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Ham, Jang, Choi, Oh, Jo, Choi, and Pak: Epidemiological Characterization of Respiratory Viruses Detected from Acute Respiratory Patients in Seoul
Original Article

Ann Clin Microbiol 2013;16(4):188-195.

Published online: 5 December 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5145/ACM.2013.16.4.188

Epidemiological Characterization of Respiratory Viruses Detected from Acute Respiratory Patients in Seoul

Heejin Ham1, 2, Jungim Jang1, Sungsun Choi1, Seah Oh1, Sukju Jo1, Sungmin Choi1, Sonil Pak2

1Seoul Metropolitan Government Institute of Public Health & Environment, Gwacheon, Korea

2Kangwon National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea

Correspondence: Heejin Ham, Seoul Metropolitan Government Institute of Public Health & Environment, 30, Janggunmaeul 3-gil, Gwacheon 427-070, Korea. (Tel) 82-2-570-3426, (Fax) 82-2-570-3275, (E-mail) hhj3814@seoul.go.kr

Received 3 July 201317 October 2013       Accepted 18 October 2013

Copyright © 2013 The Korean Society of Clinical Microbiology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

초록

Background

Viruses that cause acute respiratory infection include adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus A and B (RSV(A), RSV(B)), influenza virus A and B (FluA, FluB), parainfluenza virus 1, 2 and 3 (PIV1, PIV2, PIV3), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human coronavirus (hCoV), human rhinovirus (hRV), and enterovirus, among others.

Methods

Viral incidence was evaluated in acute respiratory patients in Seoul, Korea from 2010 to 2012. A total of 2,544 oropharyngeal swab specimens were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. RNA viruses (hRV, PIV, RSV, hCoV, and hMPV) and DNA viruses (ADV and bocavirus) were detected using the one-step reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) premix kit (SolGent, Korea) from January 2010 to June 2011, and using the real-time PCR kit (Kogenebiotech, Korea) from July 2011 to December 2012.

Results

Thirty-two percent (813/2,544) of specimens were positive; 31.9% (294/923) in 2010, 31.4% (232/ 738) in 2011, and 32.5% (287/883) in 2012. The most frequently isolated virus was hRV (40.7%, 331/813), followed by ADV (23.9%, 194/813), RSV (14.1%, 115/ 813), PIV (12.3%, 100/813), and hCoV (8.7%, 71/813). PIV1 was the most commonly isolated PIV, followed by PIV3 and PIV2, respectively. hCo OC43 was the most commonly isolated hCoV, followed by hCoV NL63 and hCoV 229E, respectively.

Conclusion

Information on respiratory viruses circu-lating in Seoul, Korea over the last three years will be helpful in the management of acute respiratory infections, and for larger-scale epidemiological studies.

Keywords: Polymerase chain reaction, Respiratory tract infections, Seoul, Viruses

