Scybalocanthon moniliatus

Scybalocanthon moniliatus (Bates, 1887)

(Figs. 1 Q–R, 3G–H, 4P, 5O, 6B)

Canthon moniliatus Bates, 1887: 27, tab. II, fig. 3 (original description and remarks); Gillet 1911: 31 (checklist); Schmidt 1922: 65, 77 (distribution); Balthasar 1939: 191 (identification key); Howden & Young 1981: 21, 22 (identification key, redescription); Solís & Kohlmann 2002: 4. 36 (identification key, redescription); Krajcik 2006: 29 (catalog); Krajcik 2012: 64 (catalog).

Canthon moniliatum: Blackwelder 1944: 200 (checklist).

Scybalocanthon moniliatus: Martínez 1948: 6 (catalog, distribution); Martínez 1949: 189 (identification key); Pereira & Martínez 1956: 114, 115 (catalog and identification key); Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 638 (catalog); Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 554 (distribution, identification key); Halffter & Martínez 1977: 68 (checklist); Medina et al. 2003: 65 (distribution); Ratcliffe et al. 2015: 195 (cited for Peru); Chamorro et al. 2018: 98 (cited for Ecuador); Chamorro et al. 2019: 231, 232 (catalog of dung beetles species from Ecuador).

Diagnosis. Specimens of S. moniliatus are readily distinguishable from all other species by the body with metallic sheen; pronotum with two black spots along midline (anterior spot irregular in shape with three angular projection posteriorly; posterior spot quadrate in shape with three small angular projection anteriorly). In some individuals, anterior spot absent or reduced (Figs. 1 Q–R); and femora bicolored. Besides, males present aedeagus with parameres elongate, subrectangular, not excavated ventrally (Fig. 4P); and endophallus lacking bristles or microbristles close to the FLP sclerite (Fig. 5O).

Description. Body. Oval, lateral edges rounded. Variable metallic sheen. Surface completely microgranulate, with small and dense punctures randomly distributed. Color. Most of pronotum, lateral portion of hypomera, lateral portion of abdominal ventrites, and middle of femora yellow. Head, spots of pronotum, elytra, internal portion of hypomera, prosternum, mesoventrite, mesoepisternae, metaepisternae, metaventrite, central portion of abdominal ventrites, proximal and distal portions of femora, and tibiae brown or black. Length. 6.2–7.1 mm. Thorax. pronotum with two black spots along midline (anterior spot irregular in shape with three angular projection posteriorly; posterior spot quadrate in shape with three small angular projection anteriorly). In some individuals, anterior spot absent or reduced (Figs. 1 Q–R). Anterior angles of pronotum acute (approximately 70°). Lateral margin irregularly curved outward, forming an obtuse angle at the middle portion. Elytra. Striae thin and impressed, punctures conspicuous. Eighth stria effaced at the basal third, lacking carina at the anterior portion. Aedeagus. Parameres symmetrical, with subrectangular shape, apex pointed and obliquely truncate (Fig. 4P). Dorsal and ventral margins of parameres substraight. Ventral margin with a short denticle at the basal portion. SRP circular, with substraight handle-shaped extension (Fig. 5O). FLP I-shaped (Fig. 5O). A+SA with two superposed and elongate sclerites (Fig. 5O). AS I-shaped (Fig. 5O).

Type material. Canthon moniliatus Bates, lectotype ♀ (here designated; BMNH): “Bugaba / Panama / Champion.” // “ Canthon / moniliatus / Bates // “B. C. A. / 27. 5.” // “Sp. figured.” // “Type” // “ LECTOTYPE / Canthon / moniliatus / bates / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ”. Paralectotype (BMNH): “ Nicaragua ” // “ Granada ” // “ Canthon / moniliatus / Bates Val ” // “ Canthon / cyanocephalus / Harold / afand Sallé ” // “ Canthon / cyanocepha / lus / Harold ” // “ Sallé Coll ” // “684” // “Type” // “ Type ” // “ PARALECTOTYPE / Canthon ♀? / moniliatus / bates / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ”. Paralectotypes [2 unsexed specimens] (BMNH): “Bugaba, / Panama. / Champion.” // “ Canthon / moniliatus / Bates ” // “B. C. A., 27. 5.” // “Co- / type” // “ LECTOTYPE / Canthon / moniliatus / bates / des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello ”.

