Caenophidia Hoffstetter 1939
Creators
Description
Parvorder CAENOPHIDIA Hoffstetter, 1939
Diagnosis. The vertebral synapomorphies of crown Caenophidia include well-developed prezygapophyseal accessory processes, synapophyses that are well-differentiated into para- and diapophyseal articular facets, the presence of pleurocentral hypapophyses throughout the precloacal vertebral column, the presence of one or more paracotylar foramina, a condyle and cotyle that are relatively small (compared to Constrictores) and circular to ovoid and elongate in cross section, and well-developed paralymphatic channels that define the lateral margins of a distinct hemel keel (Holman, 2000; Head et al., 2016).
Remarks. The vertebral morphologies of Caenophidians is markedly different from that of Booidea, including many of the most notable components of a snake vertebrae (e.g., neural spine, centrum, synapophyses, etc.). The works of Head (2015) and Head et al., (2016) to provide fossil calibration dates for snakes also summarize the morphological synapomorphies that differentiate these groups after the taxonomic restructuring of Caenophidia by Zaher et al. (2009), and Constrictores by Pyron et al. (2014), and Georgalis and Smith (2020).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Squamata
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Scientific name authorship
- Hoffstetter
- Taxon rank
- parvOrder
- Taxonomic concept label
- Caenophidia Hoffstetter, 1939 sec. Iii & Lawing, 2024
References
- Hoffstetter, R. 1939. Contribution a l'etude des Elapidae actuels et fossiles et de l'osteologie des ophidians. Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon, 15: 1 - 78.
- Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
- Head, J. J., Mahlow, K., and Muller, J. 2016. Fossil calibration dates for molecular phylogenetic analysis of snakes 2: Caenophidia, Colubroidea, Elapoidea, Colubridae. Palaeontologia Electronica, 19.2.2 FC: 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 625
- Head, J. J. 2015. Fossil calibration dates for molecular phylogenetic analysis of snakes 1: Serpentes, Alethinophidia, Boidae, Pythonidae. Palaeontologia Electronica, 18.1.6 FC: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 487
- Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F. G., Cadle, J. E., Murphy, R. W., Moura-Leite, J. C. D., and Bonatto, S. L. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo), 49: 115 - 153.
- Pyron, R. A., Reynolds, R. G., and Burbrink, F. T. 2014. A taxonomic revision of boas (Serpentes: Boidae). Zootaxa, 3846: 249 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.2.5
- Georgalis, G. and Smith, K. 2020. Constrictores Oppel, 1811 - the available name for the taxonomic group uniting boas and pythons. Vertebrate Zoology, 70: 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.26049 / VZ 70 - 3 - 2020 - 03