Uncontrolled consumption and life quality of low-income families: A study of three major tribes in south Sulawesi

Article history: Received: October 14, 2020 Received in revised format: November 11 2020 Accepted: November 14, 2020 Available online: November 14, 2020 Poverty analysis has often been necessary to generate new studies and publications. But for all the countries in the world, including Indonesia, poverty remains a concern. Indonesia has diverse concepts of culture, comprising of numerous tribes and traditions. Any empirical findings suggest that culture is closely correlated with customs and behaviors. It is what motivated the authors with a resource-based approach to undertake this study. This paper forms part of a series of documents created since 2010 and added fields and informants in 2018. This paper would include an overview of the behavior trends and improvements in disadvantaged households' quality of life. Besides their low wages, their eating habits are complicated due to their limited capacities. The researchers discuss “uncontrolled consumption” in this article, which exacerbates low-income families with low income. All of this directly impacts their life experience.


Introduction
Poverty is the focus of a lot of studies. Nevertheless, since the theme of poverty is never resolved, even in Indonesia, it remains significant. Indonesia is accused of being a life and group activity, composed of diverse tribes, practices, and rituals. In Makassar City (Hasmin, 2011a(Hasmin, , 2011b, the customs and ethnicity and poverty relationship theory reveal that each tribe has various traditions and values, which will impact their quality of life. South Sulawesi has the Bugis, Makassar, and Toraja clans, each with a specific character. They have distinctive characteristics. The South Sulawesi government and even the State are proud that a fraction of the needy has been diminished. Essentially, the poverty rate decline would not relieve the misery of those currently living in poverty. Poverty remains a decisive and dangerous battle for the vulnerable. The decrease in the number of people living in poverty is applied to their emotional burden as they were not freed from the poverty pit. Every second, every minute, and every time the grief and pain increase for them. When the State and we all refuse to identify the real factors of suffering and may function as barriers to enhancing their quality of life, the horrific incidents of torture can get more significant and more massive. Poverty is a crucial issue, even in southern Sulawesi, so it is necessary and urgent to resolve it. Various government efforts, from regents/mayors, senators, and the president on the topic of welfare, illustrate this. The real concern is not that every year the central government and South Sulawesi's regional government are shelling out money to reduce poverty. Ignorance is real suffering is the biggest issue. In comparison, the poverty rate is rising (decreasing annually), attributed to their attempts to get out of their poverty.

Literature Review
This study is motivated by the concept of constructing a superior organization from a variety of principal components. The intangible money that the organization's members have is one of the critical things. This intangible wealth in an enterprise that is well run would create a successful enterprise. Good efficiency is one of the highest performing organizations. It is an interpretation of the philosophy of human capital (Seleim, Ashour, and Bontis, 2007;Tan, 2014;Zamora, 2007). The wrong family as an entity made up of its members' money: the higher the family members' teaspoons, the greater their family efficiency. Eligible family members will influence the quality of the work and the level of performance, both on account of experience and preparation (Crocker, 2006;Iwamoto & Takahashi, 2015;Putnam, 2000;Quang Dao, 2008;Shimada, 2015). While this hypothesis (Fix, 2018) is still questionable, it is always assumed that its implementation principle has several shortcomings (Marginson, 2017). It may also provide a foundation for constructing ideas on human resources.

Research Methodology
This analysis has been carried out qualitatively (Bungin, 2007;Creswell, 2010;Moleong, 2012;Sugiyono, 2016). Besides, research on grounding specialization (Bryant & Charmaz, 2010) and multiple studies focused on theoretical research methodology (He & Balmer, 2013;Gasson & Waters, 2017;Halimi, D'Souza & Sullivan-Mort, 2014;Tang, Chen, & Xiao, 2010). Based on interviews and impressions and the grounded method of hypothesis analysis (Bungin, 2007;Chariri, 2009;Creswell, 2010;Moleong, 2012;Sugiyono, 2012). The study included 30 participants, including government officials and disadvantaged families. The study was carried out in 2010, comprehensive and source analysis was undertaken in 2018. Government workers act as primary informants to warn vulnerable families, their location, and their current situation-data collected by detailed interviews, assessment, and record search, which must be consistent with this report. Based on research findings from Makassar City (Hasmin, 2011b), poverty in Makassar City is assumed to be linked to society's roots; further study is therefore required to find out the truth of this theory. The researchers selected three districts, namely the Toraja North Toraja Regency, the Jeneponto Regency of the Makassar Tribe, and the Bone Regency of the Bugis Tribe. This concept's history is that three dominant groups, namely those of Bugis, Makassar, and Toraja, live in South Sulawesi.

