The effect of creative thinking in improving decision making

Article history: Received: December 12, 2020 Received in revised format: December 29 2020 Accepted: February 4, 2021 Available online: February 4, 2021 Vocational education is no longer just an education that prepares its graduates to work or become mediocre workers. Creative thinking skills are the basis of science that is very important for students. This research uses a quantitative approach and the population of this study included 106 Cadets of The School of Aviators in Indonesia. Sampling techniques taken were saturated sampling techniques and the samples were taken as many as 106 cadets. Data analysis techniques used were Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS help (Analysis of Moment Structures) program. The results of this study show that critical thinking has a significant effect on decision making. © 2021 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada


Introduction
Vocational education is no longer just an education that prepares graduates to work or become mediocre workers. The United States has oriented vocational education and vocational education as an education that is the level and type of career. If vocational education is the type and career level, vocational education will become the community's target, such as doctor education, military education, police education, and some ministry education in Indonesia. This is important for the continuity and guarantee of a person's life. Creative thinking skills are the basis of science that is very important for students. Optimization of high-level thinking skills is crucial because it is a life skill that needs to be developed. It is necessary to overcome complex problems and develop the era, especially in this 21st century (Fatmawati et al., 2019). Aboob et al. (2020) creative Thinking is one level of complex Thinking because creativity means that an individual can achieve something familiar from something unfamiliar and turn the familiar into something alien. Creative Thinking allows one to apply imagination to generate ideas, questions, hypotheses, and testing various alternatives, and evaluate them to become the final product (Kampylis & Berki, 2014). Creative Thinking is considered necessary because (IBE UNESCO 2013), we live in a world that needs a creative way of thinking to solve rapidly and complex problems. To minimize the possibility of humans being hit by problems that they cannot solve, people must understand and be skilled in making decisions to solve problems. One way to develop skills in making such decisions is to think creatively (Rohayuningsih & Handoyo, 2015).

Creative Thinking
Creative Thinking can be defined as a whole set of cognitive activities used by individuals by an object, specific problems, and conditions, or types of efforts towards particular events and problems based on individual capacity (Birgili, 2015). Creative Thinking is the ability to come up with surprising and valuable new ideas in many ways. Creative Thinking has to do with novelty, the ability to create things, apply new forms, generate a lot of imaginative skills, or create something existing and something new {Formatting Citation}. Creative Thinking is one form of self-disclosure uniquely. The creative process is described as consisting of several phases (Težak, 2015): a. Problem or task identification b. Preparation (collect and reactivate relevant information and resources) c. generate responses (search for and generate potential responses) d. Validation of responses and communication (testing and responding to criteria)

Decision Making
The company takes many important decisions to achieve goals, even with operational limitations and a work environment. The restrictions include resources, time, labor, energy, raw materials, and money. The company's most frequent goal is to maximize profits wherever possible, where the goal of other organizations that are part of a company is to minimize costs (Sager & Taylor 2006). According to Terry and Rue (2013), factors that must be considered in making decisions as follows: a. Tangible and intangible things, emotional and rational, need to be taken into account in decision making. b. Every decision must be used as material to achieve the goal. Every decision should not be focused on personal expectations but a thirst for importance. c. It is rarely the right choice, so make an alternative. d. Decision making is a mental act of this action should be converted into a physical action e. Effective decision making takes a long time. f. Practical decision making is needed to get better results. g. Every decision should be institutionalized so that it is known that it is right. h. Each need is the initial action of the next set of links.

Research Design
This research type is concluded to be causal research. According to Sekaran and Bougie (2016), causal research is a type of research that design to elaborate on one factor or more is some problem. This causal research will explain that the X variable Creative Thinking (X). is the cause of the Y variable (Sekaran & Bougie, 2016). This study used a quantitative approach because the symptoms were converted into numbers analyzed using the statistic. According to Creswell (2016), quantitative research requires researchers to explain how variables affect other variables.

Population and Sample
Population refers to an entire group of people, events, or exciting things that researchers want (Sekaran & Bougie 2016). The population in this study was 106 Cadets of The School of Aviators in Indonesia. Sekaran and Bougie (2016) define a sample as a subset of the population, and it comprises members selected from the population. Therefore, by studying a sample, the researcher should draw conclusions that are generalizable to the population of interest. In this study, sampling techniques taken are total sampling techniques that are a type of purposive sampling technique that involves examining the entire that have a particular set of characteristics (Sekaran & Bougie 2016). Thus, the samples used in this study were 106 Cadets of the School of Aviators Ministry in Indonesia.

Variable Operational Definitions
An operational definition is a concept or something that can be measured and seen in the dimension of behavior, aspect, or nature indicated by the concept. The operational definitions of variables in this study are:

Exogenous Variables
According, exogenous variables are often referred to as stimulus variables, predictors, and antecedents. Exogenous variables are often also called free variables, i.e., variables that affect or cause changes or the appearance of bound variables. The exogenous variable in this study was Creative Thinking (X). Creative Thinking in this study was measured through several indicators referring to Munandar (2004)

Data Analysis Techniques
Data analysis is an achievement for research aimed at answering research questions in order to uncover certain phenomena. Data analysis is the process of simplification of data into a form that is easier to read and implement. The analytical technique chosen to analyze the data and test the hypothesis in this study is the structural equation model (SEM) with the AMOS's help (Analysis of Moment Structures) program. The structural equation model combines two different statistical methods, namely factor analysis developed in psychology and psychometry and simultaneous equation modeling (simultaneous equation modeling), which developed in econometrics. SEM is a statistical method used to measure the validity and reliability of causality relationships among the study variables. (Ferdinand 2002) The advantages of SEM application in management research are its ability to confirm the dimensions of a concept or factor that is very commonly used in management and its ability to measure the influence of relationships -relationships that theoretically exist.

