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 185: 1-35.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2003d. A revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Stethusa Casey, 1910 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 239: 1-43.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2003e. Revision of some types of North American aleocharines (Coleoptera: Staphylini- dae: Aleocharinae), with synonymic notes. Zootaxa 353: 1-134.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2004a. A revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Halobrecta Thomson, 1858 (Cole- optera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with notes on some Palaearctic species of the genus. Zootaxa 746: 1-25.
  • Gusarov, V. I. 2004b. A revision of the genus Lypoglossa Fenyes, 1918 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 747: 1-36.
  • Hall, W. E. 2001. 17. Ptiliidae Erichson, 1845. p. 233-246. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). American beetles, Volume 1. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. ix + 443 p.
  • Hamilton, W. D. 1978. Evolution and diversity under bark. p. 154-175. In: L. A. Mound and N. Waloff (eds.). Diversity of Insect Faunas Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society of London No. 9. Blackwell; London. 204 p.
  • Hammond, H. E. J. 1997. Arthropod biodiversity from Populus coarse woody material in north-central Alberta: a review of taxa and collection methods. The Canadian Entomologist 129: 1009-1033.
  • Hammond, H. E. J., D. W. Langor, and J. R. Spence. 2001. Early colonization of Populus wood by saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera). Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31: 1175-1183.
  • Hammond, H. E. J., D. W. Langor, and J. R. Spence. 2004. Saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) using Populus in boreal aspen stands of western Canada: spatiotemporal variation and conservation of assemblages. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 1-19.
  • Hanula, J. L. 1996. Relationship of wood-feeding insects and coarse woody debris. p. 55-81. In: J. W. McMinn, and D. A. Crossley. Biodiversity and coarse woody debris in southern forests. Proceedings of the workshop on coarse woody debris in southern forests: effects on biodiversity. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. General Technical Report SE-94: 1-146.
  • Hanula, J. L., D. D. Wade, J. O'Brien, and S. C. Loeb. 2009. Ground-dwelling arthropod association with coarse woody debris following long-term dormant season prescribed burning in the longleaf pine flatwoods of north Florida. Florida Entomologist 92: 229-242.
  • Harmon, M. E. 1992. Long-term experiments on log decomposition at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-280: 1-28.
  • Harmon, M. E., J. F. Franklin, F. J. Swanson, P. Sollins, S. V. Gregory, J. D. Lattin, N. H. Anderson, S. P. Cline, N. G. Aumen, J. R. Sedell, G. W. Lienkaemper, K. Cromack, Jr., and K. W. Cummins. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15: 133-302.
  • Harrington, W. H. 1896. Some beetles occurring on beech. Entomological Society of Ontario, Annual Report 27: 69-75.
  • Harvey, D. J., A. C. Gange, C. J. Hawes, and M. Rink. 2011a. Bionomics and distribution of the stag beetle, Lucanus cervus (L.) across Europe. Insect Conservation and Diversity 4: 23-38.
  • Harvey, D. J., C. J. Hawes, A. C. Gange, P. Finch, D. Chesmore, and I. Farr. 2011b. Development of non-invasive monitoring methods for larvae and adults of the stag beetle, Lucanus cervus. Insect Conservation and Diversity 4: 4-14.
  • Hedgren, P. O. 2007. Early arriving saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) and parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in low and high stumps of Norway spruce. Forest Ecology and Management 241: 155-161.
  • Heilmann-Clausen, J., and M. Christensen. 2004. Does size matter? On the importance of various dead wood fractions for fungal diversity in Danish beech forests. Forest Ecology and Management 201: 105-117.
  • Hepting, G. H. 1974. The death of the American chestnut. Journal of Forest History 18: 60-67.
  • Higgins, R. J., and B. S. Lindgren. 2006. The fine scale physical attributes of coarse wood debris and the effects of surrounding stand structure on its utilization by ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in British Columbia, Canada. In: S. J. Grove, and J. L. Hanula (eds.). Insect biodiversity and dead- wood: proceedings of a symposium for the 22nd International Congress of Entomology. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. General Technical Report SRS-93: 1-109.
  • Hill, W. B., R. B. Akre, and J. D. Huber. 1976. Structure of some epidermal glands in the myrmecophilous beetle Adranes taylori (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 49: 367-384.
  • Hoffmann, C. H. 1941. Biological observations on Xylosandrus germanus (Bldfd.). Journal of Economic Entomology 34: 38-42.
  • Hopping, G. R. 1926. A new Melasis with a key to the species (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomolo- gist 58: 225-228.
  • Horak, J., A. A. Zaitsev, and E. Vavrova. 2011. Ecological requirements of the rare saproxylic beetle Cucujus haematodes-the beetles' stronghold on the edge of its distribution area. Insect Conserva- tion and Diversity 4: 81-88.
  • Horn, G. H. 1871. Descriptions of new Coleoptera of the United States, with notes on known species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 3: 325-344.
  • Horn, G. H. 1873. Synopsis of the Histeridae of the United States. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 13: 273-360.
  • Horn, G. H. 1884. Synopsis of the Philonthi of Boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 11: 177-244.
  • Houk, R., and M. Collier. 1993. Great Smoky Mountains National Park-a natural history guide. Houghton Mifflin Co.; New York. 227 p.
  • Hovemeyer, K., and J. Schauermann. 2003. Succession of Diptera on dead beech wood: a 10-year study. Pedobiologia 47: 61-75.
