The role of information systems in communication through social media

Article history: Received: October 26, 2018 Received in revised format: January 28, 2019 Accepted: February 5, 2019 Available online: February 5, 2019 The purpose of this research is to provide a conceptual overview on published studies and articles related to social media and information systems as two independent, continuous and interdependent concepts. The research data is from the survey for two social media keywords and information systems from the Scopus site, which is one of the main scientific search engines. Due to a large number of findings, the study area was limited to 6 major areas of social sciences, business management, economics, arts and humanities, psychology and decision-making sciences, and 5185 articles were found. To investigate and analyze the findings, the Romethometrics and bibliometrics library of R Studio software were used. Biblimetrix was a method for studying and evaluating quantitative scientific texts using mathematical and statistical methods. The data obtained from this research is useful for scholars, researchers, decision-makers and those interested in social media and information networks in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres. © 2019 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada.


Introduction
With a brief overview of the history of several centuries of human civilization, we find that information has been one of the major factors for the development and evolution of civilizations.Societies that quickly and accurately compile and analyze their information and use the results correctly have always been more successful than others and have affected other people and communities.The diversity, evolution, and transformation of the media have exposed researchers with a wide range of information and their impact on information has had a dramatic effect on the world.By contemplating in the current information world, the use of new technologies, which has found a tremendous place in community services and revolutionized the transmission, storage and retrieval of information, is inevitable (Farhadi, 2012: 13).From the first half of the 20th century, scientific communication has been at the center of sociological studies as one of the main mechanisms affecting the institution of science, and its significance in the production of knowledge has been discussed.In recent decades, with the expansion of the information society, the development of electronic communications, and the elimination of spatial con-straints in virtual relationships, the field of scientific communication has once again attracted the attention of scholars with the use of new concepts (Mohammadi, 2007).Scientific communication is a subset of social communication.The system of communication in science is based on the transfer of information and the results of scientific activities through a network of experts and a system of review by academic colleagues.The information society is a community that uses knowledge and information and related technologies to accelerate the economic, social, cultural and human development.One of the pillars of the information society is the creation and expansion of high-capacity, long-distance communication systems that are accessible from all parts of the world.Paul Safo, a researcher at the Institute for Future Studies, considers information as a wave that will soon affect us, significantly and we need to learn how to control this vast amount of information (Ibid.02).The important point is that information literacy in this community is a necessity.According to the American Library Association definition, information literacy is referred to as "a set of capabilities that individuals can use to help identify the time needed for information and to locate and effectively use the information they need" (Khaleghi & Siamak, 2010:10).
All media, according to the nature, level of influence, capacities, facilities, type of message, audience etc. can play their role in accordance with expectations of the information society (Ghasemi Hamedani & Amiri, 2015).The media interconnects the components of the information society from one society to another society and from one generation to another generation, and it is in some way one of the most important channels of scientific communication.Contemporary media, more than any other communication technology, have made it possible to transfer and extract high-volume and low-cost information, and more control over the content, as well as the possibility of choice from users.Each media, in accordance with their nature, can be a factor in the process of forming scientific communications (Shamsi & Soleimani, 2016).Meanwhile, due to the ever-expanding and high-speed development of social media technology, the media outlets have surpassed other media and have spread across the globe to all the societies in a striking way, and the necessary social media and information systems have influenced each other.
Virtual social networks are a type of social media that most closely resembles a human society and allows individuals to communicate with a large number of other people, regardless of time, place, political, cultural and economic constraints.Researchers have shown that social networking and the use of various social media types have the benefits of being present in this virtual community, such as the support of others, information, emotions, and emotions, and often need real life aspects.The physical presence of people is not among them in these virtual communities.

Social media and information systems
Media is like any medium that transports cultures and thoughts such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television, satellite, internet, etc.In this definition, it should be added: Media is a vehicle that plays the role of information bearer and it is a pre-designed message and is an intermediary between the transmitter and receiver of the message that has evolved over time (Ahmadzadeh Kermani, 2012: 551).Media plays a variety of roles in the community, which can be related to the role of news, education, guidance, leadership, entertainment, and propaganda.According to the definition given in the media, databases are a kind of medium that plays the role of the bearer of coherent scientific information and serves as a medium for information seekers.Today, with the growth of scientific and research activities, a wealth of information has emerged, partly due to the existence of the media itself.The increasing amount of information and the increasing number of its producers are the most important factors that make it difficult to retrieve information in this environment.Today, the problem with the researcher is how to identify the mass of untrusted information and topics.In addition to web search skills and information seeking skills for more effective access to information, print and print retrieval systems (bibliography, index, etc.) and electronic systems (databases) of interest search (Farhadi, 2012: 118)."Social media is composed of democratic content, and understanding the role of the media is not just the dissemination of information, but also the production of information and share it," said Brien Solis in describing social media.Social media describes online tools that people use to share content, profiles, views, experiences, and thoughts.Social media is the innovation and initiative of systems that connect people to one another, provide opportunities for providing and presenting content among them, and extract and process social knowledge and knowledge (Kay Lewis, 2010) .The benefits of using social media in research activities are high visibility in search engines.Social networking sites, blogs, wikis, cookies, and forums are among the following social media categories.