SEM Assumption Test Results
Data is considered a normal distribution, both univariate and multivariate, when the Critical Ratio value at skewness is between -2.58 until 2.58, with a significance level of 0.01 (1%). The results of the analysis appear in Table 1. The test results showed that the c.r. Multivariate values in table 1 were mostly between -2.58 to 2.58, meaning the assumption of normality had been met, and the data was feasible for use in subsequent estimates or analyses.

Fig. 2. Analysis of Creative Thinking Confirmatory Factors
From Fig. 2, it can be seen that the model for Culture can be seen through the coefficient value of the loading factor of each indicator presented in Table 2 as follows: Based on the data in Table 2, it can be explained that Creative Thinking construction can be declared valid based on the qualified loading factor value of loading factor > 0.50. The data in Table 2 shows that there are four Indicators of Creative Thinking that can be declared valid in reflecting the construction of Creative Thinking because it has qualified the loading factor value > 0.50.

Fig. 3. Analysis of Decision Making Confirmatory Factors
From Fig. 3, the model for Decision Making can be seen through the coefficient of loading factor of each indicator presented in Table 3 as follows: Based on the data in Table 3, it can be explained that the student trust construct can be declared valid based on the qualified loading factor value of loading factor > 0.50. The data in Table 3 shows three indicators of student confidence that can be declared valid in reflecting student confidence because it has qualified the loading factor value > 0.50.

The goodness of Fit Criteria Evaluation Results
After sem assumptions are fulfilled, then further structural feasibility testing will be carried out and for this will be used several feasibility index models that look at the results in table 4 below:  Table 4 shows that the test results of the goodness of fit in the structural equation model show useful data because it has met all the required criteria.

Hypothetical Test Results
The research hypothesis test was conducted based on the results of causality relationship analysis between research constructs, as presented in table 5 below: 1. The coefficient of standardized regression weight between Creative Thinking and Decision Making is 0.520 with a probability of 0.000 or p < 0.05. This suggests that Creative Thinking variables significantly affect decision-making variables, which means the first hypothesis in this study is acceptable.

Discussion
Based on the analysis results, creative Thinking has a significant effect on the variable decision making. This can be seen from the probability value of 0.000 or p < 0.05, which means creative Thinking can impact decision making. The direction of influence between creative thinking variables on decision making is positive, which means creative Thinking can increase decision making. In other words, the better the cadets' creative thinking ability, the more able to improve good decisionmaking ability. These results show that the hypothesis "Creative Thinking has a significant effect on Decision Making" can be declared acceptable and proven genuine. Decision making is defined as an informed choice between an alternative available in a particular situation, a trade-off process of alternative solutions to a particular problem, and choosing the best solution (Hawari, 1994;Yusnaeni et al., 2017). The success achieved by any organization depends mostly on the effectiveness and efficiency of the decisions taken and their relevance to targets identified at various administrative levels (Alsayrafi, 2003). Effective decision making can be achieved if one has creative Thinking. Creativity is defined as an expression of human truth that allows man to wonder about the reality of the cosmic phenomena surrounding him and helps him discover and develop methods, tools, and ideas that allow him to uncover or analyze them or reach them. Rules and laws governing their existence, design and develop methods, tools, and ideas that allow it to deal with this phenomenon and benefit from it in the development of its life (Ahmad et al. 2019). Creativity is everywhere, in the way we see, observe, and solve practical problems to create something for their aesthetics. In recent years, teaching foreign languages began to see the potential for creativity for foreign language classrooms and the need for it due to the increasing value in world work (Mumford & Simonton, 1997). The results of this study are in line with the results of (Ahmad et al., 2019) research, which found that there is a positive influence of the availability of fluency in Creative Thinking on the effectiveness of the decision-making process in insurance companies operating in Yemen, and the Thinking demonstrates the ability to produce the most significant number of alternatives, ideas, problems. Alternatively, use responses to certain stimuli, and the speed of their creation, the point of which is the process of remembering and recalling information, experiences, or concepts that have been studied. Therefore, someone who has this ability will have his creative decisions because of the alternatives and alternatives available and proposed. This will be far from stagnation and monotheism, which will consider the subject in many ways, produce effective solutions, generate innovative ideas, and positively affect the decision-making process's effectiveness.

Conclusion
Based on the hypothetical test results obtained, a p-value of 0.000, critical Thinking has a significant effect on decision making. This shows that the better critical Thinking that cadets have, the more decision making will be made. Thus, it can be concluded that the hypothesis "Creative Thinking has a significant effect on Decision Making" can be declared acceptable and proven to be true.