  • Howden, A. T., and H. F. Howden. 1981. The larva and adult biology of Rhinosimus viridiaeneus (Coleoptera: Salpingidae). The Canadian Entomologist 113: 1055-1060.
  • Howden, H. F., and G. B. Vogt. 1951. Insect communities of standing dead pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 44: 581-595.
  • Hunt, T., J. Bergsten, Z. Levkanicova, A. Papadopoulou, O. St. John, R. Wild, P. M. Hammond, D. Ahrens, M. Balke, M. S. Caterino, J. Gomez-Zurita, I. Ribera, T. G. Barraclough, M. Bocakova, L. Bocak, and A. P. Vogler. 2007. Comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation. Science 318: 1913-1916.
  • Irmler, U. 1985. Neue Arten der Gattungen Aneucamptus und Thoracophorus (Col., Staphylinidae) aus der Neotropis. Entomologische Blatter fur Biologie und Systematik der Kafer 81: 41-58.
  • Irmler, U., K. Heller, and J. Warning. 1996. Age and tree species as factors influencing the popula- tions of insects living in dead wood (Coleoptera, Diptera: Sciaridae, Mycetophilidae). Pedobiologia 40: 134-148.
  • Jacobs, J. M., J. R. Spence, and D. W. Langor. 2007. Variable retention harvest of white spruce stands and saproxylic beetle assemblages. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37: 1631-1642.
  • Janssen, P., C. Hebert, and D. Fortin. 2011. Biodiversity and conservation in old-growth boreal forest: black spruce and balsam fir snags harbor distinct assemblages of saproxylic beetles. Biodi- versity and Conservation 20: 2917-2932.
  • Johnson, P. J. 2002a. 57. Throscidae Laporte 1840. p. 158-159. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Johnson, P. J. 2002b. 58. Elateridae Leach 1815. p. 160-173. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Jonsell, M. 2007. Effects on biodiversity on forest fuel extraction, governed by processes working on a large scale. Biomass and Bioenergy 31: 726-732.
  • Jonsell, M. 2008. Saproxylic beetles in logging residues: which are they and which residues do they use? Norwegian Journal of Entomology 55: 109-122.
  • Jonsell, M., J. Hansson, and L. Wedmo. 2007. Diversity of saproxylic beetle species in logging residues in Sweden-comparisons between tree species and diameters. Biological Conservation 138: 89-99.
  • Jonsell, M., K. Nitterus, and K. Stighall. 2004. Saproxylic beetle in natural and man-made decidu- ous stumps retained for conservation. Biological Conservation 118: 163-173.
  • Jonsell, M., and G. Nordlander. 2002. Insects in polypore fungi as indicator species: a comparison between forest sites differing in amounts and continuity of dead wood. Forest Ecology and Management 157: 101-118.
  • Jonsell, M., J. Weslien, and B. Ehnstrom. 1998. Substrate requirements of red-listed saproxylic invertebrates in Sweden. Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 749-764.
  • Jonsson, B. G., N. Kruys, and T. Ranius. 2005. Ecology of species on dead-wood-lessons for dead wood management. Silva Fennica 39: 289-309.
  • Kaila, L., P. Martikainen, and P. Punttila. 1997. Dead trees left in clear-cuts benefit saproxylic Coleoptera adapted to natural disturbances in boreal forest. Biodiversity and Conservation 6: 1-18.
  • Kaila, L., P. Martikainen, P. Punttila, and E. Yakovlev. 1994. Saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) on dead birch trunks decayed by different polypore species. Annales Zoologici Fennici 31: 97-107.
  • Kappes, H. 2006. Relations between forest management and slug assemblages (Gastropoda) of decidu- ous regrowth forests. Forest Ecology and Management 237: 450-457.
  • Kazantsev, S. 2005. A review of Ancistronycha Markel with the description of Atalantycha, a new Nearctic genus (Coleoptera: Cantharidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 59: 204-210.
  • Kebli, H., P. Drouin, S. Brais, and G. Kernaghan. 2011. Species composition of saproxylic fungal communities on decaying logs in boreal forest. Microbial Ecology 61: 898-910.
  • Kehler, D., S. Bondrup-Nielsen, and C. Corkum. 2004. Beetle diversity associated with forest structure including deadwood in softwood and hardwood stands in Nova Scotia. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science 42: 227-239.
  • Kirk, H. 1922. Biological notes on Elateridae and Melasidae (Col.). Entomological News, Philadelphia 33: 236-240.
  • Klimaszewski, J., D. W. Langor, T. T. Work, J. H. E. Hammond, and K. Savard. 2008. Smaller and more numerous harvesting gaps emulate natural forest disturbances: a biodiversity test case using rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Diversity and Distributions 14: 969-982.
  • Klimaszewski, J., G. Pelletier, and C. Majka. 2004. A revision of Canadian Leptusa Kraatz (Col., Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): new species, new distribution records, key and taxonomic consider- ations. Belgian Journal of Entomology 6: 3-42.
  • Knull, J. N. 1946. A new species of Dirhagus with notes on other Eucnemidae (Coleoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 39: 246-247.
  • Knull, J. N. 1947. New Elateridae with notes on Eucnemidae (Coleoptera). Entomological News Lan- caster 58: 177-181.
  • Koenigs, E., P. J. Shea, R. Borys, and M. I. Haverty. 2002. An investigation of the insect fauna associated with coarse woody debris of Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor in northeastern California. In: W. F. Laudenslayer Jr., P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, T. E. Lisle (technical coordinators). Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181: 1-949.
  • Konstantinov, A., and A. Tishechkin. 2004. The first Nearctic leaf litter flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The Coleopterists Bulletin 58: 71-76.