Non-type material [107 males, 111 females]: COSTA RICA: CARTAGO, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación Enseñanza [= CATIE], Turrialba, 600 m (9°53’28’’ N, 83°38’50’’W), 16–18.v.1979, H. & A. Howden, dung cup trap— 1♀ (CMNC); Cervantes (9°53’ N, 83°48’30’’W), v.1940, A. Bierig— 1♂ (CMNC); Turrialba (9°54’4’’ N, 83°41’4’’W), 23.viii.1966, S. Peck, polypore fungus— 1♂ (CMNC); Turrialba (9°54’4’’ N, 83°41’4’’W), 28.ii.1980, H. & A. Howden, dung cup trap— 1♂ (CMNC); GUANACASTE, Puerto Humo (10°18’48’’ N, 85°21’1’’W), 17.viii.1966, F. Fisk— 1♂ (CMNC); Tres Ríos, 6.viii.1966, F. Fisk— 1♂ (CMNC); HEREDIA, 10 km W Puerto Viejo, 170 m (10°26’ N, 84°7’W), 2–5.iii.1991, H. & A. Howden, flight interception trap— 11♂ 19♀ (CMNC); La Selva, 3 km S Puerto Viejo (10°26’ N, 84°1’W), 16.vii.1982, H.A. Hespenheide— 1♂ (CMNC); La Selva, 3 km S Puerto Viejo (10°26’ N, 84°1’W), 22.vi.1985, H.A. Hespenheide— 1♀ (CMNC); La Selva, 3 km S Puerto Viejo (10°26’ N, 84°1’W), 25.vi.1985, H.A. Hespenheide— 1♀ (CMNC); La Selva, near Puerto Viejo, 50 m (10°26’ N, 84°1’W), 19.ii.1980, H. & A. Howden, dung cup trap— 2♂ 1♀ (CMNC); LIMÓN, 4 km E Puerto Viejo, 10–30 m (9°38’36’’ N, 82°43’18’’W), 28–30.xi.1996, F. Génier & R. Barrett, cacao plantation, feces trap— 1♂ 3♀ (CMNC); Guápiles (10°12’ N, 83°46’W), xi.1934, A. Bierig— 1♂ (CMNC); Valle de la Estrella (9°44’ N, 82°58’W), 19.v.1983, G.V. Manley— 1♀ (CMNC); PUNTARENAS, Fundación Neotrópica, Península de Osa, 180 m (8°42’30’’ N, 83°31’30’’W), 23.vi.1997, R.S. Anderson, ridge forest, dung (1997-30)— 1♂ 5♀ (CMNC); Fundación Neotrópica, Península de Osa, 180 m (8°42’30’’ N, 83°31’30’’W), 23.vi.1997, R.S. Ander- son, ridge forest, dung (1997-31)— 3♂ 2♀ (CMNC); Fundación Neotrópica, Península de Osa, 180 m (8°42’30’’ N, 83°31’30’’W), 24.vi.1997, R.S. Anderson, ridge forest, dung (1997-32)— 1♂ 2♀ (CMNC); near Rincon (8°42’ N, 83°28’W), 6.iii.1967, H. Hespenheide— 1♀ (CMNC); Parque Nacional Corcovado, 150 m (10°2’ N, 85°34’W), 15–16.viii.1983, D.H. Lindeman, dung traps— 4♂ 4♀ (CMNC); Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio (9°23’24’’ N, 84°8’23’’W), 8–14.xii.1987, Génier & Bertrand, human feces— 18♂ 30♀ (CMNC, MZUFPA); Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio (84°8’9’’ W, 9°22’32’’N), 15.viii.1999, J.L. Moreno & T. Mestre— 1♂ (CEMT); Península de Osa, 9.viii.1966, S. Peck— 1♂ (CMNC); Rincón de Osa (8°41’37’’ N, 83°28’21’’W), 5–11.viii.1966, S. Peck, to fun- gus— 1♂ (CMNC); Rincón de Osa (8°41’37’’ N, 83°28’21’’W), 10–15.viii.1966, S. Peck, carrion trap— 2♂ 3♀ (CMNC); Rincón de Osa [site 2], 50 m (8°41.141’ N, 83°31.117’W), 22–26.vi.2001, S. & J. Peck, rainforest, flight interception trap (2001-13)— 2♂ 3♀ (CMNC); Rincón de Osa [site 3], 150 m (8°41.141’ N, 83°31.117’W), 22– 26.vi.2001, S. & J. Peck, rainforest, flight interception trap (2001-14)— 3♀ (CMNC); Parque Nacional Monteverde (84°49’0’’ W, 10°18’00’’N), 13.viii.1999, J.L. Moreno & T. Mestre— 2♂ (CEMT); Osa Peninsula, Parque Nacio- nal Corcovado, Sirema Biological Station (83°35’ W, 8°29’N), 14–17.vii.2009, 39 m, Mehrabi, Coals, Cowburn, & Yu— 1♂ (CEMT); Osa Peninsula, Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirema Biological Station (83°35’ W, 8°29’N), 14–17.vii.2009, 46 m, Mehrabi et al.