REFERENCES

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Table 1.
Respiratory viruses tested and their sizes of PCR products
Viruses Size (base pairs)
Adenovirus 458 bp
Human bocavirus 347 bp
Human rhinovirus 380 bp
Parainfluenza virus  
  PIV1 399 bp
  PIV2 196 bp
  PIV3 273 bp
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV(A), (B)) 577 bp
Human coronavirus  
  hCo(229E) 574 bp
  hCo(OC43) 334 bp
  Human metapneumovirus 930 bp
Table 2.
Yearly distributions of viruses detected from patients with acute respiratory infection from 2010 to 2012 in Seoul by periodic surveillance
Years Numbers of samples Numbers of respiratory viruses (%)
2010 923 294 (31.9)
2011 738 232 (31.4)
2012 883 287 (32.5)
Total 2,544 813 (32.0)
Table 3.
Distributions of viruses detected from patients with acute respiratory infection by age from from 2010 to 2012 in Seoul by periodic surveillance
Years (n=sample numbers)　 　 Viruses Positive numbers Positive % Ages
0-2 3-6 7-13 14-19 20-49 50-64 ≥65 Unknown
2010 Adeno 104 11.3 33 51 10 1 7      
(n=923) Boca 19 2.1 14 2     1      
PIV RSV 2740 2.94.3 1419 612 13 2 32 1    
hCo 29 3.1 14 8     6 1    
hRV 88 9.5 44 14 4 6 13 1    
hMPV 25 2.7 11 8 1 1 3      
Subtotal 332 36.0 149 101 19 10 35 3   15
n=923     251 226 127 28 259 16 2 14
2011 Adeno 39 5.3 9 13 1 1 10 1 1  
(n=738) Boca 15 2.0 8 2 1 1 2      
PIV 22 3.0 8 11   1 1   1  
RSV 41 5.6 23 14   1 2      
hCo 20 2.7 5 1 2   10 2    
hRV 105 14.2 46 29 11   17 3 1  
hMPV 7 0.9 2 2 1   2      
Subtotal 249 33.7 101 72 16 4 44 6 3 3
n=738     201 183 93 38 191 22 5 5
2012 Adeno 51 5.8 18 25 8   1      
(n=883) Boca 15 1.7 8 7     4      
PIV 51 5.8 18 19 3   4 2 2  
RSV 34 3.9 24 7     3      
hCo 22 2.5 8 7 2 1 4      
hRV 138 15.6 49 41 8 2 22 2    
hMPV 6 0.7 1 1     4      
Subtotal 317 35.9 126 107 21 3 42 4 2 12
n=883     144 192 98 24 198 36 10 181
Total Adeno 194 7.6 60 89 19 2 18 1 1  
(n=2,544) Boca 49 1.9 30 11 1 1 7      
PIV 100 3.9 40 36 4 3 8 2 3  
RSV 115 4.5 66 33 3 1 7 1    
hCo 71 2.8 27 16 4 1 20 3    
hRV 331 13.0 139 84 23 8 52 6 1  
hMPV 38 1.5 14 11 2 1 9      
Total 898∗ 35.3 376 280 56 17 121 13 5 30
      (14.8%) (11.0%) (2.2%) (0.7%) (4.8%) (0.5%) (0.2%) (1.2%)
n=2,544     596 601 318 90 648 74 17 200

∗ The difference of 813 and 898 was caused by duplex positive numbers 85.

Abbreviations: Adeno, adenovirus; Boca, human bocavirus; PIV, parainfluenzavirus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; hCo, human coronavirus; hRV, human rhinovirus; hMPV, human metapneumovirus.

Table 4.
Yearly distribution of parainfluenza viruses detected from patients with acute respiratory virus infection
Respiratory viruses Years Total
2010 2011 2012
Sample numbers 923 738 883 2,544
Parainfluenza virus (PIV)        
  PIV1 13 4 27 44
  PIV2   12 2 14
  PIV3 14 6 22 42
Total 27 22 51 100
  (2.9%) (3.0%) (5.8%) (3.9%)
Table 5.
Yearly distribution of human coronavirus (hCoV) detecte from patients with acute respiratory virus infection
Respiratory viruses Years Total
2010 2011 2012
Sample numbers 923 738 883 2,544
Human coronavirus (hCoV)
  hCo 229E 6 7   13
  hCo NL63 11 5 5 21
  hCo OC43 12 8 17 37
Total 29 20 22 71
  (3.1%) (2.7%) (2.5%) (2.8%)
Table 6.
Yearly distribution of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detected from patients with acute respiratory virus infection
Respiratory viruses Years Total
2010 2011 2012
Sample numbers 923 738 883 2,544
Respiratory syncytial virus        
(RSV)        
  RSV 40 10   50
  RSV(A)   31 33 64
  RSV(A)     3 3
Total 40 41 36 117
  (4.3%) (5.6%) (4.1%) (4.6%)
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