  • Kovarik, P. W., and M. S. Caterino. 2002. 15. Histeridae Gyllenhal, 1808. p. 212-227. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Kruys, N., and B. G. Jonsson. 1999. Fine woody debris is important for species richness on logs in managed boreal spruce forests of northern Sweden. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1295-1299.
  • Lachat, T., P. Nagel, Y. Cakpo, S. Attignon, G. Goergen, B. Sinsin, and R. Peveling. 2006. Dead wood and saproxylic beetle assemblages in a semi-deciduous forest in Southern Benin. Forest Ecol- ogy and Management 225: 27-38.
  • Lachat, T., R. Peveling, S. Attignon, G. Goergen, B. Sinsin, and P. Nagel. 2007. Saproxylic beetle assemblages on native and exotic snags in a West African tropical forest. African Entomology 15: 13-24.
  • Lane, M. C. 1971. Family Elateridae [except Cardiophorinae]. p. 6-35. In: M. H. Hatch. Beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part V: Rhipiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora, and Lamellicornia. University of Washington Publications in Biology 16: 1-662.
  • Langor, D. W., H. E. J. Hammond, J. R. Spence, J. Jacobs, and T. P. Cobb. 2008. Saproxylic insect assemblages in Canadian forests: diversity, ecology, and conservation. The Canadian Entomologist 140: 453-474.
  • Langor, D. W., J. R. Spence, H. E. J. Hammond, J. Jacobs, and T. P. Cobb. 2006. Maintaining saproxylic insects in Canada's extensively managed boreal forests: a review. In: S. J. Grove, and J. L. Hanula (eds.). Insect biodiversity and deadwood: proceedings of a symposium for the 22nd Inter- national Congress of Entomology. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. General Technical Report SRS-93: 1-109.
  • Lattin, J. D. 1993. Arthropod diversity and conservation in old-growth Northwest forests. American Zoologist 33: 578-587.
  • Laudenslayer, W. F., Jr., P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (technical coordinators). 2002. Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. General Technical Report PSW- GTR-181: 1-949.
  • Lawrence, J. F. 1967. Delimitation of the genus Ceracis (Coleoptera: Ciidae) with a revision of the North American species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 136: 91-144.
  • Lawrence, J. F. 1971. Revision of the North American Ciidae (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 142: 419-522.
  • Lawrence, J. F. 1973. Host preference in ciid beetles (Coleoptera: Ciidae) inhabiting the fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes in North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 144: 163-212.
  • Lawrence, J. F. 1982a. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family: Cerylonidae. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook no. 529-95: 1-10.
  • Lawrence, J. F. 1982b. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family: Ciidae. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook no. 529-105: 1-18.
  • Lawrence, J. F., and K. Stephan. 1975. The North American Cerylonidae (Coleoptera: Clavicornia). Psyche 82: 131-166.
  • LeConte, J. L. 1853. Revision of the Elateridae of the United States. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 10: 405-508.
  • LeConte, J. L. 1884. Short studies of North American Coleoptera (no. 2). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 12: 1-32.
  • Leschen, R. A. B. 1996. Phylogeny and revision of the genera of Cryptophagidae (Coleoptera: Cucu- joidea). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 55: 549-634.
  • Leschen, R. A. B. 2006. Evolution of saproxylic and mycophagous Coleoptera in New Zealand. p. 1-8. In: S. J. Grove, and J. L. Hanula (eds.). Insect biodiversity and deadwood: proceedings of a symposium for the 22nd International Congress of Entomology. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. General Technical Report SRS-93: 1-109.
  • Leschen, R. A. B., and P. E. Skelley. 2002. 85. Cryptophagidae Kirby 1837. p. 338-342. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Lindhe, A., and A. Lindelow. 2004. Cut high stumps of spruce, birch, aspen and oak as breeding substrates for saproxylic beetles. Forest Ecology and Management 203: 1-20.
  • Lindhe, A., A. Lindelow, and N. Asenblad. 2005. Saproxylic beetles in standing dead wood density in relation to substrate sun-exposure and diameter. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 3033-3053.
  • Lindroth, C. H. 1961-1969. The ground-beetles of Canada and Alaska, Parts 1-6. Entomologiska Sallskapet; Lund, Sweden. 1192.
  • Lingafelter, S. W. 2007. Illustrated key to the longhorned woodboring beetles of the eastern United States. Coleopterists Society Miscellaneous Publication. Special Publication No. 3, 1-206.
  • Linsley, E. G. 1961. The Cerambycidae of North America. Part I. Introduction. University of California Publications in Entomology 18: 1-97.
  • Linsley, E. G. 1962a. The Cerambycidae of North America. Part II. Taxonomy and classification of the Parandrinae, Prioninae, Spondylinae, and Aseminae. University of California Publications in Entomology 19: 1-102.
  • Linsley, E. G. 1962b. The Cerambycidae of North America. Part III. Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Cerambycinae, tribes Opsimini through Megaderini. University of California Publi- cations in Entomology 20: 1-188.
  • Linsley, E. G. 1963. The Cerambycidae of North America. Part IV. Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Cerambycionae, tribes Elaphidionini through Rhinotragini. University of California Publications in Entomology 21: 1-165.
  • Linsley, E. G. 1964. The Cerambycidae of North America. Part V. Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Cerambycinae, tribes Callichromini through Ancylocerini. University of California Publications in Entomology 22: 1-197.
