Procryphalus Hopkins 1915
Creators
- 1. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611,
- 2. Department of Forest Protection Service, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady, Jíloviště, Praha 5, Zbraslav CZ- 15600, Czechia,
- 3. Texas Natural History Collections, Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712,
- 4. Department of Forest Protection, Wood Science and Game Management, Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S. M. Kirov, Institutskii per., 5, 194021 Saint-Petersburg, Russia,
- 5. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824,
- 6. Research Institute of Forest Insect Diversity, Namyangju 12113, South Korea,
- 7. University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, 5020 Bergen, and
Description
Procryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 33
(Fig. 31)
Type of genus
Procryphalus populi Hopkins, 1915.
Diagnosis
Distinguished from other Ernoporini and former Cryphalini by the rounded lateral margins of the pronotum, by the eye oval, sometimes weakly emarginated, with the top half wider than the lower half, and by the proventriculus with clusters of giant spines.
Female
Elongate in appearance, at least 2.7 times as long as wide. Frons convex, slightly elongate. Eye oval, sometimes weakly emarginated, with the top half wider than the lower half. Antennae with four funicle segments. Antennal club with one complete septum, and an additional straight suture. Pronotum with marginal asperities, sometimes anteriorly projected. Pronotum constricted and narrower than elytra. Lateral margin of pronotum rounded. All species mature black with pale scales. Proventriculus with large, sclerotized crop spines in clusters just anterior to the anterior plate.
Male
Externally similar to female. Penis apodemes much shorter than penis body, fused at apex. Tegmen open dorsally, and of a similar thickness to penis apodemes. A very small median tegminal apodeme is present. Spiculum gastrale thicker than penis apodemes, with a fork. Basal sclerites visible. Genitalia very similar to Hemicryphalus.
Distribution
Holarctic, with one additional species from tropical Southeast Asia (Thailand).
Remarks
Four species known. Externally very similar to some species of Eidophelus, distinguished only by the antennae, by the rounded lateral margin of the pronotum, and by the proventriculus which has clusters of large long spines compared to sclerotized contiguous short spines in Eidophelus. The recent transfer of Dryocoetiops petioli to Procryphalus (Beaver et al. 2019) is supported by several multi-gene phylogenies (Jordal and Cognato 2012, Pistone et al. 2018) and the similar aedeagus and proventriculus (short apical plate with clusters of long crop spines). Very similar and dubiously distinct from Hemicryphalus, but available molecular data did not support the morphological similarity.
Type material examined
Holotype Cryphalus mucronatus LeConte, 1879 (MCZ); ‘Cotype’ Ernoporus fraxini Berger, 1917 (NHMW).
Included species Procryphalus fraxini (Berger, 1917: 238) (Ernoporus). Procryphalus mucronatus (LeConte, 1879: 518) (Cryphalus).
= Procryphalus idahoensis Hopkins, 1915: 34 (syn: Wood, 1954).
= Procryphalus populi Hopkins, 1915: 34 (syn: Wood, 1954). Procryphalus petioli (Beaver, 1990: 281) (Dryocoetiops) Procryphalus utahensis Hopkins, 1915: 33.
= Procryphalus aceris Hopkins, 1915: 33 (syn: Wood, 1954).
= Procryphalus salicis Hopkins, 1915: 33 (syn: Wood, 1954).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- MCZ , NHMW
- Family
- Curculionidae
- Genus
- Procryphalus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Coleoptera
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Hopkins
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Type status
- holotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Procryphalus Hopkins, 1915 sec. Johnson, Hulcr, Knížek, Atkinson, Mandelshtam, Smith, Cognato, Park, Li & Jordal, 2020
References
- Hopkins, A. D. 1915. Classification of the Cryphalinae, with descriptions of new genera and species. United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 99. Government Printing Office, Washington, New Zealand. 75 pp, 4 pls.
- Beaver, R. A., S. M. Smith, and S. Sanguansub. 2019. A review of the genus Dryocoetiops Schedl, with new species, new synonymy and a key to species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa. 4712: 236 - 250.
- Jordal, B. H., and A. I. Cognato. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles reveals multiple origins of fungus farming during periods of global warming. BMC Evol. Biol. 12: 133.
- Pistone, D., J. Gohli, and B. H. Jordal. 2018. Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers. Syst. Entomol. 43: 387 - 406.
- LeConte, J. L. 1879. The Coleoptera of the Alpine Rocky Mountain Regions. Part II [Scolytidae, p. 518 - 520]. Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Territ. 5: 499 - 520.
- Berger, V. M. 1917. Koroedy Yuzhno-Ussuriiskago Kraya [Les Scolytiens de la province d'Oussourie du Sud]. Rev. Russe Entomol. 16: 226 - 248.
- Wood, S. L. 1954. A revision of North American Cryphalini (Scolytidae, Coleoptera). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 36: 959 - 1089.