Harmful Effects of Plastics on Human Health and the Environment: A Review

Plastics play a ubiquitous role in our daily lives, and their absence would undoubtedly lead to a less diverse modern civilization. This research delves into the detrimental impacts of plastics on both human health and the environment, as well as the potential consequences of health risk assessment. Plastic, being an indispensable material for our modern society, often harbors risks to human well-being and the natural world. Within plastics lie numerous chemicals and toxic substances, such as Bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, antioxidants, brominated flame retardants, and polyfluorinated chemicals, all of which pose significant hazards to human health and the environment. Unfortunately, people often utilize plastic without recognizing its adverse effects on their own well-being and the surrounding ecosystem. The consequences of plastic usage encompass a wide range of health issues, including eye irritation, vision problems, breathing difficulties, liver dysfunction, cancer, skin diseases, lung problems, headaches, dizziness, birth defects, reproductive disorders, cardiovascular ailments, genotoxicity, and toxicity to the digestive system. Moreover, plastics contribute to severe environmental pollution, such as soil, water, and air contamination. Implementing appropriate regulations and guidelines for the production and utilization of plastics can mitigate their detrimental impacts on human health and the environment.