Figure 11. A in Functional morphology of neck musculature in the Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda) as determined via a hierarchical inferential approach

Figure 11. A, origins (dark shapes) and insertions (lighter outlined shapes) of mm. intertransversarii aponeuroses on posterior cervical vertebrae of Struthio camelus. Origins are from anterior faces of lateral tubercles, and insertions are onto posterior projections of the lateral tubercles. Arrows represent lines of action whereby insertions are drawn towards the origins to effect intervertebral lateroflexion. B, origins (dark) and insertions (lighter) of mm. inclusii on posterior cervical vertebrae of Struthio camelus. Origins are from anterior faces of the costal processes, and insertions are onto the lateral and dorsolateral tubercles. Arrows represent lines of action whereby insertions are drawn towards the origins. C, origins (dark-filled shapes) and insertions (light-filled shapes) of lateral portions of mm. intertransversarii in Caiman crocodylus. Arrows represent lines of action from origin to insertion, by which the muscles would lateroflex the anterior vertebra of each pair relative to the posterior one.