DESIGN FOR CONNECTING SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURES WITH SENSOR WEB (SENSDI)

Integrating Sensor Web With Spatial Data Infrastructures (SENSDI) aims to extend SDIs with sensor web enablement, converging geospatial and built infrastructure, and implement test cases with sensor data and SDI. It is about research to harness the sensed environment by utilizing domain specific sensor data to create a generalized sensor webframework. The challenges being semantic enablement for Spatial Data Infrastructures, and connecting the interfaces of SDI with interfaces of Sensor Web. The proposed research plan is to Identify sensor data sources, Setup an open source SDI, Match the APIs and functions between Sensor Web and SDI, and Case studies like hazard applications, urban applications etc. We take up co-operative development of SDI best practices to enable a new realm of a location enabled and semantically enriched World Wide Web the "Geospatial Web" or "Geosemantic Web" by setting up one to one correspondence between WMS, WFS, WCS, Metadata and 'Sensor Observation Service' (SOS); 'Sensor Planning Service' (SPS); 'Sensor Alert Service' (SAS); a service that facilitates asynchronous message interchange between users and services, and between two OGC-SWE services, called the 'Web Notification Service' (WNS). Hence in conclusion, it is of importance to geospatial studies to integrate SDI with Sensor Web. The integration can be done through merging the common OGC interfaces of SDI and Sensor Web. Multi-usability studies to validate integration has to be undertaken as future research.


Introduction
Location is everywhere and "everywhen".For centuries, philosophers and academicians have understood that humans are spatial/temporal beings.Everything we do happens somewhere and "somewhen" [1][2].Almost every decision that an individual or organization makes has some geospatial component.Almost any piece of information stored in a database has a location attribute.We are fast approaching the technical means to track, measure, capture, analyze, and database the location element for human and other activity, including the movements of any individual or object in space.There are at once both huge benefits and serious implications associated with such a technical capability.Many SDI projects are faced with developing policies and approaches to dealing with maximizing the benefits and minimizing the impacts of potential wastefulness [3][4][5].The technology infrastructure, the geospatially enabled internet and Web, enables the ability to capture, communicate and process location The state of the art in this area are some ongoing activities that are defining architectures and best practices for integrating sensor networks and observed data into existing and new SDI applications.SANY (Sensor Systems Anywhere) is an example [9][10][11] describing a possible concept.The SANY Framework Programme 6 (FP6) integrated project focuses on interoperability of in-situ sensors and sensor networks.
The SANY architecture will provide a quick and cost-efficient way to reuse of data and services from currently incompatible sensor-and datasources.The SANY activity will deliver: • Standard service-oriented architecture for environmental sensor networks.SANY services shall be self-describing and capable of seamless "plug and measure" and sharing ("virtual networks").
• Reference implementations of re-usable sensor-and domain-agnostic services, including decision support and generalized data fusion services.
• Three innovative risk management applications covering the areas of air pollution, marine risks and geo hazards.Some other activities in progress are [12][13][14][15].But these projects are mostly into architecture phase not thinking in terms of a broad scaled SDI and Sensor Web.The application phase is still far-off.SENSDI can have a real edge over the currently under development projects of similar kind in terms of impact on urban development, hazard management and mitigation, digital mapping etc [16][17][18][19].

1.1.Research Gaps:
• Traditional data publishers, mapping agencies, cadastral agencies, which are used to serving a professional market in a particular way, have largely developed the SDIs thereby short-sighting it.• Limited in taking hints from the broader web i.e. internet.• Vision of a truly location based "geospatial web".• Importance of location at all levels of the internet stack.• New best practices are emerging and rapidly evolving government, businesses, academia and citizens.
• SDI community is in position to reap significant benefits from new developments as well as driving the maturation of the Geospatial Web.

Main Goals
• Extend SDIs with sensor web enablement.
• Converging geospatial and built infrastructure.• Implement test cases with sensor data and SDI.• Harnessing the sensed environment.
• Utilizing domain specific sensor data.
• Semantic Enablement for Spatial Data Infrastructures.• Connecting the interfaces of SDI with interfaces of Sensor Web.

