КАЖИМОСТЬ В СТРУКТУРЕ ОБЫДЕННОГО VS. НАУЧНОГО ЗНАНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ КОГНИТИВНОЙ СЕМАНТИКИ ГЛАГОЛЬНЫХ ПРЕДИКАТОВ КАЗАТЬСЯ, ПОКАЗАТЬСЯ)

The native speakers’ empirical experience was conceptualized in the semantics of ordinary discourse contexts. This experience can be presented by the following meta-utterances. ‘The speaker knows that it is not possible to see an object being observed properly, i.e. the first impression of it could turn out to be ‘mistaken’. The speaker also knows that it is possible to re-verify the results of perception empirically. This allows them to form a more complete idea / knowledge about the object. Subsequently, the speaker reflects on his first visual impression based on the received idea / knowledge, evaluates it as ‘true’ or ‘false’  The scientific knowledge is conceptualized in the psychology discourse contexts: there are particular circumstances under which effect the visual images of objects in the real world are distorted and the recipient receives visual illusions and hallucinations. In the article a cognitive Gestalt script was formed. Based on it, all contexts with words казаться, показаться are built. Due to the dialectical combination of perceptual and epistemic modes, a single / unified Gestalt script consists of two parts. On the one hand, there is supposed to be a subject-experiencer as well as his perceptual act, the object he observes, the first, potentially erroneous / distorted image of the object. There should also be a potential opportunity to implement an act of reflexive verification of the first impression and establish the truth. On the other hand, there is supposed to be the subject as a bearer of knowledge, his knowledge of the distorted character of the subject-experiencer’s perception as well as his knowledge of the inconsistency between the subject-experiencer’s first impression and what exists in reality. In addition, there should be implicit / explicit awareness of the reasons that led to the distortion of the perception results. Attention focusing shifts, underlying constructions of various conceptualizations, were outlined in terms of ‘background – figure’, ‘focus’.