Cladonotinae Bolivar 1887

Identification key to Cladonotinae (Cladonotini, Xerophyllini) of India and Sri Lanka

1A In the frontal view middle part of the vertex is the highest part of the fastigium (Fig. 5A – B, Fig. 6E, Fig.7 D, H). Fastigial horns indistinct (exception H. portentosa: Fig. 7D, H).tribe Cladonotini Bolívar, 1887................................... 2

1B In the frontal view middle part of the vertex depressed and is the lowest part of the fastigium. Fastigial horns present and high (Fig. 1D, Fig. 2B, Fig. 8D, Fig. 9G, Fig. 10D, H) tribe Xerophyllini Günther, 1979................................ 10

2A Fore wings (tegmina) visible, hind wings (alae) absent.genus Yunnantettix Zheng, 1995,..................................................................................... Y. elytratus (Günther, 1939) [NE INDIA: West Bengal]

2B Wings (tegmina and alae) absent......................................................................... 3

3A Pronotum smooth and/or cristate (Fig. 5). Legs smooth. genus Deltonotus Hancock, 1904........................... 4

3B Pronotum and legs rough, covered in numerous granules or spines (Fig. 6, Fig. 7)................................... 5

4A Median carina of the pronotum highly crested, almost leaf-like. Anterior projection of pronotum covers vertex. Pronotal apex roundly acute. Fastigium projected before the eyes for 1/5th of a compound eye diameter. (Fig. 4, Fig. 5B, F, I)................................................ D. subcucullatus (Walker, 1871) [S INDIA: Western Ghats and SRI LANKA]

4B Median carina of the pronotum slightly elevated, but still low, not leaf-like in appearance. Pronotum not projected anteriorly or weakly projected. Pronotal apex bilobate. Fastigium in lateral view strongly projected before the eyes. (Fig. 4, Fig. 5 A, C – E, G – H)..................................... D. gibbiceps (Bolívar, 1902) [S INDIA: Western Ghats and SRI LANKA]

5A Pronotum with one high and sharp elevation (projection) on the dorsal surface, giving the grasshopper a twig-like appearance. genus Cladonotus Saussure, 1862........................................................................ 6

5B Pronotum with uneven surface, bearing a bump between the shoulders, but not with high and sharp projections......... … 9

6A Highest projection of the pronotum lower than 3mm.......................................................... 7

6B Highest projection of the pronotum higher than 4 mm........................................................ 8

7A Anterior pronotal margin weakly projected, covering small portion of vertex. Dorsal projection long, directed upwards and forwards, always the same width............. C. humbertianus (Saussure, 1862) [SRI LANKA: central and NE rainforests]

7B Anterior pronotal margin projected before the head in form of a long dentate spine, covering vertex. Promedial projection short, starting narrow and abruptly widening towards the tip..................................................................................... C. bhaskari Tumbrinck, Deranja, Adžić et Skejo, 2020 [SRI LANKA: Sinharaja rainforest]

8A Anterior pronotal margin projected above the head, and not covering the whole vertex. Promedial projection had widened tip and is directed upwards.................................. C. turrifer (Walker, 1871 [SRI LANKA: unknown locality]

8B Anterior pronotal margin projected before the head, covering the whole vertex. Promedial projection has a narrow tip and is directed forwards............................................. C. latiramus Hancock, 1904 [SRI LANKA: Kandy]

9A Lateral carinae weakly elevated. Smaller species, adult body length <9 mm.genus Gignotettix Hancock, 1909. (Fig. 6).............................................................. G. burri Hancock, 1909 [SRI LANKA: C rainforests]

9B Lateral carinae of the fastigium elevated in angular fashion. Larger species, adult body length> 9 mm.genus Hancockella Uvarov, 1940 (Fig. 7).......................................... H. portentosa (Kirby, 1914) [S INDIA: Western Ghats]

10A Tegmina minute and visible, alae reduced, partly covered by pronotum. genus Potua (doubtful assignment)...... P. sabulosa Hancock, 1915 [S INDIA: Western Ghats] (Fig. 8)

10B Tegmina absent and not visible. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig 9, Fig. 10). genus Tettilobus Hancock, 1909...................... 11

11A Lateral lobes truncated. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).................................................................................................. T. trishula Skejo, Bhaskar et Stermšek sp. n. [S INDIA: Western Ghats: Eravikulam NP]

11B Lateral lobes bearing spines. (Fig. 9A, D, Fig. 10B, E)....................................................... 12

12A Fastigial horns low. (Fig. 9G).................................. T. prashadi Günther, 1938 [S INDIA: Western Ghats]

12B Fastigial horns high. (Fig. 10D, H)......................................... T. pelops (Walker, 1871) [SRI LANKA]