Result and Discussion
In South Sulawesi, low-income families usually have no circumstances and informal operation rituals like bricklayers, builders, masons, beak builders, day workers, fishers, men and carpenters, etc. The job is undertaken by the head of the family and other family members who may get pay in the form of a wage or wage arising from the operation. Generally speaking, everybody needs a position which can afford decent remuneration, and which has immense value in his life. But most of them can't find lucrative jobs because their circumstances are not as comfortable as Indonesia as a whole. For employment, that is very minimal in profits. The remuneration or gifts that households and family members receive that invest in the development of goods and services contributing to their family income is very limited. Homes need capital to fulfill their basic requirements, both at the ordinary level and at the elite group. It can be attributed to the family head salary or other family members engaged in the job. Earnings and household expenses would probably vary based on their socioeconomic class and employment. Nearly the money that one has will be spent on sales. General spending is based on food, clothes, lodging, transportation, travel, recreation, schooling, and healthcare expenses for the family (Gallup, Radelet, & Warner, 1998). In the meanwhile, it is possible to conserve the portion that is not eaten. The findings revealed that disadvantaged families were on average Rp in South Sulawesi. Per human or Rp. 5,218 per day. Thirty-six thousand five hundred twenty-six daily expenses per household are Rp. household expenses. 6,147 Rp. or Rp. per day. Per family 43,031 a day. The poverty rate is much less than that of 1 US dollar per person per day (assuming 1 US dollar is today equal to 14 000 Rp.). In South Sulawesi, we still face a deficit per month if we equate income and spending for needy families. In addition to the fact that wages are minimal, there are also many disadvantaged family members, with an average of six (6) individuals per household. The study's findings show that they are compatible (Bam & Neupane, 2018;Myint & Myrdal, 1968;Quang Dao, 2008, 2009Rodríguez-Meza & González-Vega, 2004;Pinnington et al., 2016).
This research also found that in contrast with the number of family members, the percentage of families who earn an income is minimal. Besides the fact that they find it daunting to attain a job or not make the adequate effort, certain people still do not participate because they are still underage. In South Sulawesi, the income of low-income families is meager. In addition to having small numbers of family members, their employment is restricted to unskilled jobs, such that their remuneration is limited. It is because they usually have an inferior standard of schooling. In comparison, there is no desire to pursue any occupations any than what they have done so far. They said: "This is the only work I can do. I was a pedicab driver for a long time. When I was little, I never attempted next to my current job" I can't do any other work. Low family income (Gustafsson, Shi & Sato, 2014) combined with family intake trends appearing to be unregulated. It is apparent from their children's reckless actions to snack. And low-income families say, "It is easier for you to cry than for my kids because I can't afford the neighbors' snacks." Interestingly, they only earn instant cash when they receive an employee paycheck, so they must be delivered to the nearest store directly to settle their former debt. Their consuming activity without preparation, excessive use, sexual use, and low-income control is regular practices of low-income families in South Sulawesi and usage dependent on their wishes. The low-income families from the Toraja and Makassar tribe and some Bugis tribes have been affected. The author calls "Uncontrolled Eating", the entire consuming activity. One source of the low quality of life in low-income families is this unregulated trend of eating.
The trend of 'uncontrolled consumption' is a trend of consumption that low households conduct in their day-to-day life without being limited by the accountable family (their parents). They spend their money based on conditions as well as low wages. For starters, children from impoverished backgrounds waste their money openly on anything they do not want without their parents' orders. They buy food, toys, or stuff their family doesn't need, but their kids love it. Without allocating revenue, excluding investment. And the sense of pride and guilt is fascinating when your children weep because, if possible, they don't want something. The "unregulated intake" trend, coupled with low wages, leads to the decline of low-income families in their quality of life. The low standard of schooling for the low-income families, most of whom have not attended elementary school or had no education, has, in turn, contributed to the low income of the preceding year (Hasmin & Mariah, 2015;Khan & Williams, 2006;Putri & Setiawina, 2013;Tuason, 2011;Young P Hong & Pandey, 2007). As well as internal family influences, such as low education acceptance, their families have external causes, including the climate. Education is not necessary if society's overarching beliefs influence their environments. Moreover, low-income families believe that high education costs are very high, especially for the private sector. They cannot go to school, let alone private schools that are relatively more costly than public schools, where there is apparent government assistance. If this persists, the children of impoverished people may have a low living condition and lose their competition for better jobs since inaccurate employment leads to a smaller salary than the prior generation. If it persists, the former suffering will be the heritage of the current era and the next one's heritage. Many empirical studies' findings are reliable (Lp, 2016;Mader et al. , 2017;Meyer & Nishimwe-Niyimbanira, 2016;Muyanga, 2014). The real and lackluster life of low family life in South Sulawesi leads to a specific attitude towards a society not shared by well-off people. In South Sulawesi, most of the low-income families claim life is transient. Some are deprived but do not believe they give up their condition while living in a fundamental and mediocre car. That's what an informant added to this study: "While my life is like that, the main thing is that I'm safe because I'm sick, it means that I can't get more moneythe relationship trend between faith and suffering" (Heath & Li, 2015). Low-income families still rely on the strength of the Almighty Father, who governs all things. Attitudes like this are what make you survive, while you're living in misery, as the knowledge officer in this study said that "talebbakaji nia' kajadian angkana matei bunuh diri gara-gara kasiasi, niakja mate tapi karena kelaparanji". There was never an event where someone was killed because of hardship. Some died but only because of starvation for 3 people 1 night. In South Sulawesi, several low-income families are living smoothly. However, it was reported that they did so because of their shortcomings. However, they waste it without contemplating their future, whether they have enough resources. In comparison, poor Makassar families, who have the "eja tongpi na doang" existence concept, meaning that there will be issues later, so they're going to think of a solution, or the time comes for a reason. These conducts are also part of the "Uncontrolled Intake" group. The idea "Don't let the rice pot be clean", is new to the Bugis. It shows that you do have to work hard, calculate, and predict the future. It ensures that anyone who works hard or has the expertise to boost their productivity and quality of life.

Conclusion
Low households residing in prominent families have six family members on average. The head of the family is mostly the poor people, the only income-medium-skilled jobs in the informal sector not to reduce the remuneration. With habits of spending continuing to be lost, low family income is worse. The appearance of the parents' integrity, not the evaluation of the future, and the expenditure higher than income are the unplanned investment habits focused on wants, not needs. This model is considered one of the causes that leads to the miserable lives of low-income families and is referred to by the author as 'Uncontrolled Consumption.' This paper has presented a theory that requires further testing by broadening the analysis area by the same approach or by multiple methods. The idea is that low-income families have an "uncontrolled intake" trend, leading to needy families' quality of life. The quality of life of low-income families would also worsen if the rate of "uncontrolled consumption" increases.