Research Methodology
To conduct this research in a citation and library way, electronic resources have been reviewed on the subject of research.The research work began with the search for the two keywords of social media and information systems by the Scopus search engine, and according to the very diverse number published, they are limited to six major areas of social sciences, business management, economics, art and science Human, psychology of science and decision making.In this research, two main terms were considered as independent variables and related terms as dependent variables.This research has been accomplished quantitatively and analyzes the data obtained from Biblioshiny software.

Booklet (Biblimetrics)
This is a method for studying, evaluating, evaluating and evaluating quantitative scientific texts using mathematical methods and statistics.The purpose of the work of bibliometric studies is based on four main variables including authors, scientific publications, references and references.The bibliometrics is the origin of other areas of quantitative measurement (Scientometrics, Informatics and Webometrics).The bibliometric questionnaire deals with textual and citation indicators.

Dataset
Table 1 shows the main information found by Scopus, including the number of entries, the search time zone, the related key words, the author-specific features, and the type of material found on the keywords of social media and information systems.

Table1
The main findings of Scopus data related to the keywords of social media and information systems

Annual Science Production
In Fig. 1, the production shows the contents of articles, books, and various researches conducted in the years from 2003 to 2018.Fig. 1 shows the trend of the occurance of the keywords and we can observe that social media and information systems have appeared mostly in 2016.

Source Dynamics
Fig. 2 shows the growth rate of resources based on annual events.Graphs show the dynamics of various fields in the production of science, which use the keywords of social media and information systems each year.Here there are 6 groups to be displayed and computer science materials related to the field of social media in 2014 had the highest rates.

Corresponding Author's Country
As shown in Fig. 3, the association of the number of articles produced by the authors in two colored turquoise (single-country publishers) and red (multi-country publishers) is specified.The largest number of authors of texts and materials belong to the United States, Australia and Germany.

Highly cited papers
The above are the various information related to the cprresponding author's countriy, source dynamics and the production of annual science.Here, we briefly describe the content and the publishers with the highest citation given in Table 2 where the top 200 creators with the highest citation are listed.According to the results, Chou et al. ( 2009) have the highest rates of citation.Given the rapid changes in the communication landscape created using the Internet and social media, it is very important to develop a better understanding of these technologies and their impacts on health communications.The first step in this effort is to identify the features of the current social media users.The report updates the use of current social media to help keep track of the growth of social media and promotion or promotion of health through effective use of social media.The purpose of the study is to identify the social and health factors associated with current adult social media users in the United States.
The second study is the evaluation of the profile, patterns of use, satisfaction and perceived effects among the users of electronic cigarettes (Etter & Bullen, 2011).Among the 3,587 participants who use ecigarettes containing nicotine, 92% of them said electronic cigarettes helped them quit smoking.The reason for the use of electronic cigarette was that it claimed that libido, less poisonous, to counter the eagerness of smoking and smoking cessation or avoidance, was cheaper than smoking and confronted with situations where smoking was prohibited.Examining Tweeter and 10 social networking services by Thelwall et al. (2013) has revealed thar tool measurements have many contributors through the social network and can be used as primary indicators of paperwork and usefulness.However, there is a lack of systematic scientific evidence that alternative metrics were a proxy valid for the impact or utility tools.
In this study, 11 sensors were compared with scientific websites for 76 to 208,739 pubMed articles.The study also introduced a simple test to overcome the prejudices caused by citing and reusing Windows.However, comparison of articles and metric values for articles published at different times, even in the same year, can eliminate or reverse this relationship, and so publishers and medical professionals should take the time impact when using instrumentation tools for articles ranked.Finally, the coverage of all metric tools, except for Twitter, seems to be low, so it is not clear if they are common enough to be useful in practice.
These articles and many other articles are based on the classified information that is referenced to the audience through social media and can be obtained through the receipt or prevalence of this information and social feedback.In all fields of science and research, social media is used as a bridge between the target community and researchers for the exchange of information.Direct and easy communication without intermediaries with users, audiences are the benefits of these media.

