Paranota rugosa

Paranota rugosa (Wagner, 1881) revised status and new combination

(Figs. 57–68, 100)

Batonota rugosa Wagener 1881: 41 (type locality: ‘Domingo’).

Diagnosis. This species may be distinguished from other members of the genus by the dorsal ground color ranging from brownish red to dark red, elytra with the anterior angle strongly expanded laterally and the anterior half of the lateral margin sinuous, and the disc with coarse punctation creating a rugose aspect.

Redescription. Body (Figs. 57–60) dark red dorsally and yellowish brown or reddish brown ventrally, apex of antennomeres VI–XI yellow, prosternal process, mesosternum, anterior margin of metasternum, and metepimeron black. Head: Interocular distance as wide as widest width of eye, surrounded by long, dense setae. Vertex densely punctate and with dense, short setae; coronal suture deep, glabrous, extending to epistomal suture. Frontoclypeus swollen with discernible and incomplete epistomal suture, with deep, sparse punctures. Interantennal distance ca. 1/3 width of antennal sockets. Antennae with length ratio of segments 100: 33: 37: 33: 44: 93: 93: 81: 89: 74: 107. Thorax: Prosternal process ca.1.5 times longer than wide; apex obtuse and expanded laterally, 1.5 times wider than medial region; mesosternal process notched medially, 4 times shorter than prosternal process, with truncate posterior angle. Mesepimeron with exposed portion rectangular. Metasternum 3.6 times wider than long, smooth and glabrous, 3.5 times longer than mesosternal process, with posterior angle elevated to fit the hind legs and medial longitudinal groove well-marked. Metepimeron with long, dense, decumbent setae. Elytra with dense, coarse punctation; anterior angle obtuse, reflexed, reaching largest width of pronotum; ridge thin well-marked and extending to anterolateral angle, followed by deep depression posteriorly. Disc edge well-marked, with 3 longitudinal keels and deep punctures. Lateral margins sinuous, ca. 1/5 width of disc, with reflexed edge; apical margin subacuminate. Disc with vertical spine perpendicular to body at anterior third next to suture, flattened and ridged antero-posteriorly and narrow in lateral view, ca. 1.2 times shorter than body height. In ventral view, epipleural ridge well-developed with sharp, sinuous projection at anterior third. Tarsomeres I–III bilobed; tarsomere II 1.4 times longer than I; III 2 times longer than II and 1.2 times longer than IV. External claw 1.4 times longer than internal claw. Abdomen: Sternites I–IV with short, sparse setae medially; V with long, dense, erect setae on posterior margin; I ca. twice length of II; II–IV subequal in size, ca. 1.5 shorter than II; V slightly longer than IV, with flat posterior margin. Male terminalia (Figs. 62–64): Same as described for P. ensifera (Fig. 39), except for tegmen (Fig. 63–64) with manubrium 1.7 longer than arms and ejaculatory duct long, uncoiled. Female terminalia (Figs. 65–68): Same as described for P. ensifera (Figs. 43–46), except for sternite IX (Figs. 66) with sclerose region between the 2 plates; tergite X (Figs. 68) with sclerosed plates with sinuous anterior margin and posterior margin rounded and expanded.

Measurements. Three males / eight females: total length: 10.3–10.5 / 11.3–11.7; greatest elytral width: 9.1–9.5 / 9.9–10.1; pronotal length: 3.0 / 2.5–3.1; greatest pronotal width: 5.5–5.6 / 5.5–5.7; elytral length/ width: 0.80–0.83 / 0.81–0.94; pronotal length / greatest pronotal width: 0.5 / 0.4–0.6.

Remarks. Wagener (1881) described Batonota rugosa, which was characterized mainly by the sculpture of the pronotum and elytra, with the pronotum strongly punctuated and the elytra with three longitudinal keels of different lengths, two departing from the anterior margin and one from the humeral angle, the most internal extending to the anterior third, and external extending to the median region, all with dense, coarse and irregular punctation, and shiny wrinkles in between.

Spaeth (1914) cited B. rugosa in his list of Chrysomelidae species, and Maulik (1916) created a key to the species of Batonota, following Wagener`s (1881) table, where he considered B. rugosa and B. ensifera as two different species. Later, Spaeth (1923) synonymized B. rugosa with B. ensifera, not offering justification or characters that would support the taxonomic change. From then on, all later literature considered B. rugosa as a synonym of B. ensifera. Herein, the status of B. rugosa is resurrected from synonymy with P. ensifera and transferred to Paranota. For more comments, see P. ensifera.

Geographical Distribution. Recorded from Argentina (Misiones), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Brazil (Mato Grosso, São Paulo), and Paraguay (Distrito Capital, Itapúa) (Borowiec and Świętojańska 2014) (Fig. 100).

Type Material. H o l o t y p e (F i g s. 5 9– 6 0): Domingo \ Reich // Typus // rugosa \ coll. Wagener \ typus // Manchester Museum \ syntype // ensifer \ Spaeth det. // F2010.2669 (MMUE).

Other Material Examined (23). ARGENTINA: Misiones: Loreto, X.1954, A. Maller lgt. (1 male, MNRJ); San Ignacio, I–IV.1910, E. R. Wagner lgt. (1 specimen, MNHN); 1910, E. R. Wagener lgt. (1 specimen, MNHN); BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Buena Vista, J. Steinbach lgt. (1 specimen, DBET); 1952, 400m, Campos Seabra lgt. (1 male, MNRJ); BRAZIL: “BRAZILIA”: Jul. Moser Coll. (1 specimen, DBET); Mato Grosso: Cáceres, 10.XI.1984, C. Elias lgt. (1 female, DZUP); XI.1987, O. Roppa & P. Magno lgt. (1 female, MNRJ); Corumbá, VII.1979, B. Silva lgt. (1 female, MNRJ); São Paulo: Indiana (1 male, DZUP); São Paulo, XII.1932, F. Campos (1 female, MNRJ); PARAGUAY: (1 specimen, DBET); Distrito Capital: Asunción, 1915, E. Gounelle lgt. (7 specimens, MNHN); Itapúa: 1972, Pe. J. S. Moure lgt. (1 female, DZUP); Colonia Herrera Vega, XII.1954, A. Maller lgt. (3 females, MNRJ).