  • Linsley, E. G., and J. A. Chemsak. 1972. Cerambycidae of North America. Part VI, No. 1. Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Lepturinae. University of California Publications in Entomology 69: 1-138.
  • Linsley, E. G., and J. A. Chemsak. 1976. Cerambycidae of North America. Part VI, No. 2. Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Lepturinae. University of California Publications in Entomology 80: 1-186.
  • Linsley, E. G., and J. A. Chemsak. 1984. The Cerambycidae of North America. Part VII, No. 1. Taxonomy and classification of the subfamily Lamiinae, tribes Parmenini through Acanthoderini. University of California Publications in Entomology 102: 1-258.
  • Linsley, E. G., and J. A. Chemsak. 1995. The Cerambycidae of North America. Part VII, No. 2. Tax- onomy and classification of the subfamily Lamiinae, tribes Acanthocinini through Hemilophini. University of California Publications in Entomology 114: 1-292.
  • Linsley, E. G., and J. A. Chemsak. 1997. The Cerambycidae of North America. Part VIII. Bibliography, index and host plant index. University of California Publications in Entomology 117: 1-534.
  • MacGillivray, A., and C. O. Houghton. 1902. A list of insects taken in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, I. Entomological News: 13: 247-253.
  • MacRae, T. C. 2006. Distributional and biological notes on North American Buprestidae (Coleoptera), with comments on variation in Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) cyanella Gory and A. (H.) viridifrons Gory. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 82: 166-199.
  • Madden D. [No Date]. Geospatial Dataset-1047498. Overstory Vegetation at Great Smoky Moun- tains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina. The Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science, University of Georgia. http://nrinfo.nps.gov/Reference.mvc/Profile?Code=1047498 [accessed online 25 August 2011]
  • Madden D. [No Date]. Geospatial Dataset-1047499. Understory Vegetation at Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina. The Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science, University of Georgia. http://nrinfo.nps.gov/Reference.mvc/Profile?Code=1047499 [accessed online 25 August 2011]
  • Madden, M., R. Welch, T. Jordan, P. Jackson, R. Seavey, and J. Seavey (CMRS, Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA). 2004. Digital vegetation maps for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Final report 15 Jul 2004. Gatlinburg, TN: U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Cooperative Agreement No. 1443-CA-5460-98-019: 1-44.
  • Majka, C. G. 2007a. The Derodontidae, Dermestidae, Bostrichidae, and Anobiidae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada (Coleoptera: Bostrichiformia). Zootaxa 1573: 1-38.
  • Majka, C. G. 2007b. The Eucnemidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: new records, observations on composition and zoogeography, and comments on the rarity of saproxylic beetles. Zootaxa 1636: 33-46.
  • Majka, C. G., P. Bouchard, and Y. Bousquet. 2008. Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 140: 690-713.
  • Majka, C. G., D. S. Chandler, and C. P. Donahue. 2011. Checklist of the beetles of Maine, USA. Empty Mirrors Press; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 328 p.
  • Majka, C. G., C. Johnson, and D. W. Langor. 2010. Contributions towards an understanding of the Atomariinae (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae) of Atlantic Canada. ZooKeys 35: 37-63.
  • Majka, C. G., and P. J. Johnson. 2008. The Elateridae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: faunal composition, new records, and taxonomic changes. Zootaxa 1811: 1-33.
  • Majka, C. G., and D. Langor. 2010. Contributions towards an understanding of the Cryptophaginae (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidae) of Atlantic Canada. ZooKeys 35: 13-35.
  • Majka, C. G., and D. A. Pollock. 2006. Understanding saproxylic beetles: new records of Tetratomi- dae, Melandryidae, Synchroida, and Scraptiidae from Maritime Provinces of Canada (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Zootaxa 1248: 45-68.
  • Martikainen, P., and L. Kaila. 2004. Sampling saproxylic beetles: lessons from a 10-year monitoring study. Biological Conservation 120: 171-181.
  • Martikainen, P., J. Siitonen, P. Punttila, L. Kaila, and J. Rauh. 2000. Species richness of Coleoptera in mature managed and old-growth boreal forests in southern Finland. Biological Conservation 94: 199-209.
  • Maser, C., R. G. Anderson, K. Cromack Jr., J. T. Williams, and R. E. Martin. 1979. Dead and down woody material. p. 78-95. In: Wildlife habitats in managed forests-the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 553: 1-512.
  • Maser, C., R. F. Tarrant, J. M. Trappe, and J. F. Franklin (technical eds.). 1998. From the forest to the sea: a story of fallen trees. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-229: 1-153.
  • Maser, C., and J. M. Trappe (technical eds.). 1984. The seen and unseen world of the fallen tree. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. General Tech- nical Report PNW-GTR-164: 1-56.
  • McMinn, J. W., and D. A. Crossley. 1996. Biodiversity and coarse woody debris in southern forests. Proceedings of the workshop on coarse woody debris in southern forests: effects on biodiversity. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. General Technical Report SE-94: 1-146.
  • McMinn, J. W., and R. A. Hardt. 1996. Accumuliatons of coarse woody debris in southern forests. p. 1-9. In: J. W. McMinn, and D. A. Crossley. Biodiversity and coarse woody debris in southern forests. Proceedings of the workshop on coarse woody debris in southern forests: effects on biodiversity. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. General Technical Report SE-94: 1-146.
  • Mecke, R., M. H. M. Galileo, and W. Engels. 2001. New records of insects associated with Araucaria trees: phytophagous Coleoptera and Hymenoptera and their natural enemies. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 36: 113-124.