Word cloud
To understand the use of keywords used with social media words and operating systems, cloud keywords are used for mental imagery.As shown in Fig. 4, "social media", "online social networks", "information systems", "personal Internet", "information process" and "information management" are the primary keywords used in the documents produced.

Word Dynamics
To display the dynamics of the keywords in the study, the use of each word per year is used to grow and compare with other words.The dynamics in this text means the behavior of a component or subject in several dimensions.As shown in fig.5, The two keywords; namely "social media" and "humankind" are the most dynamic in the texts between 2013 and 2015.

The most popular keywords
In addition to the search for studies conducted around the two keywords of social media and information systems, the more commonly used keywords, along with their frequency, are described in Table 1.

Table 3
The most popular keywords used in studies associated with social media and information system

Co-citation, Co-author and Co-word
The following information is from the conceptual, social and cognitive structure of the software.In Co-Citiation analyzes, clusters identified references and intellectual citation citations under different areas of the subject or field of science.In co-word analyzes, clusters identified from text information can be considered as conceptual or semantic groups of various topics examined by researchers.

Co-occurrence Network
Scientific maps are depicted using various techniques and methods, both of which are the occurrence of vocabulary.One of the most important words or key words of a document is the one used to study the conceptual structure of a research domain.The occurrence of the keywords in the title, abstract, or article of the article is examined.The occurrence of keywords also indicates the cognitive relation between a single set of documents.Based on the analysis of the occurrence of vocabulary, one can extract scientific subjects and discover their correlation directly from the thematic content (Callon et al., 1986).By comparing the resulting maps in different time periods, the dynamics of science can be traced (He, 1999).
Accordingly, the present study aims to answer the question of how the knowledge of social media and information systems is formed from the subject matter and how these interfaces are interconnected.If the keywords are grouped in a cluster, it probably reflects most of them.Each cluster has a different number of subject keywords.In the software, there is an ability to see the location of the occurrence by clicking on each word of the network with other words and clusters.Cluster analysis is in fact a kind of classification technique that helps create heterogeneous groups in a set of complex data.In clustering, objects are classified into different groups based on the similarity or distance of their bugs.On the basis of the analysis method, one can extract scientific subjects and discover their relation directly to the subject matter.
Fig. 6.Co-occurrence network(Author's keywords) In the Fig. 6, the clusters are marked with blue, green, and red colors based on the keywords that represent the congruent groups.Based on the maps drawn from the analysis of the documents studied, such concepts as: "Tweeter", "Web 2.0", "Information Technology", "Big Data", "Social Networks", "Facebook", "Text Categories", and the "Internet" are among the most widely used topics in the field of social media at the International level are considered.Drawing up co-occurrence maps at different time points shows the changes and sustainabilities in concepts and terms related to the field of social media and information systems.Some words like "machine learning" as one of the vertices of a green cluster, with just a little bit from the top of the pyramid, which is social media, indicates that these two words are present in many articles.

Co-Citation Network
Citation analysis is one of the quantitative methods in the field of bibliometrics and scientometrics that reviews scientific texts based on the counting of the number of citations accrued to them.In citation analysis studies, references cited in the texts are counted and reviewed and vrious analyzes are executed based on it.Citation analysis examines the relationship between citation and citation documents.In the citation analysis, according to references to relevant references, it is clear that the more referrals to a reference, the greater the relevance of the reference in relation to the subject matter will be.
Fig. 7. Co-Citation network (2003-2018) According to Fig. 7, the most cited reference is Kaplan (2010).The main purpose of the present research is to map the citation map of the leading authors of the field of social media and information systems based on scientific articles indexed during the years from 1955 to 2018.The present research is a sciencebased research, and uses bibliometric techniques such as citation analysis.Creating a citation link between social media writers and information systems reflects the intellectual relationship between the authors of this field, and all the writers of the field of social media and information systems are not necessarily part of the influential authors.

Factorial Analysis
Co-Word Analysis: The aim of the co-word analysis is to map the conceptual structure of a framework using the word co-occurrences in a bibliographic collection.The analysis can be performed through dimensionality reduction techniques such as Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Correspondence Analysis (CA) or Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA).In Fig. 8, we show an example using the function conceptualStructure that performs a CA to draw a conceptual structure of the field to identify clusters of documents which express common concepts.Results are plotted on a two-dimensional map.

