Review of Chemical toxicity in Cosmetic products w . s . r . Dushi Visha

The concept of beauty and cosmetic is as old as mankind and civilization. Cosmetic product for females like sun scream, lipsticks, facial cream, nail paints, deodorants and sindoor are very popular in the market. They are generally the combination of various chemical compounds and some of them are derived from natural sources and others from synthetic method. In females regular external application of cosmetic products to improve beauty and appearance of a person which increases the self confidence. Most of the cosmetic products contains hazardous chemicals like talcum, parabens, coal, tar dye, phthalates, fragrance, tri ethanolamine and use of some heavy metals e.g. lead, mercury etc. Peoples are not aware of adverse effect of regular use of cosmetic products it accumulates in the body can cause contact dermatitis, skin disorders, allergies, hair loss and effect on nails etc. In Ayurveda cosmetic toxicity is compare to cumulative type of toxicity, so the cumulative type of toxicity is similar to Dushi Visha describes in Ayurveda.

milk, etc. are polluted. For e.g. Synthetic hormones are in the milk, meat and other dairy product we eat. Pesticides, herbicides and fungicides are also present in grains and vegetables. These toxins enter into our body by different routes. They enter the system through blood circulation, and retention of these toxins results Toxaemia which slowly affect our vital system and immune system and can cause various diseases. According to Acharaya Sushruta, Dushi Visha is defined as the toxin having origin plant, animal or artificial poison, that has not been eliminated, neutralized or remains in the body for a long time and manifested some disease if not treated 1 . Cosmetics are one of them having some hazardous chemical also. Every person wants to look more impressive, beautiful and smart. Cosmetics are the products use for external application to improve the appearance and self-confidence of a person. Although the aim is not always achieved, because it depends upon the selection of the quality of product which is based on the type of skin like oily, dry, normal or combine. Due to poor quality of products, lack of experience and skill person cannot achieve his or her goal. According to dermatologist cosmetics may be grouped as- The demand of cosmetic products ranging from creams, beauty, soap, face powder, lotion, shampoo, etc. has increased in recent times, resulting in massive production of cosmetic industry without following any standard guidelines. Cosmetics may contain several toxic chemicals like lead; cadmium etc. may cause various diseases like cancer, birth defect, development and reproductive disorder. Therefore, this type of review study was carried out which was conceptual type in nature. The aim was to highlight the toxic effect of cosmetics, so that a common man can also know the hazardous effect of cosmetics.

AIM & OBJECTIVES:
 To study the concept of Dushivisha.  To study the toxic effects of cosmetics on human body.  To correlate the Dushivisha w.s.r.
cu-mulative toxicity of cosmetics.  To highlight on the toxic effects of cosmetics on human body in front of society.  To educate the people regarding the preventive measure of toxic effects of cosmetics on human body.

MATERIALS & METHODS:
A] Literature search-Review of literature regarding Dushivisha is collected from Ayurvedic compendium. Review of literature regarding cumulative toxicity of cosmetics is collected from modern science & on different website. Research articles are also searched from various websites. All Compiled matter is reorganized and criti-cally analysed for the discussion and attempt has been made to draw some fruitful conclusions.

Conceptual Review:
The substance after entering into the body causes despair is called as Visa. According to modern science a poison is a substance which when administered, inhaled or ingested is capable of acting deleteriously on the human body. Thus almost anything is poison. According to Bhavaprakasa the basic classification of poison is same as like that of Samhitas, but he classified the Krtrimavisa in different manner. The one which is prepared by nonpoisonous substances is called as Garavisa & other one which is prepared by poisonous substances is called as Dushivish Modern science classified these poisons on the basis of effect produced by them in to four types. Fulminate, acute, chronic and sub acute. Out of which fulminate means poisoning produced by massive dose of poison by which death occurs rapidly, acute means poisoning produced by a single large dose or several small doses taken in a short period, onset of signs & symptoms is usually abrupt. Chronic poisoning produced by small doses taken over a long period. Onset is insidious. Subacute is characterised by mixture of features of acute & chronic poisoning. The word Dusi is derived from the root word "Dusa" & with suffix "Nic" & "In". The word Dushi means impure or possessing the property to vitiate.