  • Michaels, K., and G. Bornemissza. 1999. Effects of clearfell harvesting on lucanid beetles (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) in wet and dry sclerophyll forests in Tasmania. Journal of Insect Conservation 3: 85-95.
  • Miller, K. B., and Q. D. Wheeler. 2005. Slime-mold beetles of the genus Agathidium Panzer in North and Central America: Coleoptera, Leiodidae. Part 2. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 291: 1-167.
  • Moore, I. 1958. The North American species of Hesperus Fauvel, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera; Staphylinidae). Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 12: 311-318.
  • Muller, J., R. F. Noss, H. Bussler, and R. Brandl. 2010. Learning from a "benign neglect strategy" in a national park: response of saproxylic beetles to dead wood accumulation. Biological Conserva- tion 143: 2559-2569.
  • Muona, J. 2000. A revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica 212: 1-106.
  • National Park Service, Geologic Resources Inventory Program. 2006. Digital geologic map of Great Smoky Mountains National Park and vicinity, Tennessee and North Carolina (NPS, GRD, GRE, GRSM). NPS Geologic Resources Inventory Program. Lakewood, CO. Geospatial Data- set-1041729. http://nrinfo.nps.gov/Reference.mvc/Profile?Code=1041729 [accessed online 25 August 2011]
  • National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2007. Vegetation disturbance history at Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina. National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Resource Management and Science. Geospatial Dataset-1045868. http://nrinfo.nps.gov/Reference.mvc/Profile?Code=1045868 [accessed online 25 August 2011]
  • National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park. 2009. Polygon feature class of Frank Miller's detailed 1938 forest types map at Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennes- see and North Carolina. National Park Service, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Resource Management and Science. Geospatial Dataset-1048239. https://nrinfo.nps.gov/Reference.mvc/ Profile?Code=1048239 [accessed online 25 August 2011]
  • Nelson. G. H. 1975. A revision of the genus Dicerca in North America (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). En- tomologische Abreiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 26: 87-180.
  • Nelson, G. H., G. C. Walters Jr., R. D. Haines, and C. L. Bellamy. 2008. A catalog and bibliography of the Buprestoidea of America north of Mexico. The Coleopterists Society, Special Publication No. 4: iv + 274 p.
  • Nelson, R. E. 1991. First records of Perigona pallipennis (LeC.) and Perigona nigriceps (Dej.) (Cole- optera: Carabidae: Perigonini) from Maine: easternmost records for the genus in North America. The Coleopterists Bulletin 45: 284-285.
  • Newton, A. F., Jr. 1984. Mycophagy in Staphylinodea (Coleoptera). p. 302-353. In: Q. Wheeler, and M. Blackwell (eds.). Fungus-insect relationships: perspectives in ecology and evolution. Columbia University Press, NY. 514 p.
  • Newton, A. F., Jr., M. K. Thayer, J. S. Ashe, and D. S. Chandler. 2001. 22. Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. p. 272-418. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). American beetles, Volume 1. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. ix + 443 p.
  • Nieto, A., and K. N. A. Alexander. 2010. European Red List of saproxylic beetles. Publications Office of the European Union; Luxembourg. 45 p.
  • Norden, B., M. Ryberg, F. Gotmark, and B. Olausson. 2004. Relative importance of coarse and fine woody debris for the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in temperate broadleaf forests. Biological Conservation 117: 1-10.
  • Notman, H. 1920. Staphylinidae from Florida in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, with descriptions of new genera and species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 42: 693-732.
  • O'Keefe, S. T. 2001. 20. Scydmaenidae Leach, 1815. p. 259-267. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., and M. C. Thomas (eds.). American beetles, Volume 1. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. ix + 443 p.
  • Okland, B., A. Bakke, S. Hagvar, and T. Kvamme. 1996. What factors influence the diversity of saproxylic beetles? A multiscaled study from a spruce forest in southern Norway. Biodiversity and Conservation 5: 75-100.
  • Pace, R. 1989. Monografia del genere Leptusa Kraatz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona (II Serie), Sezione Scienze della vita (A: Biologica) 8: 1-307.
  • Packard, A. S. 1890. Insects injurious to forest and shade trees. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Entomological Commission Report 5: 1-955.
  • Paquin, P., and N. Duperre. 2001. Beetles of the boreal forest: a faunistic survey carried out in western Quebec. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 132: 57-98.
  • Park, J.- -S., C. E. Carlton, and M. L. Ferro. 2010. Diversity and taxonomic review of Leptusa Kraatz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A., with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa 2662: 1-27.
  • Park, O. 1932a. The myrmecocoles of Lasius umbratus mixtus aphidicola Walsh. Annals of the Ento- mological Society of America 25: 77-88.
  • Park, O. 1932b. The food of Batrisodes globosus (LeC.) (Coleop.: Pselaphidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 40: 377-378.
  • Park, O. 1935. Further records of beetles associated with ants (Colep., Hymen.). Entomological News 46: 212-215.
  • Park, O. 1947. Observations on Batrisodes (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae), with particular reference to the American species east of the Rocky Mountains. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 8: 45-132.
  • Park, O. 1948. Checklist of the genus Batrisodes (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae). Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 8: 137-169.
  • Park, O. 1949. New species of Nearctic pselaphid beetles and a revision of the genus Cedius. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 8: 315-343, pls. 1-8.
  • Park, O. 1964. Observations upon the behavior of myrmecophilous pselaphid beetles. Pedobiologia 4: 129-137.
