Towards Secure E-Voting Using Blockchain

Voting in this country is the most tedious job to be handled, involving all kinds of corrupted and illegal deeds. Elections in India are conducted exclusively using EVM’s developed over the past two decades by a group of government-owned companies. These devices, known in India as EVMs, have been adopted greatly for their simple design, ease of conduct, and robustness. However, recently they have also been marked prey following widespread reports of election irregularities. Despite this criticism, many details of the mechanism have never been publicly discussed, and they have not been subjected to a stringent, independent security evaluation. We conclude that in spite of the machines’ simplicity and software trusted computing base, they are vulnerable to indigenous attacks that can modify election results and violate the law of the election commission. Most of the attacks done are physical, by changing the electricals, but if the machine is connected real time to a cloud server and involves an independent screen which shows the confirmation of choice symbolically before placing the final vote, it can help in detecting problems and maintain the integrity of the system.


I. INTRODUCTION
Blockchain technology has primarily been used to store data and the major advantage of this technology is the inertia of the data. This technology was initially implemented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 to imbibe the concept of cryptocurrency (or) bitcoins as a medium of secure electronic exchange of money. According to this technology the data once stored, a hash is generated, the following block stores this hash so as to form a chain of links between the data blocks. The hash generated is calculated from the data and any change in data causes the hash to change. The Proof-of-Work technology which is a part of the Blockchain technology, helps in preventing the modification of data by limiting the hashing rate. Hence, only a certain limited number of blocks can be created or modified at a time, hence lowering the chances of corruption. Moreover, the hashing in this case requires to be done at every peer node individually to be accepted by all the peers else it is rejected.
A blockchain is an audit trail for a database which is managed by a network of computers where no single computer is responsible for storing or maintaining the database, and any computer may enter or leave this network at any time without jeopardizing the integrity or availability of the database. Any computer can rebuild the database from scratch by downloading the blockchain and processing the audit trail. The blockchain is a digital platform for digital assets. It consists of a continuously growing list of records known as blocks that are linked and secured using cryptography. Major usage of Blockchain has been in all cryptocurrency transactions, mainly Bitcoin. However, they are increasingly being used in a number of other applications because of their inherent resistance to modification to the transaction/block/whole distributed ledger -Blockchain. One such application is Electronic Voting. We will review some of the variety of blockchain technologies that are usable, scalable and secure, fit for Electronic Voting Application The simple explanation is a 'chain' of blocks. A block is an aggregated set of data. Data are collected and processed to fit in a block through a process called mining. Each block could be identified using a cryptographic hash (also known as a digital fingerprint). The block formed will contain a hash of the previous block, so that blocks can form a chain from the first block ever (known as the Genesis Block) to the formed block. In this way, all the data could be connected via a linked list structure.
Ethereum is an open platform that enables developers to build and deploy decentralized applications such as smart contracts and other complex legal and financial applications. You can think of Ethereum as a programmable Bitcoin where developers can use the underlying blockchain to create markets, shared ledgers, digital organizations, and other endless possibilities that need immutable data and agreements, all without the need for a middleman. Released in 2015, Ethereum is the brainchild of the prodigious Vitalik Buterin, who saw the potential uses of Bitcoin's underlying blockchain technology as the next steps in furthering the expansion of the blockchain community. Ethereum is now currently the cryptocurrency with the second highest coin market cap and is expected by some to surpass Bitcoin as both a valued investment and as the world's most popular cryptocurrency.

II. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE
It may help to establish e-voting systems as a reliables tool to conduct elections, already extensive research has been proposed. This project proposes an analysis of existing e-voting schemes along with their scopes and limitations.
 It satisfies the user requirement.  Be easy to understand by the voter and operator.  Have a good user interface.  User friendly. The objectives of the systems development and event management are: 1. It provides fault-tolerance, immutability, transparency and full traceability of the stored transaction records, as well as coherent digital representations of physical assets and autonomous transaction executions. 2. It is essential for the stored records to be tamper-proof, while the best case would be if each actor issuing transactions could do that without relying on any centralized third-party intermediary.
III. LITERATURE SURVEY Existing System consist of methods like ballot paper-based voting, Lever voting machine, Punch card and EVM voting machine. The main problem with existing system was time consuming which used to take lot of time for voting. Paper based voting method were used in existing system which also gave the results of fake voting. Also, with EVM based voting there is lot of argument like EVM was hacked, So, such type of system is harmer for democracy country. Disadvantages of Existing System:  Lot of paper work required. The potential of the blockchain technology and its usefulness in the e-voting scheme. The blockchain will be publicly verifiable and distributed in a way that no one will be able to corrupt it. The proposed system has been designed and implements successfully using blockchain and fingerprint. The proposed system has the benefit of using a biometric authentication and controls the process of things like rigging, ballot papers, casings etc.
We are going to design a system which is more secure, robust, and highly acceptable, more accurate and decentralized. So that no one can change anything in system, trust can be bu voting in blockchain. In our system, the admin can assign gas value to each voter for only one vote. Before assign gas value to voter and after giving the vote, the voter cannot vote in the system. Once voter can vote t will uploaded on IPFS server and IPFS server generates the hash for that vote and that hash will maintained by Ethereum. In IPFS data are stored content-addressed and immutable, they can be complicated to edit. IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system has been designed and implements successfully using blockchain and fingerprint. The proposed system has the benefit of using a biometric authentication and controls the process of voting avoiding unnecessary things like rigging, ballot papers, casings etc.
We are going to design a system which is more secure, robust, and highly acceptable, more accurate and decentralized. So that no one can change anything in system, trust can be built by everyone. We are developing e voting in blockchain. In our system, the admin can assign gas value to each voter for only one vote. Before assign gas value to voter and after giving the vote, the voter cannot vote in the system. Once voter can vote t will uploaded on IPFS server and IPFS server generates the hash for that vote and that hash will maintained by addressed and immutable, they can be complicated to edit.
No fake voting because of fingerprint. Transparency should be maintained.
Avoids invalid voting as it prevents unregistered voters from voting. Time conscious, less time required for voting & counting. system allows only authenticated voting than the existing equipment as the person is identified based on his Fingerprint which is unique to each individual.
V. METHODOLOGY The proposed system has been designed and implements successfully using blockchain and fingerprint. The proposed voting avoiding unnecessary We are going to design a system which is more secure, robust, and highly acceptable, more accurate and ilt by everyone. We are developing evoting in blockchain. In our system, the admin can assign gas value to each voter for only one vote. Before assign gas value to voter and after giving the vote, the voter cannot vote in the system. Once voter can vote the data of the vote will uploaded on IPFS server and IPFS server generates the hash for that vote and that hash will maintained by addressed and immutable, they can be complicated to edit. system allows only authenticated voting than the existing equipment as the person is identified based on www.ijarsct.co.in Initially if the user is new then he/she needs to register and registered then the system will ask for his credentials for verification. If the OTP is invalid then the process will stop else if the verification is successful then the system will ask for use' the system will stop. After successful verification of fingerprint, the system will check gas value. The admin can assign gas value to each voter for only one vote and if the gas value is not available t of gas value, blockchain uses digital signature (SHA256) algorithm to maintain/verify integrity of the data, this will encrypt the data. Once voter can vote, the data of the vote will be uploaded on IPFS server and the hash for that vote and that hash will be maintained by Ethereum. At the end the status of the vote will get updated in the database.
Initially if the user is new then he/she needs to register and the data will be stored in the database and if he is already registered then the system will ask for his credentials for verification. If the OTP is invalid then the process will stop else if the verification is successful then the system will ask for use's fingerprint. If the fingerprint doesn't match then the system will stop. After successful verification of fingerprint, the system will check gas value. The admin can assign gas value to each voter for only one vote and if the gas value is not available then the system stops. On the availability of gas value, blockchain uses digital signature (SHA256) algorithm to maintain/verify integrity of the data, this will encrypt the data. Once voter can vote, the data of the vote will be uploaded on IPFS server and IPFS server generates the hash for that vote and that hash will be maintained by Ethereum. At the end the status of the vote will get updated in VI. ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 249 the data will be stored in the database and if he is already registered then the system will ask for his credentials for verification. If the OTP is invalid then the process will stop s fingerprint. If the fingerprint doesn't match then the system will stop. After successful verification of fingerprint, the system will check gas value. The admin can assign hen the system stops. On the availability of gas value, blockchain uses digital signature (SHA256) algorithm to maintain/verify integrity of the data, this will IPFS server generates the hash for that vote and that hash will be maintained by Ethereum. At the end the status of the vote will get updated in VIII. CONCLUSION In this project, we introduced a unique, blockchain-based electronic voting system that utilizes smart contracts to enable secure and cost-efficient election while guaranteeing voters privacy. We have outlined the systems architecture, the design, and a security analysis of the system. By comparison to previous work, we have shown that the blockchain technology offers a new possibility for democratic countries to advance from the pen and paper election scheme, to a more cost-and time-efficient election scheme, while increasing the security measures of the today's scheme and offer new possibilities of transparency. Implementing IPFS server-based solutions as well as blockchain for security will improvise on the transparency for the critics and also improve the security on the ballot information that is collected. Hence, the paper successfully demonstrates a way to improvise the political future in the country especially India.