RF measurements I: signal receiving techniques

Caspers, F.

doi:10.5170/CERN-2011-007.407

Article
Report number	arXiv:1201.3247
Title	RF measurements I: signal receiving techniques
Author(s)	Caspers, F. (CERN)
Imprint	17 Jan 2012. - 24 p.
Note	Comments: 24 pages, contribution to the CAS - CERN Accelerator School: Specialised Course on RF for Accelerators; 8 - 17 Jun 2010, Ebeltoft, Denmark 24 pages, contribution to the CAS - CERN Accelerator School: Specialised Course on RF for Accelerators/ 8 - 17 Jun 2010, Ebeltoft, Denmark
In:	CAS - CERN Accelerator School: RF for Accelerators, pp.407-430
DOI	10.5170/CERN-2011-007.407
Subject category	Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract	For the characterization of components, systems and signals in the RF and microwave range, several dedicated instruments are in use. In this paper the fundamentals of the RF-signal sampling technique, which has found widespread applications in 'digital' oscilloscopes and sampling scopes, are discussed. The key element in these front-ends is the Schottky diode which can be used either as an RF mixer or as a single sampler. The spectrum analyser has become an absolutely indispensable tool for RF signal analysis. Here the front-end is the RF mixer as the RF section of modern spectrum analysers has a rather complex architecture. The reasons for this complexity and certain working principles as well as limitations are discussed. In addition, an overview of the development of scalar and vector signal analysers is given. For the determination of the noise temperature of a one-port and the noise figure of a two-port, basic concepts and relations are shown. A brief discussion of commonly used noise measurement techniques concludes the paper.
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