  • Parsons, G. L., G. Cassis, A. R. Moldenke, J. D. Lattin, N. A. Anderson, J. C. Miller, P. Hammond, and T. D. Schowalter. 1991. Invertebrates of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, western Cascade Range, Oregon. V: an annotated list of insects and other arthropods. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-290: 1-168.
  • Payne, N. M. 1931. Food requirements for the pupation of two coleopterous larvae, Synchroa punctata Newm. and Dendroides canadensis Lec. (Melandryidae, Pyrochroidae). Entomological News 42: 13-15.
  • Peck, S. B., and M. C. Thomas. 1998. A distributional checklist of the beetles (Coleoptera) of Florida. Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas 16: viii + 180.
  • Peterson, A. 1960. Larvae of insects: an introduction to Nearctic species. Part II. Coleoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Siphonaptera, Mecoptera, Trichoptera. Edwards Brothers; Ann Arbor, MI. 416 p.
  • Petroski, H. 1989. The pencil: a history of design and circumstance. Knopf; New York. 448 p.
  • Pollock, D. A. 2002a. 100. Melandryidae Leach 1815. p. 417-422. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Pollock, D. A. 2002b. 116. Salpingidae Leach 1815. p. 544-548. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Pyle, C., and M. M. Brown. 1999. Heterogeneity of wood decay classes within hardwood logs. Forest Ecology and Management 114: 253-259.
  • R Development Core Team. 2010. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/fullrefman.pdf (accessed online 18 July 2010).
  • Rabaglia, R. J. 2003. Annotated list of the bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of Maryland, with new distributional records. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105: 373-379.
  • Ramberg, F. B. 1979. A revision of the species of the genus Ampedus (Coleoptera, Elateridae) of America north of Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation. Cornell University; Ithaca, New York. 842 p.
  • B. Gjurasin, O. Hanssen, H. Huijbregts, F. Lakatos, O. Martin, Z. Neculiseanu, N. B. Nikitsky, W. Paill, A. Pirnat, V. Rizun, A. Ruicanescu, J. Stegner, I. Suda, P. Szwalko, V. Tamutis, D. Telnov, V. Tsinkevich, V. Versteirt, V. Vignon, M. Vogeli, and P. Zach. 2005. Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) in Europe. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 28: 1-44.
  • Rotheray, G. E., and I. MacGowan. 2000. Status and breeding sites of three presumed endangered Scottish saproxylic syrphids (Diptera, Syrphidae). Journal of Insect Conservation 4: 215-223.
  • Savely, H. E., Jr. 1939. Ecological relations of certain animals in dead pine and oak logs. Ecological Monographs 9: 321-385.
  • Schiegg, K. 2001. Saproxylic insect diversity of beech: limbs are richer than trunks. Forest Ecology and Management 149: 295-304.
  • Schlaghamersky, J. 2000. The saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) and ants (Formicidae) of central European hardwood floodplain forests. Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia 103: 1-168, +36 (appendices).
  • Schroeder, L. M., E. Sahlin, and H. Paltto. 2011. Retention of aspen (Populus tremulae) at final cuttings-the effect of dead wood characteristics on dead wood beetles. Forest Ecology and Man- agement 262: 853-862.
  • Seevers, C. H. 1978. A generic and tribal revision of the North American Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fieldiana: Zoology 71: i-vi, 1-275.
  • Sen Gupta, T., and R. A. Crowson. 1973. A review of the classification of Cerylonidae (Coleoptera, Clavicornia). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 124: 365-446.
  • Shelford, V. 1913. Animal communities in temperate America as illustrated by the Chicago region. University of Chicago Press; Chicago, Illinois. 326 p.
  • Shockley, F. W., K. W. Tomaszewska, and J. V. McHugh. 2009. An annotated checklist of the handsome fungus beetles of the world (Coloptera: Cucujoidea: Endomychidae). Zootaxa 1999: 1-113.
  • Siitonen, J. 2001. Forest management, coarse woody debris and saproxylic organisms: Fennoscandian boreal forests as an example. Ecological Bulletins 49: 11-41.
  • Siitonen, J., R. Pettila, and H. Kotiranta. 2001. Coarse woody debris, polyporous fungi and saprox- ylic insects in an old-growth spruce forest in Vodlozero National Park, Russian Karelia. Ecological Bulletins 49: 231-242.
  • Siitonen, J., and L. Saaristo. 2000. Habitat requirements and conservation of Pytho kolwensis, a beetle species of old growth boreal forest. Biological Conservation 94: 211-220.
  • Sleeper, E. L. 1955. A synopsis of the genus Cophes in the United States and Mexico (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Ohio Journal of Science 55: 188-191.
  • Smetana, A. 1995. Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny, and taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology, Inter- national 3: i-x, 1-946.
  • Sokolov, I. M. 2011. Five new species of Anillinus Casey from the southern Appalachian Mountains and the Piedmont Plateau of the eastern U.S.A. (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini). Insecta Mundi 0164: 1-14.
  • Sokolov, I. M., and C. E. Carlton. 2008. Two new species of blind, forest litter-inhabiting ground beetles from the subtribe Anillina (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from eastern U.S.A. Zootaxa 1740: 37-44.
  • Sokolov, I. M., and C. E. Carlton. 2010. New species of Anillinus Casey (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from the southern Appalachians and phylogeography of the A. loweae species group. Zootaxa 2502: 1-23.
  • Sokolov, I. M., C. E. Carlton, and J. F. Cornell. 2004. Review of Anillinus with descriptions of 17 new species and a key to soil and litter species (Coleoptera: Trechinae: Bembidiini). The Coleopter- ists Bulletin 58: 185-233.
