Nyhan, Julianne
(2021).
Oceanic Exchanges: Tracing Global Information Networks in Historical Newspaper Repositories, 1840-1914.
[Data Collection]. Colchester, Essex:
UK Data Service.
10.5255/UKDA-SN-854881
Newspapers were the first big data for a mass audience. Their dramatic expansion over the nineteenth century created a global culture of abundant, rapidly circulating information. The significance of the newspaper, however, has largely been defined in metropolitan and national terms in scholarship of the period. The collecting and digitization by local institutions further situated newspapers within a national context. "Oceanic Exchanges: Tracing Global Information Networks in Historical Newspaper Repositories, 1840-1914" (OcEx) brings together leading efforts in computational periodicals research from the US, Mexico, Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the UK to examine patterns of information flow across national and linguistic boundaries in nineteenth century newspapers by linking digitized newspaper corpora currently siloed in national collections. OcEx seeks to break through the conceptual, institutional, and political barriers which have limited working with big humanities data by bringing together historical newspaper experts from different countries and disciplines around common questions; by actively crossing the national boundaries that have previously separated digitized newspaper corpora through computational analysis; and by illustrating the global connectedness of nineteenth-century newspapers in ways hidden by typical national organizations of digital cultural heritage. We propose to coordinate the efforts of this six-nation team to: build classifiers for textual and visual similarity of related newspaper passages; create a networked ontology of different genres, forms, and textual elements that emerged during the nineteenth century; model and visualise textual migration and viral culture; model and visualise conceptual migration and translation of texts across regional, national, and linguistic boundaries; analyze the sensitivity and generality of results; release public collections. For scholars of nineteenth-century periodicals and intellectual history, OcEx uncovers the ways that the international was refracted through the local as news, advice, vignettes, popular science, poetry, fiction, and more. By revealing the global networks through which texts and concepts traveled, OcEx creates an abundance of new evidence about how readers around the world perceived each other through the newspaper. These insights may reshape the assumptions that underpin research by scholars in comparative literature, translation studies, transnational and intellectual history, and beyond. Computational linguistics provides building blocks (recognizing translation, paraphrasing, text reuse) that can enable scholarly investigations, with both historical and contemporary implications. At the same time, such methods raise fundamental questions regarding the validity and reliability of their results (such as the effects of OCR-related noise, or imperfect comparability of corpora). Finally, by linking research across large-scale digital newspaper collections, OcEx will offer a model for national libraries and other data custodians that host large-scale data for digital scholarship. The project will test the accessibility and interoperability of emerging and well established newspaper digitisation efforts and output clear recommendations for structuring such development in future.
Data description (abstract)
13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with librarians, archivists and digital content managers who work in in public institutions and commercial companies in Europe, North America and Australasia. Interviews were conducted between February and December 2018 in accordance with ethics procedures at Loughborough University (29 January 2018) and University College London (21st May 2018). After interviews were completed a transcript was written up and interviewees were invited to comment on or submit corrections to the transcripts. We then analysed the interviews according to an inductive, thematic approach. The transcribed interviews were destroyed in line with ethics requirements.
Data creators: |
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Contributors: |
Name |
Affiliation |
ORCID (as URL) |
Hauswedell Tessa |
University College London |
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Beals M.H. |
Loughborough University |
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Emily Bell |
University of Leeds |
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Terras Melissa |
University of Edinburgh |
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Sponsors: |
Economic and Social Research Council
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Grant reference: |
ES/R004110/1
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Topic classification: |
Science and technology History
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Keywords: |
INTERVIEWS (DATA COLLECTION), NEWSPAPERS, LIBRARY, INFORMATION AND ARCHIVAL SCIENCES EDUCATION, ARCHIVES
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Project title: |
Oceanic Exchanges: Tracing Global Information Networks In Historical Newspaper Repositories, 1840-1914
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Grant holders: |
Dr Julianne Nyhan
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Project dates: |
From | To |
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1 September 2017 | 31 August 2019 |
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Date published: |
01 Jun 2021 12:11
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Last modified: |
01 Jun 2021 12:11
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Collection period: |
Date from: | Date to: |
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1 September 2017 | 31 August 2019 |
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Country: |
United Kingdom, Australia, The Netherlands |
Data collection method: |
The transcribed interviews were destroyed in line with ethics requirements. A summary and analysis of the interviews is included in the following article: Hauswedell, T., Nyhan, J., Beals, M.H. et al. Of global reach yet of situated contexts: an examination of the implicit and explicit selection criteria that shape digital archives of historical newspapers. Arch Sci 20, 139–165 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10502-020-09332-1 |
Observation unit: |
Other |
Kind of data: |
Text |
Type of data: |
Historical data, Qualitative and mixed methods data |
Resource language: |
English |
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Rights owners: |
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Contact: |
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Notes on access: |
The Data Collection only consists of metadata and documentation as the data could not be archived due to legal, ethical or commercial constraints. For further information, please contact the contact person for this data collection.
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Publisher: |
UK Data Service
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Last modified: |
01 Jun 2021 12:11
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