تصفیه برخی از آلودگی های پساب صنعتی ورودی به حوضه آبریز دریای خزر با استفاده از گیاه وتیور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:  گیاه­ پالایی مقرون­ به­ صرفه و سازگار با محیط زیست است که در آن گیاه از توانایی‌‌های طبیعی خود برای بازیابی محیط استفاده ‌‌می‌‌‌کند. گیاهان مورد استفاده برای گیاه­ پالایی باید توانایی انباشت مقادیر زیادی از آلاینده‌‌های فلزی را بدون ایجاد سمیت در آنها داشته باشند. امروزه با افزایش جمعیت جهان و به دنبال آن توسعه صنایع و کارخانه‌‌ها، بر میزان پساب‌‌های وارده  به محیط زیست که غالبا حاوی فلزات سنگین و آلاینده‌‌های مختلف ‌‌می‌‌‌باشند، افزوده ‌‌می‌‌‌شود. فلزات سنگین تاثیرات مخربی بر سلامت گیاهان و جانوران در اکوسیستم‌‌های مختلف دارد. با توجه به توانایی فلزات سنگین در تجمع و ایجاد سمیت در موجودات زنده، این نوع آلودگی یک مشکل جدی و اساسی محسوب می شود. استفاده از گیاهان به عنوان یک فناوری موثر و مقرون به صرفه برای حذف آلاینده های فلزی از خاک ها و آب های آلوده به عنوان یک روش جدید به جای سایر اقدامات پرهزینه توصیه شده است. بنابراین، حذف آلاینده‌‌ها از خاک و آب‌‌های آلوده به کمک گیاهان از طریق جذب و انباشت در ریشه، ساقه و برگ، به‌عنوان یکی از روش‌‌‌‌های پالایش برای حذف آلاینده‌‌های فلزی مطرح است. در این فرآیند، انتخاب گیاه مناسب با قابلیت جذبی بالا و سازگار با محیط، بدون عوارض منفی زیست محیطی، نقش بسیار مؤثری در میزان پالایش آلاینده‌‌ها دارد.
مواد و روش ­ها: به منظور بررسی میزان جذب و انباشت فلزات سنگین توسط گیاهان، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار با استفاده از گیاه وتیور انجام شد. گیاهان تیمار با پساب صنعتی و گیاهان کنترل با آب شهری آبیاری شدند. همچنین گلدانی حاوی خاک فاقد گیاه نیز جهت سنجش میزان عناصر در خاک در نظر گرفته شد و در طول دوره شش ماه آزمایش، به طور منظم همراه با گلدان‌‌های دیگر با پساب صنعتی آبیاری شد. به منظور بررسی تاثیر آبیاری با پساب بر عملکرد گیاه وتیور، پس از دوره شش ماهه آزمایش، آنالیز عناصر سنگین و مطالعات آناتومیکی و فیزیولوژیکی بر روی گیاهان تحت تیمار پساب صنعتی و گیاهان شاهد انجام شد. فاکتور‌‌های انتقال و تجمع که دو فاکتور مهم در سنجش توانایی گیاه برای گیاه ­پالایی محسوب ‌‌می‌‌‌شوند، نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بین بیشترین فلزات سنگین موجود در پساب صنعتی که شامل روی و کروم بودند، بیشترین ذخیره عناصر مذکور در ریشه گیاه وتیور صورت گرفت و به میزان کمتری در بخش‌‌های هوایی جمع شدند. همچنین نتایج آزمایش‌‌های صفات فیزیولوژیک نشان داد که فاکتور‌‌های قند‌‌های محلول و پرولین در گیاهان تحت تیمار نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و غلظت مالون ­دی ­آلدهید در گیاهان تحت تیمار نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. نتایج مطالعات ریشه در گیاهان شاهد و تیمار نشان داد که قطر ریشه، قطر استوانه مرکزی و تعداد دستجات آوندی در گیاهان تیمار نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت.
نتیجه­ گیری: در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در فرآیند جذب فلزات سنگین، تغییراتی در برخی صفات آناتومیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان تحت تیمار ایجاد شد. بررسی فاکتور‌‌های انتقال و تجمع زیستی نیز نشان داد که گیاه وتیور، توانایی جذب فلز روی و کروم را از طریق تثبیت گیاهی دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Purification of some industrial waste water contaminants entering the Caspian Sea basin using vetiver plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahebeh Hajipour
  • Morteza Mohammadi Deylamani
  • Mohadeseh Momen Zadeh
  • Mansour Afshar Mohammadian
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: plant remediation is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, in which the plant uses its natural abilities to restore the environment. Plants used for phytoremediation must have the ability to accumulate large amounts of metal pollutants without causing toxicity in them. Today, with the increase in the world's population and the development of industries and factories, the amount of wastewater entering the environment, which often contains heavy metals and various pollutants, increases. Heavy metals have destructive effects on the health of plants and animals in different ecosystems. Considering the ability of heavy metals to accumulate and cause toxicity in living organisms, this type of pollution is considered a serious and fundamental problem. The use of plants as an effective and cost-effective technology to remove metal pollutants from contaminated soils and waters has been recommended as a new method instead of other costly measures. Therefore, the removal of pollutants from soil and polluted waters with the help of plants through absorption and accumulation in roots, stems and leaves is considered as one of the purification methods to remove metal pollutants. In this process, choosing the right plant with high absorption capacity and compatible with the environment, without negative environmental effects, plays a very effective role in the amount of pollutant purification.
Material and methods: In this regard, in order to investigate the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals by plants, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications using vetiver plant. Plants treated with industrial effluent and control plants were irrigated with municipal water. Also, pots containing soil without plants were considered to measure the amount of elements in the soil during the six-month experiment period, they were regularly irrigated with other pots with industrial effluent. In order to investigate the effect of irrigation with effluent on the yield of vetiver plant, after a six-month period of experiment, heavy element analysis and anatomical and physiological studies were performed on plants treated with industrial effluent and control plants. Transfer and accumulation factors, which are two important factors in measuring plant ability for phytoremediation, were also examined.
Results and discussion: The results of this study showed that among the most heavy metals in industrial effluents, which included zinc and chromium, most of the mentioned elements were stored in the roots of vetiver and less were collected in the aerial parts. Also, the results of physiological traits experiments showed that the factors of soluble sugars and proline in the treated plants increased compared to the control and the concentration of malondialdehyde in the treated plants decreased compared to the control. The results of root studies in control and treated plants showed that root diameter, central cylinder diameter and number of vascular clusters in treated plants increased compared to control.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that in the process of absorption of heavy metals, changes were made in some anatomical and physiological traits of treated plants. Examination of transfer and bioaccumulation factors also showed that vetiver has the ability to absorb zinc and chromium through plant stabilization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Industrial effluent
  • Phytoremediation
  • Heavy metals
  • Vetiver plant

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 20، شماره 3
1401
صفحه 191-210

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