  • Sokolov, I. M., Y. Y. Sokolova, and C. E. Carlton. 2007. New species of Anillinus Casey (Carabidae: Trechinae: Bembidiini) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A. and phylogeography of the A. langdoni species group. Zootaxa 1542: 1-20.
  • Southwood, T. R. E. 1978. Ecological methods with particular reference to the study of insect populations. Second Edition. University Printing House; Cambridge. xxiii + 524 p.
  • Speight, M. C. D. 1989. Saproxylic invertebrates and their conservation. Nature and Environment Series, Strasbourg, No. 42: 1-82.
  • Steiner, W. E., Jr. 2008. A checklist of the darkling beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Maryland, with notes on the species recorded from Plummers Island through the 20th century. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 15: 133-140.
  • Stephenson, S. L, L. A. Urban, C. Rojas, and M. S. McDonald. 2008. Myxomycetes associated with woody twigs. Revista Mexicana de Micologia 27: 21-28.
  • Strohecker, H. F. 1986. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family: Endomychi- dae. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook no. 529-98: 1-58.
  • Sverdrup-Thygeson, A., O. Skarpaas, and F. Odegaard. 2010. Hollow oaks and beetle conservation: the significance of the surroundings. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 837-852.
  • Tavakilian, G., A. Berkov, B. Meurer-Grimes, and S. Mori. 1997. Neotropical tree species and their faunas of xylophagous longicorns (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in French Guiana. The Botani- cal Review 63: 303-355.
  • Thayer, M. K., and J. F. Lawrence. 2002. 98. Ciidae Leach in Samouelle 1891. p. 403-412. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Thomas, J. W. 2002. Dead wood: from forester's bane to environmental boon. p. 3-9. In: W. F. Laudenslayer Jr., P. J. Shea, B. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, T. E. Lisle (technical coordina- tors). Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. 1999 November 2-4; Reno, NV. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181: 1-949.
  • Thoreau, H. D. 1988. The Maine Woods. Penguin Books, New York. 464 p.
  • Tishechkin, A. K. 2007. A new species of Ptomaphagus (Appadelopsis) (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A. Zootaxa 1478: 61-64.
  • Touroult, J. 2004. Les longicornes associes aux rameaux coupes par Oncideres amputator en Guadeloupe (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Le Coleopteriste 7: 129-134.
  • Touroult, J., P-H. Dalens, S. Brule, and E. Poirier. 2010. Inventaire des longicornes: analyse de l'efficacite des techniques de collecte en Guyane. Supplement au Bulletin de liaison d'ACOREP- France "Le Coleopteriste" 1: 15-33.
  • Townsend, C. H. T. 1886. Coleoptera found in dead trunks of Tilia americana L, in October. The Canadian Entomologist 18: 65-68.
  • Triplehorn, C. A., and T. J. Spilman. 1973. A review of Strongylium of America north of Mexico, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 99: 1-27.
  • Turnbow, R. H., and M. C. Thomas. 2002. 120. Cerambycidae Leach 1815. p. 568-691. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.
  • Ulke, H. 1903. A list of beetles of the District of Columbia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 25: 1-57.
  • Ulyshen, M. D. 2011. Arthropod vertical stratification in temperate deciduous forests: implications for conservation oriented management. Forest Ecology and Management 261: 1479-1489.
  • Ulyshen, M. D., and J. L. Hanula. 2007. A comparison of the beetle (Coleoptera) fauna captured at two heights above the ground in a North American temperate deciduous forest. American Midland Naturalist 158: 260-278.
  • Ulyshen, M. D., and J. L. Hanula. 2009a. Habitat associations of saproxylic beetles in the south- eastern United States: a comparison of forest types, tree species and wood postures. Forest Ecology and Management 257: 653-664.
  • Ulyshen, M. D., and J. L. Hanula. 2009b. Responses of arthropods to large-scale manipulations of dead wood in loblolly pine stands of the southeastern United States. Community and Ecosystem Ecology 38: 1005-1012.
  • Ulyshen, M. D., and J. L. Hanula. 2010. Patterns of saproxylic beetle succession in loblolly pine. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 12: 187-194.
  • Ulyshen, M. D., J. L. Hanula, S. Horn, J. C. Kilgo, and C. E. Moorman. 2004. Spatial and temporal patterns of beetles associated with coarse woody debris in managed bottomland hardwood forests. Forest Ecology and Management 199: 259-272.
  • Ulyshen, M. D., S. Horn, B. Barnes, and K. J. K. Gandhi. 2010. Impacts of prescribed fire on sap- roxylic beetles in loblolly pine logs. Insect Conservation and Diversity 3: 247-251.
  • Ulyshen, M. D., T. M. Pucci, and J. L. Hanula. 2011. The importance of forest type, tree species and wood posture to saproxylic wasp (Hymenoptera) communities in the southeastern United States. Journal of Insect Conservation 15: 539-546.
  • Vaisanen, R., O. Bistrom, and K. Heliovaara. 1993. Sub-cortical Coleoptera in dead pines and spruces: is primeval species composition maintained in managed forests? Biodiversity and Conser- vation 2: 95-113.
  • Vandenberg, N. J., R. J. Rabaglia, and D. E. Bright. 2000. New records of two Xyleborus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102: 62-68.
  • Vanderwel, M. C., J. R. Malcolm, S. M. Smith, and N. Islam. 2006. Insect community composition and trophic guild structure in decaying logs of eastern Canadian pine-dominated forests. Forest Ecology and Management 225: 190-199.