Thematic Map
Thematic analysis analyzes enable us to identify and analyze the evolution of the thematic areas of a scientific discipline, and in the next step, identifying scientific gaps would require further consideration in future research and prediction of future trends in the development of that field of science.Both citation and lexical analysis are two common methods for constructing strategic and subject-matter maps of a domain.Simultaneous use of these two methods can be used to compare both citation and lexical patterns and, by compensating for the shortcomings of the two methods, we may create a new perspective on scientific research.Thematic or thematic maps are used for lexical analysis of the science map, which is derived from key word clusters.These clusters are considered as themes.Each research theme derived from this process is used by two parameters (density and center) as the two meanings and the mean values of each cluster, which categorizes the themes into 4 sections.A theme with a keyword and its internal communications forms a network graph called the tetamical network.Each tributary network is named one of the most significant and relevant keyword associated with the same theme.Thematic map is a strong visual design and we can analyze the themes by which quadrant they are located.
Q1) Top right Quadrant: Engine Themes -Good Themes by Finding and Important for the Research Structure.
Q2) The top left quadrant: Emerging and emerging themes and poorly developed, marginal.Q3) Left quadrant: Very special and special themes, important for the subject of research, but not developed.
Q4) The bottom right quadrant: The main themes -The themes are well developed with in-house relationships, but with trivial external relations (just a margin for the topic).
Fig. 9. Thematic map As we see in Fig. 9, the terms "social" and "data" are very important for the structure of all research, and they were used in all periods of time.The word "study" is an important and emerging theme associated with other keywords.The word "media" is a very popular word used in time stats along with other keywords.The words "online" and "revising" are the words that can be focused more on the current time and are one of the important issues for research in the present and future.

Country Collaboration Map
This map shows the relevance of the countries that have contributed to the text.Scientists and researchers from both China and the United States have been most involved in producing science in texts related to the keywords of information systems and social media.

Conclusion
In this study, we tried to obtain the information obtained from the software in terms of the amount of work and studies carried out and the science produced in the context of the two words of social media and information systems, and with the information obtained from the diagrams and tables.Both the vocabulary and the occurrence of the mentioned keywords, the conceptual structure of these domains and the relationship between the subject areas have been identified.The obtained data and the analysis of the results of the analyzes carried out in this study have indicated that the scope of the subject areas in the field of social media and information systems has evolved over time and dynamically expanded between 2009 and 2016.In the years to come, there has been a decline and new issues such as social networks, online media and online systems have grown, and issues related to information systems have also grown in the human and medical spheres.The ongoing flow of scientific production in these two domains, as well as other scientific fields, creates continuous changes in its structure.Given the wide range of scientific disciplines, each day, it engages more with other sciences.Some areas of social media science and information systems are becoming more and more relevant to the needs of societies and countries, and issues are being expanded.Also, the results have shown that the textbook of this domain is a domain that is rich in resources from different disciplines, that is, it has broad interdisciplinary relations.It is worth noting that although studies related to the visualization of subjects and subject areas of the research area and the coincidence of its vocabulary do not themselves offer specific policy suggestions or options, they can, however, be able to understand the state of knowledge and direct the scientific policy.Drawings illustrate a clear picture of research topics in the field of social media and the relationships between different subjects.These maps, in different periods of time, show changes and persistence in concepts and terms related to the field of social media and information systems.Some words are present in all the years studied, such as community and data, while others disappear over time.New concepts are emerging as a reminder of existing words and in interaction with new developments and technologies.Drawing a lexical map based on the key words in the titles of the articles that were considered in this study, will allow more texts to be mapped as Boswell and Himrex have put forward.
In general, analyzes such as concurrent analysis and vocabulary are capable of answering such questions, which issues of the scientific community are more focused on?Are there different scientific areas and sub-areas?And what is the evolutionary course?And what are the likely issues in the near future in the minds of scientists?The results of this study have shown that, in principle, more research should be accomplished by combining different approaches to reveal the gap of the capabilities or methods of scientometric design maps that play an important role in policy and planning.The soft training and various indicators used to map and analyze the map should be on the agenda of Scientology Counselors.

Fig. 1 .Fig
Fig. 1.Generating annual science related to social media keywords and information systems

Fig. 4 .
Fig. 4. The frequency of the keywords used in different studies

Table 2
The summary of the most cited articles