The implicit remedy to eradicate Culex Pipiens with eco-friendly bio-integrated lemongrass palladium metallic nanoparticles

The mosquitoes are responsible for the vector born diseases. The different species of mosquitoes spread various diseases all over the world. The mosquitoes are of different types depending on their habitat and occurrence. The familiar illnesses spread by mosquitoes include malaria, dengue, chikungunya, WNV, and yellow fever, and recently known for its involvement in spreading the zika virus. In the mosquito's body, harmful parasites and viruses survive; hence, they serve as a carrier or vector. These parasites get protected in the gut and liver of the host; they multiply and develop fully. After mosquito bites, the parasites or viruses are ready to span the host membrane o birds, animals, primates & human beings. During the bite, the proboscis of a female mosquito spans the host's skin and sucks the blood, resulting in the exchange of body fluid. It allows the entry of antigens into the host body and multiples rapidly in the next 48 hr. As a result, the immune response generated by the host is not efficient after a few days of infection, and the host starts to develop the symptoms of the respective disease. If the patient is not diagnosed earlier, it may be life-threatening to the individual. The Culex pipiens species of mosquito dwell near the household areas, most probably the human locality, and spread the disease like WNV, and yellow fever; such mosquito species can be controlled by bio blended metallic nanomaterials such as LgPd NPs (lemongrass palladium metallic nanoparticles) around 20 to 30 nm in size. Due to the nanosize of LgPd NPs, it accumulates in the developing larvae of culex spp. and during its 4th instar stage of metamorphosis, 95 % of larval death occurs. The 10 μg/mL concentration of LgPd NPs, sufficient to cause high mortality in Culex spp., were observed. Also, the cumulative effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogan citratus) (anti-microbial, anti-parasitic & anti-viral) and palladium as a carrier moiety suppresses the growth. It shows the zero tolerance towards Culex pipiens.