Description:
The concept of the "sensor web" is a type of sensor network that is especially well suited for environmental monitoring.The phrase "sensor web" is also associated with a sensing system which heavily utilizes the World Wide Web [20][21][22] 2.2 Problems that will be addressed: • Identify readily useable sensor data sources / sensor web architecture.
• Setup an open source SDI.
• Match the APIs and functions between Sensor Web and SDI.
• Case studies like hazard applications, urban applications etc.
2.3 Methodology to be used: 2.3.1 The concepts of Sensor Web could be understood as: • a service for retrieving sensor 'observation' data and meta-information, the so-called 'Sensor Observation Service' (SOS); • a service for sensor planning and executing tasks, called the 'Sensor Planning Service' (SPS); • a service that allows users to subscribe to specific alert types, known as the 'Sensor Alert Service' (SAS); a • a service that facilitates asynchronous message interchange between users and services, and between two OGC-SWE services, called the 'Web Notification Service' (WNS).

And that of SDI:
Fig. 1 : APIs of SDI that integrate to outside frameworks.It is necessary to have a one-to-one correspondence between the elements mentioned in 2.3.1 and 2.3.2.A possible environment for establishing such interfaces could be GeoServer and GeoNode which provide an OGC compatible data store that can speak WMS, WFS, WCS and others in common formats like GML, GeoJSON, KML and GeoTiff [30][31][32][33].
Pointed out in Fig. 2 it can be connected to different spatial backends including PostGIS, Oracle Spatial, ArcSDE and others.The Catalog: GeoNetwork: GeoNetwork provides a standard catalog and search interface based on OGC standards.It is used via the CSW interface to create and update records when they are accessed in GeoNode.The Map Composer: GeoNode Client : The main map interface for GeoNode is the Map Composer / Editor.It talks to the other components via HTTP and JSON as well as standard OGC services [34][35][36].

METHODOLOGY
SDI advancements coupled with continued advancements of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and related standards are carrying us toward a "next level" of capability.What started as cooperative development of SDI best practices is evolving to enable a new realm of a location enabled and semantically enriched World Wide Websome refer to as the "Geospatial Web" or "Geosemantic Web".The SDI community is in the position to reap significant benefits from new developments as well as driving the maturation of the Geospatial Web [36][37][38].Fig. 3 : APIs from Sensor Web that enable integration with outside frameworks.
Critical decision making relies not only on the ability to fuse and apply core geospatial information, but also the ability to discover, access and apply real time information from sensors and sensor networks as shown in Fig. 3.A plethora of information about the quality of our land, air and water, weather, climate and natural and man-made risks can be harnessed by seamless and rapid access to sensors.In addition, sensors are critical components of building, transportation, utility and industry infrastructure.The ability to harness and render this information in a location context is a major challenge.Until recently though, there were no facilitating standards to make it easier to discover, access and integrate this information.The concept of plug-ins to interact amongst themselves from one framework to another makes the integration of SDI and sensor web possible (Fig. 4a and b).The web enablement is shown in Fig. 4a where the architecture to capture geospatial elements and transmitting over the web is taken care of by webGIS standards and the open interfaces are utilized for latching on to the sensor network through a set of GML Clients as shown in Fig. 4b.Therefore, a consistent set of encoding and interface standards are mandatory for adapting and integrating sensor networks into an SDI application [21][22][23][24][25][35][36][37][38].
Expected users will be scientists developing systems like EU INSPIRE directives, OGC, ISO, public users and other agencies.Very attractive market and research & academic scope in spatial developments.Applicable to virtually all activities of commerce and governance.SensorWeb and SDI are going to keep expanding in the next decade.It is envisioned that sensors are going to be so ubiquitous that like the WWW the addition of vast amount of sensors will keep happening like new data sources of present internet.The concept of SENSDI has to keep evolving step by step in the years to come to help overall development of a nation. Defense application of analyzing different sensor data. Health applications of medical sensor data. Climate change studies globally. Open publications. Open City Day SENSDI demonstrations for public. Online documentations and guidelines.