Symptoms
Appear intoxication after taking food, indigestion, anorexia, patches, allergic rashes, mental confusion, depletion of Dhatu, oedema in feet, hands and faces, ascities, vomiting, diarrhoea, discolouration, fainting, intermittent fever or severe thirst, some causes insanity, other causes hardness of bowels, other diminishes semen, other produces muffled voice while other causes kustha and respective disorders of various type. Acharya Charaka describe that the artificial poison vitiating the blood causes ulcers and keloids and the poison, vitiating gradually one after another of the body elements, and kill the man ultimately. The person troubled by this will develop stammering speech, vertigo & accompanied with symptoms of dusyodara. Dushivisa produces pustules, kitibha & urticarial rashes due to disorder of blood. Thus poi-son takes away life soon by affecting each dosa.

Systemic effect of Dushi visha
One suffering from Dushi visha passes liquid stool of abnormal colour has foul smell and tasteless in mouth, thirst, fainting, vomiting muffled voice and symptoms of toxicity and dushyaudara. If it is in stomach, the poison suffers from disorders of kapha and vata if located in intestines, then causes disorder caused by vata and pitta. In these cases, hair fall off and limbs drops drown and the person becomes like a bird without wings. It produces the disorder related to Rasa Dhatu respectively.

Samprapti (Pathogenesis)
The Samprapti of the chemical toxicity of cosmetics has not been mentioned clearly in the classics but it may be somewhat correlated with Samprapti of Dushi  Onchrosis is an adverse effect of HQ with progressive darkening of area of skin.

DISCUSSION:
The toxicity is nothing but the degree which a substance can harm human beings or animals. Chronic toxicity refers to the ability of a toxic substance to cause harmful effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or continuous expo-sure. After exposure to the body some of the ingredient of this cosmetic substance does not get completely eliminated from the body & in due course of time, this repeated accumulation lead to cumulative toxicity. The clinical features developed due the prolong exposure similar to the dushivisa. According to Acharya sushrut dushivisa produces indigestion, anorexia, eruption of circular patches on the skin, urticaria, mental con-fusion, dhatukashya, oedema on the face & extremities, ascites, vomiting, diarrhoea, discolouration, fainting, intermittent high grade fever & unquenchable thirst. Some poisons produce insanity, abdominal distension, Shukra Kshya, muffled voice while other causes Kustha & respective disorders of various type. The long-term use of above discussed cosmetics produces various toxic effects & complications. They causes respiratory irritation, nervous disturbances, contact dermatitis, allergies, damage of skin DNA, skin cancer, asthma, ovarian cancer, endocrine disruptions, developmental problems, disturbance of hormone system, birth defects like cleft palate, undescended testis or delayed development, thyroid function disorders, early sexual development in young girls, low sperm count in males, walking & speech problems, memory loss, mood disturbances, sleep disorders, damage of liver, kidneys, nervous system, hair loss, bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast cancer, temper turbulences, sleep maladies .

CONCLUSION:
From above discussion we can conclude that as per Ayurveda Dushivisha can be correlate with cumulative toxicity. Dushivisha is not acute condition its effect seen gradually on the body if it is accumulated in the body frequently. It definitely produce the toxic effect in the body. Dushivisha shows various types of toxic symptoms & disorders on different systems of the body which mainly includes skin, G.I tract, nervous system & many more. Cosmetics can be embraced under the cumulative type of toxicity. Long term use of cosmetics gives rise to hazardous toxic effect & multiple system disorders. So we can correlate the chronic toxicity of the cosmetics with the Dushivisha. Thus in today's day to day life we must use cosmetics very cautiously so as to avoid their lethal & harmful toxic effect on the body.