— 1♀ (CEMT); Povones (83°07’ W, 8°24»N), viii.2009, 27 m, Mehrabi et al.— 1♂ 1♀ (CEMT). SAN JOSE, Cerro Nara (9°29’30’’ N, 84°0’30’’W), 11.ii.1972, S. Medina Gand— 1♂ (CMNC); Cerro Nara, 17 km N desembocadura Río Savegre (9°29’30’’ N, 84°0’30’’W), 28.i.1973, Wille & Fuentes— 1♂ 1♀ (CMNC). PANAMA: COCLÉ, 7.2 km NE El Copé, 730 m (8°41’ N, 80°34’W), 20.v–7.vi.1995, J. Ashe & R. Brooks, flight interception trap (1995-140)— 1♂ (CMNC); COLÓN, 14 km N junction Escobal Road & Piña Road, 20 m, 2–13.vi.1996, J. Ashe & R. Brooks, flight interception trap (1996-181)— 1♂ 1♀ (CMNC); km 6.1 on Pipeline Road (9°9’ N, 79°43’W), 27–29.v.1995, J.S. & A.K. Ashe, flight interception trap (1995-89)— 1♀ (CMNC); San Lorenzo, forest (79°58’ W, 9°17’N), v.2004, flight interception trap, A. Tishechkin— 2♂ 1♀ (CEMT). DARIÉN, Estación Ambiental Cana, 500 m (7°45.32’ N, 77°41.07’W), 4.vi.1996, R.S. Anderson, human dung trap (1996-104)— 1♀ (CMNC); Estación Ambiental Cana, 500 m (7°45.32’ N, 77°41.07’W), 7–10.vi.1996, R.S. Anderson, human dung trap (1996-117)— 1♀ (CMNC); Estación Ambiental Cana, 500 m (7°45.32’ N, 77°41.07’W), 7–10.vi.1996, R.S. An- derson, human dung trap (1996-116)— 1♂ (CMNC); Estación Ambiental Cana, 530 m (7°45.32’ N, 77°41.07’W), 10.vi.1996, R.S. Anderson, human dung trap (1996-119)— 1♂ 1♀ (CMNC); PANAMÁ, 6.1 km on Pipeline Road, near Gamboa, 40 m (9°8’6’’ N, 79°43’23’’W), 7–21.vi.1995, J. Ashe & R. Brooks, flight interception trap (1995- 265)— 2♂ (CMNC); Cerro Campana, 914 m (8°41’ N, 79°55’W), 30.vii.1970, H. & A. Howden, human feces— 2♂ 2♀ (CMNC); Cerro Campana, 914 m (8°41’ N, 79°55’W), 1.viii.1970, H. & A. Howden— 3♂ 6♀ (CMNC); Isla Barro Colorado (9°9’ N, 79°51’W), viii.1994, D. Banks, flight interception trap— 16♂ 9♀ (CMNC); Isla Barro Col- orado (9°9’ N, 79°51’W), v.1999, E. Wehncke, moist lowland tropical forest, monkey dung— 2♂ 1♀ (CMNC); Isla Barro Colorado (9°9’ N, 79°51’W), ii.1968, J.F. Lawrence— 1♂ (CMNC); Isla Barro Colorado (9°9’ N, 79°51’W), 24.vii.1966, S. Peck, carrion— 1♂ (CMNC); Isla Barro Colorado (9°9’ N, 79°51’W), 8–12.vi.1981, B. Gill— 3♂ 2♀ (CMNC); Isla Barro Colorado, Lago Gatún (9°9’ N, 79°51’W), 9–12.v.1981, B. Gill— 2♂ (CMNC); Madden Forest (9°6’ N, 79°37’W), 2.viii.1970, H. & A. Howden, human feces— 2♂ 1♀ (CMNC); Madden Forest (9°6’ N, 79°37’W), 14.xii.1971, H.P. Stockwell, manure trap— 1♂ (CMNC); Gatun W. Creek Trail, 30–31.xii.1986, pitfall human feces, J.R. MacDonald— 1♂ 1♀ (CEMT).

Distribution. Known from Costa Rica, Panama and Nicaragua (Fig. 6B). Endemism areas: Brazilian sub-re- gion: Pacific dominion: Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces; Mesoamerican dominion: Pacific Lowlands province (see Morrone 2014; fig. 12).