  • Van Dyke, E. C. 1932. Miscellaneous studies in the Elateridae and related families of Coleoptera. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series 20: 291-465.
  • Van Lear, D. H. 1996. Dynamics of coarse woody debris in southern forest ecosystems. p. 10-17. In: J. W. McMinn, and D. A. Crossley. Biodiversity and coarse woody debris in southern forests. Proceed- ings of the workshop on coarse woody debris in southern forests: effects on biodiversity. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. General Technical Report SE-94: 1-146.
  • Vit, S. 1995. Deux especes nouvelles d'Eucinetidae d'Amerique du Nord particulierement interessantes (Coleoptera: Eucinetidae). Elytron 9: 125-137.
  • Wagner, J. A. 1975. Review of the genera Euplectus, Pycnoplectus, Leptoplectus, and Acolonia (Coleop- tera: Pselaphidae) including Nearctic species north of Mexico. Entomologica Americana 49: 125-207.
  • Waldrop, T. A. 1996. Dynamics of coarse woody debris-a simulation study of two southeastern forest ecosystems. p. 18-24. In: J. W. McMinn, and D. A. Crossley. Biodiversity and coarse woody debris in southern forests. Proceedings of the workshop on coarse woody debris in southern forests: effects on biodiversity. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. General Technical Report SE-94: 1-146.
  • Wallace, H. R. 1953. The ecology of the insect fauna of pine stumps. Journal of Animal Ecology 22: 154-171.
  • Warriner, M. D., T. E. Nebeker, T. D. Leininger, and J. S. Meadows. 2002. The effects of thinning on beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cerambycidae) in bottomland hardwood forests. p. 569-573. In: K. W. Outcalt (ed.). Proceedings of the eleventh biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Asheville, NC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. General Technical Report SRS-48: 1-622.
  • Webb, A., C. M. Buddle, P. Drapeau, and M. Saint-Germain. 2008. Use of remnant boreal forest habitats by saproxylic beetle assemblages in even-aged managed landscapes. Biodiversity and Conservation 141: 815-826.
  • Webster, C. R., and M. A. Jenkins. 2005. Coarse woody debris dynamics in the southern Appalachians as affected by topographic position and anthropogenic disturbance history. Forest Ecology and Management 217: 319-330.
  • Webster, R. P., J. Klimaszewski, G. Pelletier, and K. Savard. 2009. New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. I. Aleocharinae. Zookeys 22: 171-248.
  • Welch, R., M. Madden, and T. Jordan. 2002. Photogrammetric and GIS techniques for the develop- ment of vegetation databases of mountainous areas: Great Smoky Mountains National Park. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 57: 53-68.
  • Wenzel, R. L. 1960. Three new histerid beetles from the Pacific Northwest, with records and synony- mies of additional species (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Fieldiana, Zoology 39: 447-463.
  • Wermelinger, B., P. Duelli, and M. K. Obrist. 2002. Dynamics of saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) in windthrow areas in alpine spruce forests. Forest Snow and Landscape Research 77: 133-148.
  • Wheeler, Q. D., and K. B. Miller. 2005. Slime-mold beetles of the genus Agathidium Panzer in North and Central America: Coleoptera, Leiodidae. Part 1. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 290: 1-95.
  • White, R. E. 1962. The Anobiidae of Ohio (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey, new series 1: 1-58.
  • White, R. E. 1976. Eight new North American species of Anobiidae with keys and notes (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 78: 154-170.
  • White, R. E. 1982. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family: Anobiidae. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook no. 529-70: 1-58.
  • Whitehead, D. R. 1979. Notes on Apteromechus Faust of American north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Curcu- lionidae: Cryptorhynchinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 81: 230-233.
  • Wickham, H. F. 1901. Two new blind beetles of the genus Adranes, from the Pacific Coast. Canadian Entomologist 33: 25-28.
  • Wood, S. L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolyti- dae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 6: 1-1359.
  • Woodroffe, G. E., and C. W. Coombs. 1961. A revision of the North American Cryptophagus Herbst (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae). Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America 2: 179-211.
  • Work, T. T., and A. Hibbert. 2011. Estimating species loss of saproxylic insects under scenarios of reduced coarse woody material in eastern boreal forests. Ecosphere 2: article 41 [doi:10.1890/ ES10-00075.1] 1-11.
  • Wu, J., X-D. Yu, and H-Z. Zhou. 2008. The saproxylic beetle assemblage associated with different host trees in southwest China. Insect Science 15: 251-261.
  • Yanega, D. 1996. Field guide to northeastern longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Illinois Natural History Survey, Manual 6: x + 174.
  • Yee, M., S. J. Grove, A. MM. Richardson, and C. L. Mohammed. 2006. Brown rot in inner heartwood: why large logs support characteristic saproxylic beetle assemblages of conservation concern. p. 42-56. In: S. J. Grove, and J. L. Hanula (eds.). Insect biodiversity and deadwood: proceedings of a symposium for the 22nd International Congress of Entomology. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. General Technical Report SRS-93: 1-109.
  • Young, D. K. 1975. A revision of the family Pyrochroidae (Coleoptera: Heteromera) for North America based on larvae, pupae, and adults. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 11: 1-39.
  • Young, D. K. 1983. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family: Pyrochroidae. United States Department of Agriculture Handbook no. 529-120: 1-8.
  • Young, D. K. 2002. 115. Pyrochroidae Latreille 1807. p. 540-543. In: R. H. Arnett, Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank. (eds.). American beetles. Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. xiv + 861 p.