Formulation and Evaluation of Moisturising Herbal Cold Cream

: Herbal cosmetics are the preparations are used to beautify and enhance the human appearances. The aim of the present research was to formulate and evaluate the herbal cold containing plant extracts prepared by using water in oil method for the purpose of nourishing and moistening the skin. The cold cream is prepared by using the neem oil and almond oil. Quality evaluation of the formulated product was assessed by using different evaluation methods. No change of the physical properties was observed in formulated cream. The formulated cream showed good consistency and spread ability, homogeneity, pH, no evidence of phase separation during study period of research. Stability parameters like visual appearance, nature, viscosity and fragrance of the formulated cream showed that there was no significant variation during the study period of research. The herbal extract containing cold cream gives the cooling and soothing effect due to slow evaporation of water present in the emulsion. The cold creams are more moisturizing as they provide an oily barrier which reduces the water loss from the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. They are water-in-oil emulsion and intended for application on skin or accessible mucous membrane to provide localized and sometimes systemic effect at the site of application.


I. INTRODUCTION
Cosmetics are the products which are generally used to beautify the skin and also to purify the skin . The cosmetics are the word derived from Greek word -'kosmesticos' which means to adorn. Cold cream is the water in oil emulsion . Cold cream gives the prolonged contact time in the site of application as compared to the other semisolid dosage form or formulation. They give elegancy to the skin and it is not that much greasy. Due to the oil phase, it gives an emollience to the skin. The function of the cold cream is for restoring moisture to dry skin, it allows to eliminate the waste materials from the pores and also cools the body . It is easily watered washable and easy to wash away. They are non-irritating when applied on the skin. The water phase gives extra conservation to the skin. It gets liquefy at body temperature. It gets penetrated via the epidermis of the skin via the natural pores. More recently anti-aging creams have been manufactured which can retain younger looking skin for many years. The best cleansing agents are cleansing creams, soap and water. Cream is defined as semisolid emulsions which are oil in water (o/w) or water in oil (w/o) type and these semisolid emulsions are intended for external application. Cream is classified as oil in water and water in oil emulsion. It is applied on outer part or superficial part of the skin and its main ability is to remain for a longer period of time at the site of application. The function of a skin cream is to protect the skin against different environmental condition, weather and gives soothing effect to the skin. There are different types of creams like cleansing, cold, foundation, vanishing, night, massage, hand and body creams. The main aim of our work is to develop a herbal cream which can give multipurpose effect, like moisturizer, reduce acne and skin irritation, reduce skin diseases like eczema, psoriasis, dry skin, wrinkles, rashes etc. and also adding glow to the face. We have used two herbal ingredients in our preparation which are Neem, Almond. Aloe Vera gel is used as a moisturizer, to reduce pimples and acne and also used for treatment of burn wounds. Neem is used as an antifungal and anti-inflammatory and it is also used to reduce scar, pigmentation, redness and itching of the skin.From that time the materials which are used to promoting appearances or to beautify the skin are called as cosmetics. From ancient time till now people are still using polyherbal or herbal cosmetics for the beautification of skin. Cold cream is the water in oil emulsion. Cold cream gives the prolonged contact time in the site of application as compared to the other semisolid dosage form or formulation. They give elegancy to the skin and it is not that much greasy. Due to the oil phase, it gives an emollience to the skin. The function of the cold cream is for restoring moisture to dry skin, it allows to eliminate the waste materials from the pores and also cools the body. It is easily watered washable and easy to wash away. They are non conservation to the skin. It gets liquefy at body temperat natural pores.
The skin is the body's largest organ. It covers the entire body. It serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury and infection. The skin also:  Regulates body temperature  Stores water and fat  Is a sensory organ  Prevents water loss  Prevents entry of bacteria  Acts as a barrier between the organism and its environment  Helps to make vitamin D when exposed to the sun Advantages of Herbal Cold Cream 1. It Prevents ageing and dehydration of skin. 2. As cold creams contain enough amount of water and oil, they keep skin safe from the rough environments. 3. They also keep skin moisturized and safe 4. Cold creams are designed to remove makeup and smooth the skin 5. Medicated cold cream is mainly used as topical pharmaceutical dosage form for the treatment of skin. 6. To help in the maintenance of moisture balance of skin and avoid rough skin co uses of cold cream (non-medicated). 7. As cleansing preparation to remove make 8. To provide an emollient effect and oily protective layer on the skin 9. Also, provide a chemical barrier as with sunblock ingredients 10. As a carrier for drug substances such as diflucortolone valerate in medicated cream. Cold cream is the water in oil emulsion. Cold cream gives the prolonged contact time in the site of application the other semisolid dosage form or formulation. They give elegancy to the skin and it is not that much greasy. Due to the oil phase, it gives an emollience to the skin. The function of the cold cream is for restoring moisture minate the waste materials from the pores and also cools the body. It is easily watered washable and easy to wash away. They are non-irritating when applied on the skin. The water phase gives extra conservation to the skin. It gets liquefy at body temperature. It gets penetrated via the epidermis of the skin via the II. HUMAN SKIN The skin is the body's largest organ. It covers the entire body. It serves as a protective shield against heat, light, injury Acts as a barrier between the organism and its environment Helps to make vitamin D when exposed to the sun Prevents ageing and dehydration of skin. As cold creams contain enough amount of water and oil, they keep skin safe from the rough environments. They also keep skin moisturized and safe from damages. remove makeup and smooth the skin. Medicated cold cream is mainly used as topical pharmaceutical dosage form for the treatment of skin. To help in the maintenance of moisture balance of skin and avoid rough skin conditions. It is one of the basic medicated). As cleansing preparation to remove make-up. To provide an emollient effect and oily protective layer on the skin Also, provide a chemical barrier as with sunblock ingredients.
carrier for drug substances such as diflucortolone valerate in medicated cream.  C. Borax Borax, combined with wax, is used in many cosmetic products like creams, gels, and lotions. It is famously used in hand soaps to help wash off the oil or grease from the hands. Borax's alkaline nature makes it a perfect ingredient in cleansers and toners.In cosmetic products, borax is sometimes used as an emulsifier, buffering agent, or preservative for moisturizing products, creams, shampoos, gels, lotions, bath bombs, scrubs, and bath salts. Borax is also an ingredient combined with glue and water to make "slime," a gooey material that many kids enjoy playing with.Right from creams and body lotions to shampoos, bath gels and even the in-vogue bath bombs, just about every product associated with skincare has Borax as one of its components. Given its mild and antiseptic nature, quite a few natural cosmetic products tend to include Borax as an essential ingredient as well.

Fig 4: Borax
D. Beewax Ability to Protect from Irritants-Beeswax can also act as a layer of protection when applied to the skin. It can protect skin from environmental irritants and extreme weather. Promotion of Hair Growth-Beeswax not only moisturizes and soothes hair, but it can keep moisture from getting out of the hair.Beeswax can create a protective layer on the skin. It's also a humectant, which means that it attracts water. Both of these qualities can help the skin stay hydrated. Beeswax is also a natural exfoliator, ideal for sloughing away dead skin cell.Beeswax heals and softens skin, and is an antibacterial agent. It can help you fight conditions like acne, dry skin, eczema, and stretch marks. Our raw beeswax can help you create your own skin care moisturizers and lotions specially formulated just for you. E. Rose Water Rose water is especially hydrating when combined with other moisturizing ingredients, such as ceramides or glycerin. "These help to moisturize the skin, protect the skin barrier and prevent further water loss from the skin," says Allawh. However, it shouldn't replace your current moisturizer.Rose water has been used as a beauty product for thousands of years, so it's no surprise that it can improve your complexion and reduce skin redness. The antibacterial properties may help reduce acne. The anti-inflammatory properties can reduce skin redness and puffiness.Rose Water Maintains the Skin's Natural pH Balance. Chemically produced soaps and cleansers disrupt the pH balance of our skin, making it prone to bacteria that cause various skin conditions like rashes and acne. This property helps rose water restore the skin to its normal pH level  First, one of its most popular uses is as a makeup remover. The thick oils are able to gently melt makeup and dirt away, allowing it to be removed with minimal damage, rubbing or scrubbing. Similarly, some find it effective as a primer for cosmetic foundations as it smooths the skin and allows makeup to be applied more evenly across the face. Since it removes makeup without water, Kelly says it even is a great product to take camping or on road trips where you may be away from your bathroom sink or shower! Lastly, cold creams can also be effective as a lip balm, body lotion, or even a shaving cream. Using a cold cream on your lips helps lock in vital moisture and provide hydration throughout the day to the sensitive skin on the lips. Likewise, applying a moisturizing cold cream to your body delivers the same intense hydration that the cream is designed to provide to your face but to your arms, legs, back, and hands.

Cold Cream Benefits
The benefits of cold cream are quite simple. By design, cold cream is meant to topically moisturize the skin, so anyone looking to boost the hydration of their skin can benefit from using this product. However, those with particularly sensitive skin or dry, itchy skin will benefit the most from using it daily to improve the texture and appearance of their complexion. These effects are likely the result of the cold cream's ability to help restore the skin's effectiveness as a natural barrier to the environment, something that is lost when your skin is too dry.

V. EVALUATION OF HERBAL COID CREAM 4Morphological Evaluation
 Physical properties: The cream was observed for the color, odor and appearance.
Physicochemical Evaluation:- Washability: The cream was applied on the hand and observed under the running .  pH: The pH meter was calibrated with the help of standard buffer solution. Weigh 0.5 gm of cream dissolved it in 50.0ml of distilled water and its p H was measured with the help of digital pH meter.  Viscosity: Viscosity of the cream was determined with the help of Brookfield viscometer at 100 rpm with the spindle no.  Spread ability test : The cream sample was applied between the two glass slides and was compressed between the two-glass slide to uniform thickness by placing 100 gm. of weight for 5 minutes then weight was added to the weighing pan. The time in which the upper glass slide moved over the lower slide was taken as a measure of spread ability. Spread ability=m *l/t Where M =weight tight to upper slide L =length moved on the glass slide T =time take  Irritancy test: Mark an area (1 sq.cm) on the left-hand dorsal surface. The cream was applied to the specified area and time was noted. Irritancy, erythema, edema, was checked if any for regular intervals up to 24 hrs. and reported.
 Test for microbial growth: Agar media was prepared then the formulated cream was inoculated on the plate's agar media by steak plate method and a controlled is prepared by omitting the cream. The plates were placed in the incubator and are incubated in 37 0 C for 24 hours. After the incubation period, the plates were taken out and the microbial growth were checked and compared with the control.  Dye test: The scarlet red dye is mixed with the cream. Place a drop of the cream on a microscopic slide then covers it with a cover slip, and examines it under a microscope. If the disperse globules appear red the ground colorless. The cream is o/w type. The reverse condition occurs in w/o type cream i.e. the disperse globules appear colorless.  Homogeneity: Homogeneity was tested via the visual appearance and test.
VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Following evaluation parameters were performed to ensure superiority of prepared cold cream 6.1 Morphological Evaluation Herbal cold cream was evaluated for morphological parameters showed in the Table 2. The color of formulation was yellowish. The odor of prepared formulations was pleasant and good acceptable which is desirable to cosmetic formulations. Texture and smoothness were acceptable as per requirement of cosmetic formulations.  Table 3. The pH of the cream was found to be in range of 5.6 to 6.8 which is good for skin pH. The herbal formulation was shown pH nearer to skin required i.e. pH 6.65  Washability: Washability test was carried out by applying a small amount of cream on thehand and then washing it with tap water.  Viscosity: Viscosity of cream was done by using Brooke field viscometer at a temperature of 25 ℃ using spindle No. 63 at 2.5 RPM. According to the results all the three formulations showed adequate viscosity.  Test for microbial growth: There was no signs of microbial growth after 24 hrs. of incubation a 37ºC and it was comparable with the control.